In Class Assignment Chapter 1-3

Question 1

Who first described ‘Animalcules’?

Answer 1

Vanleewenhock

Question 2

Which English scientist improved the design of the compound microscope and confirmed Vanleewenhock’s work?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

Another term for spontaneous generation is _______.

Answer 3

abiogenesis

Question 4

What does abiogenesis mean?

Answer 4

Life can develop from non-living matter.

Question 5

Who created a means of heating wine to kill microorganisms that cause food spoilage?

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 6

What is the primary focus of Ignaz Semmelweis’s observations?

Answer 6

Women in the maternity ward became ill or died after being examined by physicians from the morgue.

Question 7

What did Ignaz Semmelweis require physicians to do?

Answer 7

Wash their hands with chlorine.

Question 8

Who established that a specific microbe causes a specific disease?

Answer 8

Robert Koch

Question 9

What type of infections did Robert Koch observe to establish his theory?

Answer 9

Anthrax infections in humans and cows.

Question 10

Who performed the first vaccination against smallpox?

Answer 10

Edward Jenner

Question 11

What is shigellosis generally caused by?

Answer 11

Contaminated food.

Question 12

What is the formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living organisms called?

Answer 12

Taxonomy

Question 13

What did Linnaeus assign to each species?

Answer 13

A binomial using its genus and species.

Question 14

Microorganisms of various species organized into complex communities on a surface are called _______.

Answer 14

biofilms

Question 15

Interactions between organisms in a community can occur as _______.

Answer 15

mutualism, commensalism, synergism, parasitism

Question 16

What is mutualism?

Answer 16

Where both organisms benefit.

Question 17

What is commensalism?

Answer 17

Where waste from microbes provides nutrients for another organism.

Question 18

What is synergism?

Answer 18

Where two organisms are dependent on each other to break down a nutrient.

Question 19

What is parasitism?

Answer 19

Where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.

Question 20

What are elements?

Answer 20

Forms of matter that cannot be broken down into further.

Question 21

Name some examples of elements.

Answer 21

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen.

Question 22

What are the smallest units of matter?

Answer 22

Atoms

Question 23

Define an ion.

Answer 23

An electrically charged atom, particle, or molecule formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Question 24

What is the process called when large molecules are broken down into smaller ones in the presence of water?

Answer 24

Hydrolysis

Question 25

What do inorganic compounds consist of?

Answer 25

Molecules that do not contain carbon.

Question 26

What is a solvent that can dissolve many different substances?

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

What are substances dissolved in water called?

Answer 27

Solutes

Question 28

What type of molecules contain atoms of carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 28

Organic molecules

Question 29

What is the composition of the plasma or cell membrane?

Answer 29

Two layers of phospholipids embedded with proteins and cholesterol.

Question 30

What are bacteria with a single polar flagellum at one end called?

Answer 30

Monotrichous

Question 31

What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 31

Absorption

Question 32

What is the movement of bacteria toward or away from a particular stimulus called?

Answer 32

Taxis

Question 33

What is a fungus in terms of microbial communities?

Answer 33

A microbial community enclosed by an extracellular matrix.

Question 34

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 34

A network of tubules that can be the place of ribosome attachment or a place of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis.

Question 35

What is the Golgi apparatus made of?

Answer 35

Flattened disks called cisternae that modify and package proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 36

What type of cells lack a nucleus?

Answer 36

Prokaryotic cells

Question 37

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 37

To produce ATP to be used in cellular respiration.

Question 38

What organelles are found only in algae and plant cells?

Answer 38

Chloroplasts

Question 39

What is diffusion?

Answer 39

The process of moving molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration without using ATP.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: _______ is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 40

Osmosis

Question 41

What is endocytosis?

Answer 41

A form of bulk transport that uses vesicles to transport large molecules across the cell membrane.

Question 42

What type of endocytosis surrounds solid matter to create a vesicle that releases the matter into the cell?

Answer 42

Phagocytosis

Question 43

What is catabolism?

Answer 43

The chemical reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones and releases energy.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: _______ is the chemical reaction where energy is used to form larger molecules from smaller ones.

Answer 44

Anabolism

Question 45

What is binary fission?

Answer 45

A form of reproduction used by bacteria.