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Offensive Operations > Improvised Explosive Devices > Flashcards

Improvised Explosive Devices Flashcards

0
Q

Components

A

Casing, initiating system, main charge

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1
Q

IED fundamentals

A

A improvised explosive device is and weapon fabricated using destructive, lethal, Noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals. They are placed in locations with the intent to destroy, incapacitate, caress, or distract enemy

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2
Q

Casing

A

The casing or case of the external component that holds the main charge. The case and propels the charge explosion in a direction or place.

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3
Q

Materials used for casing

A

Military munitions, soda cans, pipes, gas cylinders, dumpsters, vehicles, dead animals. These casings are normally packed with ready-made fragmentation such as nails or marbles.

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4
Q

Initiating system

A

The initiating system causes the main charge to detonate. Initiating systems almost always include a blasting And power source

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5
Q

Initiating systems

A

Time delay, command, victim

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6
Q

Time delay

A

Initiating system designed to function after a preset delay and provides the enemy and opportunity to escape. Types of timers are fire producing, chemical, mechanical, electronic

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7
Q

Command

A

Command wire and radio controlled-enables the enemy to have positive control of the detonation and allows them to choose the optimal moment of initiation. They are normally used against targets having established list routine or pattern.

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8
Q

Victim

A

Activated by the victim through use of pool or trip, pressure, pressure release, movement-sensitive, light-sensitive, proximity, or electronic switches. These initiating systems can be emplaced and left without supervision but do not allow for differentiation between enemy and nine enemy victims.

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9
Q

Main charge

A

Four types of main charges: Low explosive (gunpowder), high explosives (C4), homemade explosives (ammonium nitrate), chemical (compressed gas)

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10
Q

Low explosives

A

Include military propellant, commercial explosives, and black powder. Low explosives may be more accessible, but less powerful, then high explosives

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11
Q

High explosives

A

Include military munitions, commercial explosives, C-four, and TNT.

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12
Q

Homemade explosives

A

Commercially available chemicals that are combined to create an explosive mixture such as: triacetate triperoxide (TATP) and ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO).

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13
Q

Chemical

A

May be fabricated from military he munitions or commercially available product’s. Some indicators are odors and liquid near IED, dead animals, and compressed gas cylinders.

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14
Q

Sophistication and enhancement

A

Composition and configuration are only limited by the imagination and available materials of the maker.

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15
Q

Types of IED’s

A

Radio controlled, command-wired, victim operated, timed, vehicle borne/suicide vehicle borne, person born

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16
Q

Radio controlled

A

Anything that can transmit a radio signal can be adapted to function as a triggering device for an IED. EXAMPLES INCLUDE CAR ALARMS, GARAGE AND CAR DOOR OPENERS, TOY CONTROLLERS, WIRELESS DOORBELL’S, AND LONG-RANGE CORDLESS PHONES. ALLOWS THE ENEMY TO ACTIVATE THE DEVICE FROM A DISTANCE.

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17
Q

Command-wired

A

Take time for the insurgent to emplace. The wire leading from the IED to the firing point may be concealed, but the firing point is fixed. Recent improvements in these type IED’s tactics include micro-thinwire is that make it extremely difficult for US forces to the tech the wires leading to the device.

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18
Q

Victim operated

A

When handling the IAB the action of cutting a wire pulling a pan or simply lifting the item activates IED, making a victim operated

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19
Q

Hoax IED

A

Allows the enemy to observe a units counter IED tactics, techniques, and procedures

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20
Q

Timed

A

Not typically employed in the operational environment. If they are, they are usually used to arm a device with less likelihood of an accidental ignition

21
Q

Vehicle borne

A

Charges range from 100 pounds to more than 1000 pounds of mortar rounds, rocket motors, rocket warheads, PE4 explosives, and or artillery rounds. A growing technique-one vehicle ask as a decoy or barrier Buster while a second vehicle proceeds going to the real target

22
Q

Person borne

A

Sometimes referred to as a suicide bomb. Kills the carrier. Sometimes these devices employ a dead man switch to initiate the IED in case the bomber is incapacitated. A second initiator in case the bomber have second thoughts. Clothes are modified to carry the concealed material

23
Q

Employment techniques

A

Implement methodology, indicators, locations

24
Q

Employment methodology

A

Includes various methods method one, two, method three

25
Q

Employment method one

A

Thrown from overpasses. Thrown in front of approaching vehicles from the roadside

26
Q

Employment method two

A

Emplaced potholes covered with dirt. Emplaced along the main supply routes and alternate supply routes. Employed along on improved roads. Employed along cinderblocks or piles of sand that act as tamping mechanisms to direct the blast in the Killzone

27
Q

Employment method three

A

Employed with 122 mm and larger artillery or mortar projectiles.
Employed alone or in groups. As diversion or hoax to draw attention from the other IED’s or to allow the enemy to observe your reactions and gather information on your tactics, techniques, and procedures

28
Q

Indicators

A

Primary indication is the change in baseline (something new in the area that was not there before). The enemy may leave behind a visual indicators of an IED by accident or on purpose (to inform the local population)

29
Q

Indicators include

A

Objects and behaviors

30
Q

Objects

A

Markers by the side of the road, such as tires rock piles ribbon or tape that may identify in IED location to the local population or serve as a aiming reference. Wires laid out in plain sight. Colors that seem out of place, such as freshly disturbed dirt, concrete that does not match the surrounding area, colors detonation cord or other exposed IED parts. New or out of place objects in an area such as dirt piles dead animals or trash. Graffiti symbols or writing on buildings. Suspicious objects. Exposed and tennis, detonating cords, wires, ordinance, new construction. Signs that are newly erected or seem out of place. Metallic objects, such as soda cans and cylinders

31
Q

Behaviors

A

Personnel on overpasses. Vehicles following a convoy for a long distance and then pulling to the roadside. Signals from vehicles or by standards (flashing headlights). People videotaping ordinary activities or military actions. Enemies using IED’s often tape their activities for the use as a recruitment or training tools. Unusual behavior patterns or changes in community patterns such as noticeably few people or vehicles in a normally busy area, open windows, or the absence of women or children.

32
Q

Locations

A

Cinderblocks, roadway shoulders (usually within 10 feet), boundary turnaround points (pattern), unattended vehicles, trees, Lightpost, signs, overpasses, bridge spans that are elevated, buildings, animal carcasses, previous IED sites, abandon structures, medians, by the roadside, buried under the service of any type of road, often potholes covered by dirt piles

33
Q

Defeat framework fundamentals

A

Employed by leaders at every level: predict, detect, prevent, avoid, protect, neutralize

34
Q

Predict

A

Identify and understand enemy personnel, equipment, infrastructure, TTP, support mechanisms, or other actions to forecast specific enemy IED operations directed against US interest

35
Q

Detect

A

Activities contribute to the identification and location of enemy personnel, explosive devices and they are component parts, equipment, logistics operations, and infrastructure in order to provide accurate and timely information

36
Q

Prevent

A

Activities disrupt and defeat the IED operational chain of events. Prevent action focus on the target in order to interdict or destroy he in a be personnel, the infrastructure and logistics capabilities, and surveillance and targeting efforts before placement of the device

37
Q

Avoid

A

These activities keep friendly forces from IED’s when prevention activities are not possible or have failed

38
Q

Protect

A

These activities improve the survivability of targets through hardening, awareness, training, or techniques

39
Q

Neutralize

A

These activities contribute to the destruction or reduction of enemy personnel, explosive devices, and supplies. All hazards should be neutralized as soon and as safely as possible to maintain restricted movement

40
Q

IED defeat framework pertaining to corporals: predict

A

Can execute actions with limited assistance from S-2: identify patterns of enemy behavior. Predict future enemy actions.

41
Q

Defeat framework fundamentals: Detect

A

IED spotted. Report immediately.

42
Q

Defeat framework fundamentals: Avoid

A

Aid in avoiding: increase situational awareness. Constantly update the common operational picture. Disseminate related, accurate info about the AO in a timely manner. Ensure timely and accurate route status reporting the tracking to higher and subordinate elements on the threat conditions in the AO. Alter routes and routines. Mark and bypass suspected IEDs

43
Q

Defeat framework fundamentals: Protect

A

Disrupting channeling blocking or redirecting energy and fragmentation primarily accomplished through the use of armor kits on combat vehicles. Create greater standoff distances to reduce the effect that IED’s have on their intended targets. Maintaining the minimum safe distance of 300 m from any IED. Incorporating unmanned platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles for robotics to investigate likely attack areas prior to entering those areas

44
Q

Protect: CREW system

A

Another protective measure is using this system. Allow for: reducing time and distance in which intended targets are within the range. Increasing the speed and effectiveness by which reaction and evacuation operations are conducted. Providing blast and fragmentation mitigation for platforms structures and personnel. Avoiding the stab machine patterns and predictable forms of behavior. Conducting proper personnel and equipment inspections and rehearsals for all operations. Treating every operation as a combat mission

45
Q

Prepare for movement

A

Number and types of vehicles, plan speed of movement, weapons, CREW, communication plan

46
Q

Prepare for movement

A

When moving make yourself flexible. Your speed can vary. Have a variety of weapons. Keep a CREW. Keep your communication plan (primary and secondary means of communication)

47
Q

Prepare for movement: extra notes

A

Your communication plan includes casualty evacuation, 9-line and explosive hazard spot reports.

48
Q

IED encounter

A

Confirm, clear, cordon, check, control

49
Q

Confirm

A

From safe distance. Five and 25 m checks to ensure that no secondary device is are present. Checks are continuous

50
Q

Confirm: three-Ds

A

The first vehicle to identify an IED should turn on the appropriate turn signal indicating contact. The nearest vehicle with the radio must transmit the location of the IED to the remainder of the convoy using vehicle interval call signs and indicate the distance direction and description of the threat. After completing the 3-D The element must call appropriate headquarters

51
Q

Clear

A

All personnel should be cleared from the area to a tactically safe position. The minimum safe distance for exposed personnel is 300 m. Once the unit clears, either the lead or trail security element will conduct a 25 m 250 new suite on each side of the route to locate IED materials and equipment

Offensive Operations (5 decks)

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