Improving Intergroup Relations Flashcards
Tokenism
Performing positive actions towards members of minority of disadvantaged groups as a reaction to the discrimination they suffer. Tokenism may be a genuine attempt to counteract prejudice, or an attempt to deflect the charge of prejudice.
Moral credentialing
People who have been given the opportunity to ‘prove’ to themselves that they are not prejudiced were more likely to discriminate against minorities in subsequent situations. This moral credentialing occurs even when others do not know about the individual’s egalitarian track record.
Affirmative action
A collective name for policies designed to promote the employment of people from disadvantaged minority groups.
Positive feedback bias
The process of giving more positive feedback (or less critical feedback) on work believed to have been performed by a minority group member rather than a majority group member.
Reverse discrimination (WHAT)
Sometimes, people will attempt to deflect accusations of prejudice by being openly or publicly prejudiced towards people in minority groups.
Contact theory
Originally Allport’s conception that bringing members of opposing groups together will improve intergroup relations, reduce prejudice and reduce discrimination.
Extended contact effect
Finding that people are less prejudiced if they are friends with an ingroup member who they know to have good friendships with outgroup members.
Imagined contact effect
Merely imagining positive encounters with people of minority groups will make people feel more positive towards that group.
Decategorization
Group members emphasize individual (personal) differences rather than group identity.
Common ingroup identity model
Categorization-based approach to prejudice reduction asserting that a common ingroup identity will improve intergroup attitudes.
Recategorization
Group members emphasize a common ingroup.
Crossed categorization
Categorizing oneself or someone else on more than one dimension at the same time can decrease the perception of differences between groups.
Mutual differentiation model
Model arguing that people are committed to some subordinate groups and experience ‘distinctiveness threat’ when a superordinate identity looks as though it may replace distinctive subordinate groups.
Multiculturalism
The ideology that diversity in a society should be acknowledged and celebrated.
Assimilationism/integrationism/colour blindness
The idea that diversity in a society should be downplayed and attempts should be made to downplay differences between groups.
Feeling thermometer
A rating scale (resembling a thermometer) designed to measure feelings of ‘warmth’ or ‘coldness’ towards people of different groups.
Rebound effect of thought suppression
The finding that after suppressing an unwanted thought, in can come back stronger than before.
Ironic monitoring
The idea that monitoring mental content for signs of unwanted thoughts can ironically activate the unwanted thought.
Bargaining
Conflicting parties seek an end to the conflict through a process of negotiation.
Mediation
Conflicting parties seek an end to the conflict by negotiating with the aid of a third (independent) party.
Arbitration
Conflicting parties seek an end to the conflict with the aid of a third (independent) party who studies the situation and imposes a settlement.
Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction (GRIT)
A conflict reduction technique that relies on both groups reciprocating a series of de-escalating actions.
Collective action
The pursuit of goals by more than one person. Specifically, it is the coordinated actions of disadvantaged group members in order to change intergroup relations.
