improvements to health status Flashcards
old public health
government actions focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease, such as providing safe water, sewerage and sanitation disposal, improved nutrition, improved housing conditions and better health conditions
what is public health
the organised response by society (governments) to protect and promote health and wellbeing and to prevent illness, injury and disability
define the biomedical model of health
the biomedical model of health focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. it is a medical model of care practised by doctors and health professions and it is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of a disease
advantages of biomedical model of health (4)
- creates advances in technology and research
- enables many common problems to be effectively treated
- extends life expectancy
- improves quality of life
disadvantages of the biomedical model of health
- costly, relies on professional health workers and technology
- doesn’t promote good health. relies on a quick fix and not the cause of the problem so people will become less responsible for their own health
- not every condition is treatable
- affordability, not accessible to all
the new public health
an approach to health that expands the traditional focus on individuals behaviour to change to one that considers the ways in which physical, sociocultural and [political environments impact on health. also referred to as the social model of health
the social model of health
an approach that recognises improvement of health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and environmental factors of health that have an impact on individuals, populations and groups
Works alongside the biomedical model
acronym for the principles of the social model of health
AREAS adresses the broader determinants of health reduces social inequity empowers individuals and communities access to health care intersectional collaboration
adresses the broader determinants
focuses on reducing the environmental and sociocultural factors that contribute to inequalities in health and wellbeing
aims to reduce factors such as age, gender, sex, race, location and physical environment
reduces social inequity
promotes health equity for all people including factors such as cultural, gender, physical environment that can influence health
empowers individuals and community
empowering individuals and communities with health knowledge and skills means they can participate in decision making and therefore take control of their health
accessibility to health care
barriers accessing healthcare includes language barriers, economic and geographical factors such as education levels
inter sectorial collaboration
many groups (government, health, private sector) need to work together towards a common goal
what is health promotion
the process of enabling people to increase their control over and to improve their health
what is the Ottawa charter
an approach to health promotion that attempts to reduce the inequalities of health.it identifies three basic strategies for health promotion, enabling, mediating and advocacy
build healthy public policy
relates to the decisions that are made by governments and organisations in relation to healthcare policies, legislation, taxation, rules and regulations
creates supportive environments
involves building links between individuals and there environments (economic, physical and social) through taking care of one another, communities and natural resources
strengthens community action
by communities working together together to set priorities, make decisions, plan and implement strategies that will help them achieve better health
develop personal skills
involves an individual gaining life skills and information through health promotion and education, and is the deserved outcome of many health promotion programs
reorientate health services
involves individuals, community groups, and health professions and the government working together to achieve a healthcare system that promotes health
advantages of the social model of health
promotes good health and assists in preventing disease
- promotes overall wellbeing
- relatively inexpensive
- focuses on vulnerable population groups
- education can be passed down through generations
- the responsibility for health is shared
disadvantages of social model of health
- not every condition can be prevented
- does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge
- does not address the health concerns of the individual
- health promotion messages may be ignored
advantages of the biomedical model of health
creates advances in technology and research
- enables many common problems to be effectively treated
- extends life expectancy
- improves quality of life
disadvantages of the biomedical model of health
- costly, relies on professional health workers and technology
- doest always promote food health, relies on a quick fix and not the root cause of the problem
- people are less responsible for their own health
- not very condition can be treated
- affordability -not accessible to all
disadvantages of the biomedical model of health
- costly, relies on professional health workers and technology
- doest always promote food health, relies on a quick fix and not the root cause of the problem
- people are less responsible for their own health
- not very condition can be treated
- affordability -not accessible to all
what’re the leading causes of death in the 1900’s
infectious diseases cv disease cancer respiratory diseases diabetes injury and poisoning
why were these the leading causes of death in the 1900’s
no forms of sanitation
people were uneducated about health
examples of improvements made in technology as a result of the biomedical model
diagnostic tools and equipment (e.g. x rays, MRI, CT scan, genetic testing
pharmaceuticals: the discovery of antibiotics has lead to further reduction in deaths from infectious diseases. such as statins, vaccines
medical procedure: organ transplants, hip and knee replacements, robotic surgery, IVF, tissue engineering
leading causes of death in the 1900 and why
circulatory diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, and injury and poisoning
look at patterns of mortality sheet
how has health changed since the 1900 and why
why: improved nutrition
better hygiene
improved sanitation
better understanding of dehydration
successful public health policies being introduced such as drink driving restrictions, seat belts, OHNS etc
how? life expectancy increased from 53.8 - 80.9 for males 57-84 for females
all mortality rates have decreases over the past century (past leading causes of death)
