improvements to health status

Question 1

old public health

Answer 1

government actions focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease, such as providing safe water, sewerage and sanitation disposal, improved nutrition, improved housing conditions and better health conditions

Question 2

what is public health

Answer 2

the organised response by society (governments) to protect and promote health and wellbeing and to prevent illness, injury and disability

Question 3

define the biomedical model of health

Answer 3

the biomedical model of health focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. it is a medical model of care practised by doctors and health professions and it is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of a disease

Question 4

advantages of biomedical model of health (4)

Answer 4

• creates advances in technology and research
• enables many common problems to be effectively treated
• extends life expectancy
• improves quality of life

Question 5

disadvantages of the biomedical model of health

Answer 5

• costly, relies on professional health workers and technology
• doesn’t promote good health. relies on a quick fix and not the cause of the problem so people will become less responsible for their own health
• not every condition is treatable
• affordability, not accessible to all

Question 6

the new public health

Answer 6

an approach to health that expands the traditional focus on individuals behaviour to change to one that considers the ways in which physical, sociocultural and [political environments impact on health. also referred to as the social model of health

Question 7

the social model of health

Answer 7

an approach that recognises improvement of health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and environmental factors of health that have an impact on individuals, populations and groups
Works alongside the biomedical model

Question 8

acronym for the principles of the social model of health

Answer 8

AREAS 
adresses the broader determinants of health 
reduces social inequity 
empowers individuals and communities 
access to health care 
intersectional collaboration

Question 9

adresses the broader determinants

Answer 9

focuses on reducing the environmental and sociocultural factors that contribute to inequalities in health and wellbeing
aims to reduce factors such as age, gender, sex, race, location and physical environment

Question 10

reduces social inequity

Answer 10

promotes health equity for all people including factors such as cultural, gender, physical environment that can influence health

Question 11

empowers individuals and community

Answer 11

empowering individuals and communities with health knowledge and skills means they can participate in decision making and therefore take control of their health

Question 12

accessibility to health care

Answer 12

barriers accessing healthcare includes language barriers, economic and geographical factors such as education levels

Question 13

inter sectorial collaboration

Answer 13

many groups (government, health, private sector) need to work together towards a common goal

Question 14

what is health promotion

Answer 14

the process of enabling people to increase their control over and to improve their health

Question 15

what is the Ottawa charter

Answer 15

an approach to health promotion that attempts to reduce the inequalities of health.it identifies three basic strategies for health promotion, enabling, mediating and advocacy

Question 16

build healthy public policy

Answer 16

relates to the decisions that are made by governments and organisations in relation to healthcare policies, legislation, taxation, rules and regulations

Question 17

creates supportive environments

Answer 17

involves building links between individuals and there environments (economic, physical and social) through taking care of one another, communities and natural resources

Question 18

strengthens community action

Answer 18

by communities working together together to set priorities, make decisions, plan and implement strategies that will help them achieve better health

Question 19

develop personal skills

Answer 19

involves an individual gaining life skills and information through health promotion and education, and is the deserved outcome of many health promotion programs

Question 20

reorientate health services

Answer 20

involves individuals, community groups, and health professions and the government working together to achieve a healthcare system that promotes health

Question 21

advantages of the social model of health

Answer 21

promotes good health and assists in preventing disease

• promotes overall wellbeing
• relatively inexpensive
• focuses on vulnerable population groups
• education can be passed down through generations
• the responsibility for health is shared

Question 22

disadvantages of social model of health

Answer 22

• not every condition can be prevented
• does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge
• does not address the health concerns of the individual
• health promotion messages may be ignored

Question 23

advantages of the biomedical model of health

Answer 23

creates advances in technology and research

• enables many common problems to be effectively treated
• extends life expectancy
• improves quality of life

Question 24

disadvantages of the biomedical model of health

Answer 24

• costly, relies on professional health workers and technology
• doest always promote food health, relies on a quick fix and not the root cause of the problem
• people are less responsible for their own health
• not very condition can be treated
• affordability -not accessible to all

Question 25

disadvantages of the biomedical model of health

Answer 25

• costly, relies on professional health workers and technology
• doest always promote food health, relies on a quick fix and not the root cause of the problem
• people are less responsible for their own health
• not very condition can be treated
• affordability -not accessible to all

Question 26

what’re the leading causes of death in the 1900’s

Answer 26

infectious diseases 
cv disease
cancer 
respiratory diseases
diabetes 
injury and poisoning

Question 27

why were these the leading causes of death in the 1900’s

Answer 27

no forms of sanitation

people were uneducated about health

Question 28

examples of improvements made in technology as a result of the biomedical model

Answer 28

diagnostic tools and equipment (e.g. x rays, MRI, CT scan, genetic testing
pharmaceuticals: the discovery of antibiotics has lead to further reduction in deaths from infectious diseases. such as statins, vaccines
medical procedure: organ transplants, hip and knee replacements, robotic surgery, IVF, tissue engineering

Question 29

leading causes of death in the 1900 and why

Answer 29

circulatory diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, and injury and poisoning
look at patterns of mortality sheet

Question 30

how has health changed since the 1900 and why

Answer 30

why: improved nutrition
better hygiene
improved sanitation
better understanding of dehydration
successful public health policies being introduced such as drink driving restrictions, seat belts, OHNS etc
how? life expectancy increased from 53.8 - 80.9 for males 57-84 for females
all mortality rates have decreases over the past century (past leading causes of death)