important vocab Flashcards
1
Q
politics (warren’s)
A
- Social relation where collective action is taken to solve problems
- Conflicts are inevitable, but there is a push to find agreed-upon solutions
- Incentives to follow regulations and punishments for breaking rules
- Politics can be seen in everyday life, with rules in place
- Examples include workplace power dynamics and incentivizing employees for better work
- Politics is ambiguous and can be seen in different ways and places- Social relation where collective action is taken to solve problems
- Conflicts are inevitable, but there is a push to find agreed-upon solutions
- Incentives to follow regulations and punishments for breaking rules
- Politics can be seen in everyday life, with rules in place
- Examples include workplace power dynamics and incentivizing employees for better work
- Politics is ambiguous and can be seen in different ways and places
2
Q
qualitative research
A
- using past and similar cases, not necessarily conducting own research
- taking a completely different case that leads to similar outcome of specific case being studied
- this style of research uses past documentations or interviews
- helps to build new theories to test later through quantitative methods
- people in clinical related fields tend to use qualitative research to make theories on diseases that can later be tested
3
Q
quantitative
A
- observational type of research that looks to get people involved
- it is experimental and often tests if there are dependents of each case
- it can be exercised through making surveys or participant pools
- helps really test out theories and see cause and effect relationships
- builds on the theories made and looks to find evidence to prove said theory
- psychology is a field that uses this frequently, using videos and tapes to record data from patients to study later
4
Q
political community
A
- different groups that have a common sense of identity within a governing structure
- all political communities work together as a collective to have government reflect their sense of identity
- these communities are imagined, a national community makes it impossible to have everyone know each other
- political communities have to have an imagined common idea of identity
- a small scale political community would be a municipal political community working as a collective to current rubbish collection schedules to better fit their day to day lives
- it is important to know that people can belong to more than one political community and is not limited to one
5
Q
nation
A
- a community with a shared sense of identity based on a shared history, culture, language
- it is the product of a political community
- this nation does not govern a territory
- an example of a nation on a small scale would be a jewish community among the whole population of canada
- having a nation does not necessarily mean a state will come out of it
6
Q
state
A
- political authority that claims and is able to exert authority to run a territory
- this can be seen as a protection racket, having a state would allow for a community to fall back on a bigger figure when trouble comes
- having sovereignty over a territory and a group of people
- commonly known as a country
- an example would be the united states of america, they have a presidential system that is able to exert power over the people
7
Q
sovereignty
A
- legal right to control a territory and ability to exert control
- in a monarchy, the control would be the king or queen and their control would blanket the people of their state
- in modern times, sovereignty would rest with the people and is exercised through representative bodies like parliament
- sovereignty is a hard thing to keep, an example of this would be failed states like somalia as more violence came up due to the of authority to control them
8
Q
federal
A
- legitimate authority is distributed in different levels of government
- there is usually a big government that controls the country as a whole but there are smaller governments that look to help representation in parliament/congress
- this is a good system to have as it distributes power throughout a country
- too much power to one government would result in oppressive behaviour from said government like china or north korea
- a powerful state must be able to take influence from their civil societies
9
Q
pluralism
A
- state contains different groups competing for influence and have to mediate between them
- there is more than a center of power in state and said different centers of power will cater to interests of the people
- it is a belief that diversity and representation of all kind is beneficial to society
- an example of this would be in canada’s politics, where there are multiple parties that cater to different peoples’ ideologies that look to gain power
10
Q
liberalism
A
- individual liberty should be protected; people should be able to do what they want to do with their lives
- restraints are put on governments to give people more freedom
- there is limitations on the economy
- there are different branches of liberalism like neoliberalism and social reform liberalism
- liberalism does not speak on specific political parties, instead is an ideology that influences a multitude of parties
- the conservative party of canada can be seen to take influences from neoliberalist ideas even though they are not “liberals”
- ideologies do not = political parties
11
Q
negative liberty and negative rights
A
- the right to freedom and act
- no government intervention in people’s individual lives, with this it allows for people to exercise their liberty freely
- people have the freedom of expression, association, religion and can exercise these whenever they want without consequences from the government
12
Q
positive liberty and positive rights
A
- state has to act in individual lives
- not necessarily control people’s lives, rather see to intervene when see fit in order for people to exercise their liberty
- state can provide things for people to exercise it
- giving rights to a lawyer, education and healthcare are put in the care of the government in order for people to have the right advantages for their lives
- too much of either can result in imbalances and can make it harder to exert power
13
Q
ideology
A
- broad set of ideas about how a group of key questions in politics should be answered
- there is variations within ideological groups, there are broad ideas that can fit into many different groups, often not following the names of said groups
- it is impossible for one party to center around one single ideology
- an example of this would be how the liberal party of canada are not fully set on the ideas of the liberalism ideology, instead often comparable to the red tories
14
Q
socialism
A
- promotes positive liberty and positive rights, often to create a more equal economic outcomes
- in the most extreme form, the state is in control of the economy, but this is not often the common type of socialism
- socialist all look to have some sort of redistribution from the most well off to the least well off
- democratic socialism is what we are used to
- the most common influence socialism has had on politics is the idea of welfare state where there is positive liberty in place for government to be able to provide for the needs of the people, like health care, without government intervention health care would not be as powerful as it is to the people
15
Q
left and right
A
- it is a spectrum
- the idea of left and right is discovered, where on the left side is the radical democrats and on the right end is the least radical/traditional
- often people will place themselves on one side of the spectrum however there is more than just left and right
- the left and right is usually the spectrum of economics
