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Nutrition II Final > Important trends & numbers > Flashcards

Important trends & numbers Flashcards

1
Q

Piglet: BW at birth

A

1-2kg

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2
Q

Piglet: Age & BW at the start of weaning

A
  • 28 days
  • 7-9kg
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3
Q

Piglet: Age & BW when given starter feed

A
  • 42 days
  • 13kg
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4
Q

Piglet: Age & BW when given piglet diet

A
  • 70 days
  • 20-25kg
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5
Q

Stages of nutrition for piglets from birth

A
  1. Milk
  2. Creep feed (Milk + Prestarter)
  3. Weaning → Prestarter
  4. Starter
  5. Piglet diet
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6
Q

Piglet: FI (feed intake) required to start a piglet diet

A

1 - 1.2 kg/day

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7
Q

Piglet: Age & BW when piglets are chosen for their line (fattening/gilts)

A
  • 90 days
  • 25-30kg
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8
Q

Piglet: From pre-starter diet → piglet diet, give the trend of:

  1. CP %
  2. DE (MJ/kg)
A
  1. CP %: ↓
  2. DE (MJ/kg): →
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9
Q

Piglet: Give the trend of Lysine (%) requirement with BW

A

As BW ↑ = Lysine requirement ↓

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10
Q

Piglet: How much pre starter is eaten during suckling?

A

1kg

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11
Q

Piglet: When are antibodies no longer absorbed from the colostrum?

A

24-35hrs after birth

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12
Q

When is colostrum produced by the sow?

A

10hrs before birth → 36hrs after farrowing

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13
Q

What is the relationship of P to Ca in sow colostrum

A

P > Ca (Because piglets require more P)

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14
Q

Piglet: Give the trend of Calcium requirement from the point of birth

A

From birth → 2w old

Calcium requirement ↑

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15
Q

Piglet: Iron supplement required a few days after birth

A

200mg IM

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16
Q

Piglet: Age of weaning using the traditional system

A

8 Weeks

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17
Q

Piglet: Age of weaning using the segregated early weaning

A

2 weeks

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18
Q

Piglet weaning systems: Which has the highest and lowest solid feed consumption?

A
  1. Traditional system (highest)
  2. Recent system (usual)
  3. Segregated early weaning (lowest)
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19
Q

Piglet: Describe the trend of digestive enzyme levels from the point of birth

A
  1. All increase from birth → weaning
  2. Weaning: 10 day critical period: Levels drop
  3. Levels increase again
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20
Q

Piglet: Trend of piglet feeds from BW 3-5kg → 120kg for

  1. CP %
  2. DE (MJ/kg)
A
  1. CP %: ↓
  2. DE (MJ/kg): →
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21
Q

Piglet: DM consumption/day

A

3-4% BW

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22
Q

Feeding & nutrition of replacement gilts starts at…

A
  • 90 days of age
  • 25-30kg BW
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23
Q

Age & BW of pigs sold for: Pork production

A
  • 16 Weeks
  • 60-75kg
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24
Q

Age & BW of pigs sold for: Bacon

A
  • 22 weeks
  • 80-85 kg
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25
Q

Age & BW of pigs sold as: Heavy hog

A
  • 27 weeks
  • 90-120 kg
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26
Q

Water requirement for: 20-60 kg pig

A

4 l/day

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27
Q

Water requirement for: 60-115 kg pig

A

5.5 l/day

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28
Q

As the BW of a pig ↑, describe the:

  1. Feed intake (% of BW)
  2. Average daily growth
A
  1. Feed intake (% of BW): ↓
  2. Average daily growth: ↑
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29
Q

Describe the trend from growing → finishing pig feed for:

  1. DM %
  2. CP %
  3. DE (MJ/kg)
A
  1. DM %: →
  2. CP %: ↓
  3. DE (MJ/kg): →
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30
Q

From what point does pig feed stop being Ad libitum for fattening pigs?

A

50kg BW

Feed is then controlled

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31
Q

Give the Protein : Energy ratio requirement for fattening pigs

A
  • Initially: 14g : 1 MJ
  • 30-50kgbw: 12g : 1 MJ
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32
Q

Feeding & nutrition of fattening pigs starts at…

A
  • 90 days of age
  • 25-30kg BW
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33
Q

Feeding & nutrition of fattening pigs ends at…

A
  • 180 days
  • 120kg BW
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34
Q

Dietary fat requirement for a fattening pig

A

3% DM (not too much though)

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35
Q

The proportion of linoleic acid in the fattening pig’s diet will … with BW

A

Increase

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36
Q

Timing of replacement gilt’s:

  • First preselection
  • Second preselection
A
  • First preselection: 90 days / 25-30 kg
  • Second preselection: 140 days / 80-90 kg
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37
Q

When is puberty for the replacement gilt?

A

170 days

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38
Q

Give the following parameters for phase 1 of high lean gilt rationing:

  1. BW (kg)
  2. Back fat (mm)
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day)
A
  1. BW (kg): 25-60
  2. Back fat (mm): <7
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day): Ad lib
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39
Q

Give the following parameters for phase 2 of high lean gilt rationing:

  1. BW (kg)
  2. Back fat (mm)
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day)
A
  1. BW (kg): 60-125
  2. Back fat (mm): 7-16
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day): 1.8-2.2
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40
Q

Give the following parameters for phase 3 of high lean gilt rationing:

  1. BW (kg)
  2. Back fat (mm)
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day)
A
  1. BW (kg): 125-140
  2. Back fat (mm): 16-18
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day): Ad lib
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41
Q

Give the following parameters for phase 4 of high lean gilt rationing:

  1. BW (kg)
  2. Back fat (mm)
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day)
A
  1. BW (kg): Early gestation
  2. Back fat (mm): 18-20
  3. Feeding strategy (kg/day): 1.8-2.0
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42
Q

Nutrient requirements for industrial average replacement gilts:

  1. CP %
  2. DE (MJ/kg)
A
  1. CP %: 14-16
  2. DE (MJ/kg): 13
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43
Q

Nutrient requirements for lean replacement gilts:

  1. CP %
  2. DE (MJ/kg)
A
  1. CP %: 13-14 (lower than average)
  2. DE (MJ/kg): 14 (higher than average)
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44
Q

Replacement gilt: BW & age at first heat

A
  • BW: 110 kg
  • Age: 190 days
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45
Q

Replacement gilt: BW & age at insemination (2nd/3rd heat)

A
  • BW: 140 kg
  • Age: 210 days
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46
Q

The period of flushing in replacement gilts occurs in which BW range?

A

125-140kg

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47
Q

Gilt: Flushing requires how much feed/day?

A

3.5 kg/day

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48
Q

When does flushing of replacement gilts occur?

A

11-14 days prior to insemination

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49
Q

How long is the gestation period for sows?

A

114 days (3m, 3w, 3d)

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50
Q

Give the following parameters of a sow at the point of insemination:

  1. Age (days)
  2. BW (kg)
  3. Back fat (mm)
A
  1. Age (days): 200-220
  2. BW (kg): 135-150
  3. Back fat (mm): 16-18
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51
Q

Give the following parameters of a sow at the point of parturition:

  1. Age (days)
  2. BW (kg)
  3. Back fat (mm)
A
  1. Age (days): 315
  2. BW (kg): 170-180
  3. Back fat (mm): 18-20
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52
Q

Give the feed required for a pregnant sow:

  1. Day 0→4
  2. Day 4→30
  3. Day 30→90
  4. Day 90→112
  5. Day 112→113
  6. Day 113→114
A
  1. Day 0→4: 1.8-2.3 kg/day
  2. Day 4→30: Feed according to BCS
  3. Day 30→90: 1.8-2.3 kg/day
  4. Day 90→112: 2.7-3.6 kg/day
  5. Day 112→113: 2.5-3.0 kg/day
  6. Day 113→114: 1.0-1.8 kg/day (liquid)
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53
Q

Composition of the pregnant sow diet:

  1. CP %
  2. DE (MJ/kg)
  3. CF%
  4. Lysine
A
  1. CP %: 13.5
  2. DE (MJ/kg): 14.2
  3. CF%: 10
  4. Lysine: 0.6
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54
Q

How long is the lactation period for a sow?

A

28 days

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55
Q

Give the feed requirement of the lactating sow:

  1. Day 0
  2. Day 1
  3. Day 2
  4. Day 3
  5. Day 4
  6. Day 5
  7. Days 6-28
  8. Day 28 (weaning)
  9. Heat
A
  1. Day 0: Low appetite
  2. Day 1: 2-2.5 kg/day
  3. Day 2: +1 kg/day
  4. Day 3: +1 kg/day
  5. Day 4: +1 kg/day
  6. Day 5: +1 kg/day
  7. Days 6-28: Ad libitum
  8. Day 28 (weaning): 4 kg/day
  9. Heat: 1.5-2 kg/day
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56
Q

Give the back fat thickness of a lactating sow

A

18-20mm

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57
Q

Give the nutritional requirement of the lactating sow:

  1. CP %
  2. Energy (MJ/kg)
  3. Lysine %
A
  1. CP %: 18-19
  2. Energy (MJ/kg): 14.2
  3. Lysine %: 1.0
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58
Q

Give the required water supply and temperature for a lactating sow

A
  • 2 litres/minute (of 40 litres/day)
  • 18°C
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59
Q

Give the nutritional value of sow milk

  1. CP%
  2. DM%
  3. Fat%
A
  1. CP%: 3
  2. DM%: 18
  3. Fat%: 7.5
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60
Q

Give the DMI for a horse

A

1.5% of BW (e.g 7.5kg for a 500kg horse)

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61
Q

Give the DE requirement for a horse

A

70 MJ/day (0.14xBW(kg))

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62
Q

Give the protein requirement for horse

A

690g/day (9.5 x DE)

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63
Q

Give the CF requirement for a horse

A

16-18%

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64
Q

Give the Ca requirement for a horse

A

4 g/100bwkg (≈20g/day)

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65
Q

Give the P requirement for a horse

A

3 g/bwkg (≈15 g/day)

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66
Q

Give the Ca:P ratio requirement for horse

A

1.5-2 : 1

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67
Q

Give the water requirement for horse

A

5 litres/100kgbw or 2 litres/kgDM

(≈25 litres/day)

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68
Q

Give the ideal BCS for a horse

A

Breed & use dependent:

BCS 4 (racehorse) → BCS 6 (dressage/brood mare)

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69
Q

Give the daily mass of pasture eaten by a horse

A

35-50kg/day

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70
Q

Give the daily mass of silage eaten by a horse per day

A

10 kg/day

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71
Q

Give the Forage : Concentrate ratio for:

  1. Light work horse
  2. Moderate work horse
  3. Intense work horse
A
  1. Light work horse: 65:35
  2. Moderate work horse: 50:50
  3. Intense work horse: 35:65

Harder working horses need more concentrate than forage

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72
Q

Give the minimal daily hay requirement for horse

A

1.5-2% BW (≈10kg for a 500kg horse)

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73
Q

Give the gestation period for the mare

A

330-360 days

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74
Q

Optimum BCS for mare

A

6 (6.5→8 on the internet)

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75
Q

Give the DE (MJ/kg) requirement for a pregnant mare during:

  1. First 8 months gestation
  2. Month 9 gestation
  3. Month 10 gestation
  4. Month 11 gestation
A
  1. First 8 months: Maintenance (70 MJ/day)
  2. Month 9: +10% (77 MJ/day)
  3. Month 10: +15% (88.5 MJ/day)
  4. Month 11: +20% (106.3 MJ/day)
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76
Q

CP requirement for the pregnant mare

A

CP (g/day) = 10.5 x DE

Ranges from 750g/day → 970g/day (11mo.)

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77
Q

Give the feed intake for the pregnant mare:

  1. Month 0→8
  2. Month 9→11
A
  1. Month 0→8: 1.5-2kg forage + 0.5kg concentrate
  2. Month 9→11: 0.5-1kg forage + 1-1.5kg concentrate

During pregnancy: Forages ↓; Concentrates ↑

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78
Q

How long is the mare’s lactation period?

A

≈5-6 months

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79
Q

Give the quantity of milk produced per day for the mare

A

12-18 kg/day

(Peak during month 2 of lactation)

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80
Q

Give the composition of mare milk:

  1. DM%
  2. CP%
  3. Fat%
  4. Lactose%
A
  1. DM%: 10.4
  2. CP%: 2.2
  3. Fat%: 1.6
  4. Lactose%: 6.4
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81
Q

Mare: Give the nutritional requirement for lactation: Energy

A

DEl = 3.3 MJ DE/kg milk produced

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82
Q

Mare: Give the nutritional requirement for lactation: Protein (DCP)

  1. Month 0→3 lactation
  2. Month 3→6 lactation
A
  1. Month 0→3 lactation: 12 x DE
  2. Month 3→6 lactation: 11 x DE

Forage stays the same, while concentrates ↓ from month 3

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83
Q

Give the amount of milk consumed by a foal

A

Starts from 20-25% BW → 17-20%BW

Over a space of 5 weeks

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84
Q

Give the birth weight of the foal

A

Usually 10% of the adult’s BW

This doubles after 2 weeks

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85
Q

When does creep feed of foals start?

A

2-3 weeks of age

Simple cereals/pelleted feeds

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86
Q

Weaning the foal: How much oat would you give a 4month old foal?

A

4 litres of oat

Increases proportionally with age

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87
Q

Weaning of the foal occurs when…

A
  • Age is 5-6 months
  • It weighs 40-45% of its adult weight
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88
Q

What is the foal fed at the point of weaning

A

1kg concentrate + 2.5kg hay/day

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89
Q

Give the CP requirement of foal at:

  1. Weaning
  2. 1 years old
  3. 2 years old
A
  1. Weaning: DE x 12 (14% CP)
  2. 1 years old: DE x 11
  3. 2 years old: DE x 10
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90
Q

Give the concentrate intake for a foal at:

  1. 3 months
  2. 6 month
  3. 12 months
  4. 18 months
  5. 24 months
A
  1. 3 months: 1-2 %BW
  2. 6 month: 2-3 %BW
  3. 12 months: 1-2 %BW
  4. 18 months: 1-1.5 %BW
  5. 24 months: 1-1.5 %BW
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91
Q

Give the forage intake for a foal at:

  1. 3 months
  2. 6 month
  3. 12 months
  4. 18 months
  5. 24 months
A
  1. 3 months: 0
  2. 6 month: 0.5-1 %BW
  3. 12 months: 1-1.5 %BW
  4. 18 months: 1-1.5 %BW
  5. 24 months: 1-1.5 %BW
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92
Q

At 1 year, what should the weight of foal be?

A

60% of the mother’s weight (to prevent DOD)

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93
Q

Ca:P Ratio requirement for foal

A

1.5-2 : 1

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94
Q

BW of a foal aged 2 weeks

A

100kg

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95
Q

BW of a foal aged 12 months

A

60% of adult weight

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96
Q

Max weight of feed for a breeding stallion

A

2.5kg/100kgbw (≈15kg)

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97
Q

NaCl requirement for a breeding stallion

A

10-15 g/100kg

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98
Q

Work horse: Forage : Concentrate ratio for:

  1. Light work
  2. Medium work
  3. Hard work
A
  1. Light work: 65/35
  2. Medium work: 50/50
  3. Hard work: 35/65
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99
Q

Work horse: DM requirement for:

  1. Light work
  2. Medium work
  3. Hard work
A
  1. Light work: 1.5-2.25 kg/100kgbw
  2. Medium work: 1.75-2.5 kg/100kgbw
  3. Hard work: 2.25-3 kg/100kgbw
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100
Q

Work horse: Protein requirement

A

12-16%

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101
Q

Work horse: Fat requirement

A

8-10%

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102
Q

Work horse: Main minerals required

A

Ca/P/Mg → Bone

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103
Q

Work horse: Main vitamins required

A

E & C → Antioxidant role

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104
Q

Work horse: Main electrolytes required

A

1% NaCl in concentrates → Salt loss through sweat

105
Q

Hobby horse: How much feed a day

A

10 kg feed/day

106
Q

Racehorse: How much feed a day

A

≈20kg feed/day

*of which 5kg should be Concentrates

107
Q

Calf BW at birth

108
Q

Age & BW of calf at weaning

A

60-90 days

≈80-110kg

109
Q

Age & BW of calf when they start to be fed as heifers (postrearing)

A

5-6 Months

200kg

110
Q

Calf: How much feed is required/day from birth

A
  1. 0 → 1 week: 8-10L/day of colostrum
  2. 10 days → 21 days: 6 l/milk
  3. 22 days → 56 days: 8 l/milk
  4. 57 days → 70 days: 7 → 5l/milk (2 x 1.5l/milk in the last week)
  5. 70 days → : >1.5kg dry feed
111
Q

Calf: At what age should solid feed start to be given?

112
Q

Calf: How much colostrum should be consumed:

  1. Within the first 2 hours of life
  2. Day 1 & 2
  3. In the whole of week 1
A
  1. Within the first 2 hours of life: 4 litres
  2. Day 1 & 2: 8-10 litres/day
  3. In the whole of week 1: 35 litres
113
Q

The temperature that milk should be when given to calves

114
Q

Water requirement for calves at:

  1. 1 month
  2. 2 months
A
  1. 1 month: 8-10 litres/day
  2. 2 months: 10-15 litres/day
115
Q

The calf should be weaned if it can eat…

A

1.5kg dry feed/day

116
Q

Calf: From age 30 days → 90 days, give the trend of:

  1. Concentrate intake
  2. Roughage intake
A
  1. Concentrate intake: ↑
  2. Roughage intake ↑
117
Q

From the point of rearing, what is the desired BW gain/day for heifers

A

800g BW/day

118
Q

Dairy calves: Growth types from age 0 → 24 months

A
  1. 0 → 3 months: Isometric growth
  2. 3 months → 10 months: Allometric growth
  3. 10 months → 24 months: Isometric growth
119
Q

Insemination of dairy cow:

  1. Age
  2. BW
A
  1. Age: 13-15 months
  2. BW: Min. 350kg
120
Q

Heifer rearing of dairy cows:

  1. Age
  2. BW
  3. BCS
A
  1. Age: 24 months
  2. BW: 520 kg
  3. BCS: 3.5
121
Q

Dairy cow: Age & BW during…

  1. Insemination
  2. 1st calving
A
  1. Insemination: 13-15 months; min. 350kg
  2. 1st calving: 24 months; 520kg
122
Q

Physiologically intense feeding level dairy cow:

  1. BW gain/day
  2. Age of breeding
A
  1. BW gain/day: 1-1.2 kg/day
  2. Age of breeding: 12-13 months
123
Q

Nutrient requirement for heifers:

  1. NEm
  2. NEg
  3. CP
A
  1. NEm: 23-24 MJ/kg
  2. NEg: 26.8MJ/kg
  3. CP: 10-11%
124
Q

Beef heifer age & BW of:

  1. Weaning
  2. Mating
  3. Calving
A
  1. Weaning: 6-7 months; 240kg
  2. Mating: 13-15 months; 350kg
  3. Calving: 24 months; 470kg
125
Q

Beef heifer: Period 3 & 4: Ideal BCS

A

6 (Nebraska system)

or 2.5 in the dairy cow system

126
Q

DM consumed by a cow

A

2-3% of BW

127
Q

NEl requirement for dairy cows

A

4.184 MJ/NEm

128
Q

Daily BW gain for an Angus bull

129
Q

End BW for an angus bull

130
Q

Dairy cow: Length of phases of lactation

A
  1. Phase 1: Day 0-70 (Early lactation)
  2. Phase 2: Day 70-140 (Peak DM intake)
  3. Phase 3: Day 140-305 (Mid-late lactation)
  4. Phase 4: Day 305-350 (Dry period)
  5. Phase 5: Day 350-365 (Transition period)
131
Q

Dairy cow: Phase 1 of lactation cycle:

  1. BW change
  2. Forage:Conc ratio
  3. CF requirement
  4. CP requirement
  5. NEl
  6. MF (mixed forages)
A
  1. BW change: ↓ 40kg
  2. Forage:Conc ratio: 40:60
  3. CF requirement: >15-17%
  4. CP requirement: 17-18%
  5. NEl: 7MJ/kg DM
  6. MF (mixed forages): 100g/kg DM
132
Q

Dairy cow: Phase 2 of lactation cycle:

  1. Forage:Conc ratio
  2. CF
  3. NEl
A
  1. Forage:Conc ratio: 50:50
  2. CF: 17-18%
  3. NEl: 6.3 MJ/kg DM
133
Q

Dairy cow: Phase 4 of lactation cycle: Daily feed

A
  • 40 days before calving: Ad lib hay + corn silage; Supplement Se & Vit. E
  • 14-21 days before calving: ↑ Concentrates to 5kg/day
134
Q

Beef cow: Length of the periods of the life-cycle

A
  1. Period 1: 80 Days
  2. Period 2: 125 Days
  3. Period 3: 110 Days
  4. Period 4: 50 Days
135
Q

Beef cow: Period 1 requirements for:

  1. Protein
  2. Energy
  3. BCS
  4. Milk production
A
  1. Protein: Maintenance + 60%
  2. Energy: Maintenance + 60-70%
  3. BCS: 2.5 (below optimum)
  4. Milk production: 6-10 l/day
136
Q

Energy requirement of a beef cow during each period

A
  1. Period 1: Maintenance + 60-70%
  2. Period 2: Maintenance +40-50%
  3. Period 3: Maintenance
  4. Period 4: Maintenance + 40-50%
137
Q

Give the nutrient requirement of sheep:

  1. DM
  2. NEm
  3. Metabolisable protein (MP)
A
  1. DM: 2.5-6 kg/100kgbw
  2. NEm: 0.31MJ x BW0.75
  3. Metabolisable protein (MP): 2.6 x BW0.75
138
Q

Ewe gestation period length

A

136-155 days

139
Q

Ewe duration of lactation

A

3-4 months

140
Q

Ewe ovarian cycle length

141
Q

Lamb BW at birth

142
Q

Lamb age of weaning

A

30-40 days

143
Q

Lamb BW at weaning

144
Q

Lamb age at insemination

A

3-4 months

145
Q

Optimal BCS of ewes

146
Q

Ewe milk composition:

  1. DM
  2. Fat
  3. Protein
A
  1. DM: 200g/kg
  2. Fat: 80g
  3. Protein: 60g
147
Q

What month are ewes inseminated?

148
Q

What month are ewes lambed?

149
Q

What month are lambs weaned?

150
Q

Fibre requirement for ewes

151
Q

Sheep: Flushing:

  • When?
  • Change of diet
  • Supplements
A
  • When?: 2-3 weeks before mating
  • Change of diet: 0.3-0.4 kg concentrate (Rye/oat)
  • Supplements: P & Carotene
152
Q

Give the ration for a growing ewe

A

Grazing + Low concentrate

153
Q

Give the common ration for non-pregnant ewes:

  • In summer
  • In winter
  • Post partum
A
  • Summer: Pasture + 0.5kg hay/day
  • Winter: 2-3kg haylage of grass + 1kg hay
  • Post partum:
  • Pasture +
  • 0.5-1kg hay +
  • 0.5kg concentrate
154
Q

Breeding rams:

  1. BCS target
  2. Diet prior to mating
A
  1. BCS target: 3
  2. Diet prior to mating: 1-1.5kg concentrate (oat) (2-3 weeks prior)
155
Q

Give the DMI of goats

156
Q

Goat: Length of gestation

157
Q

BW of a kid at birth

158
Q

Goat: Length of drying-off period

A

3.5 months

159
Q

Standard BW of a goat

160
Q

Weaning of kids occurs at…

A

60-90 days

161
Q

Goat: Length of lactation

A

8.5 months

162
Q

Milk production of a goat

163
Q

Goat: When does lactation start

A

It can start up to 1 month before kidding

164
Q

Nutrition of dairy goats:

  • NEm
  • NEl
  • MP
  • Fibre
A
  • NEm: 10.2 MJ/day
  • NEl: 17-19 MJ/day
  • MP: 53g/day
  • Fibre: >18%*

*Undefined according to the internet

165
Q

Goat: Describe the DM in the last 2 months of drying off

A

↑ DM + 20-25% for foetal growth

166
Q

How much concentrate to give a goat in the first 3 weeks of lactation

167
Q

Feeding routine of kids:

  1. Colostrum
  2. Milk replacer
  3. Hay, concentrate & milk replacer
A
  1. Colostrum: Birth → 4 days
  2. Milk replacer: 5 days → 10 days
  3. Hay, concentrate & milk replacer: → Weaning
168
Q

Dry food contains how much moisture?

169
Q

Wet food contains how much moisture?

170
Q

Give the energy requirement for dogs

A

ME (MJ/day) = 0.54 x BW0.75

171
Q

Protein requirement for dogs:

  • Adult
  • Puppy
A
  • Adult: 18%
  • Puppy: 22%
172
Q

Give the water requirement for dogs

A

44-66 ml//kgbw

173
Q

Compare the diet of indoor & outdoor cat food:

  • Energy
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Fibre
A

Outdoor cats require:

  • More energy
  • More protein
  • More fat
  • Less fibre
174
Q

Give the protein requirement for cats

175
Q

Give the energy requirement for cats

A

ME(MJ/kgbw) = 0.336 x BW

176
Q

Give the fat requirement by cats

177
Q

BW of broiler chicks at hatching

178
Q

BW of broilers at slaughter

179
Q

Fattening period for broilers

A

5-6 weeks

(38-40 days)

180
Q

Broilers: Trend of energy requirement from birth → slaughter

A

↑

The energy required for protein inbuilding, fat building & better feeding efficiency

181
Q

Broilers: Trend of protein requirement from birth → slaughter

A

↓

Because protein inbuilding ↓ with age

182
Q

Broilers: What age are:

  1. Starters
  2. Growers
  3. Finishers
A
  1. Starters: 0-10 days
  2. Growers: 11-24 days
  3. Finishers: 25-slaughter
183
Q

Water requirement of broilers

184
Q

Layers: Give the age of:

  1. Starters
  2. Growers
  3. Pre-layers
  4. Layer 1
  5. Layer 2
A
  • Starters: 0 → 8 weeks
  • Growers: 9 → 17 weeks
  • Pre-layers: 18 → 20 weeks (They are housed here)
  • Layer 1: 21 → 64 weeks
  • Layer 2: 65 → 76 weeks
185
Q

Layers: Trend of energy requirement from birth → 17 weeks

A

→

Isometric growth; focus of achievement of sexual development

186
Q

Layers: Trend of protein requirement from birth → 17 weeks

A

↓

In order to delay sexual maturity → better production

187
Q

When do layers reach peak egg production?

A

24-26 weeks

188
Q

Layers: No. eggs produced per year

A

320-350 eggs/year

189
Q

Give the weight of a hen egg

190
Q

Layers are given calcium supplement at age

191
Q

Give the feed efficiency of layers

A

2-2.1 kg/kg eggs

192
Q

Give the feed efficiency of broilers

A

1.6 kg/kg meat

193
Q

Roasting duck: Length of fattening

194
Q

Compare the tendency of light for:

  • Pullet rearing
  • Laying period
A
  • Pullet rearing: ↓ light until 17 weeks
  • Laying period: ↑ light from 17 weeks
195
Q

Turkey hybrids: BW at birth

196
Q

Turkey hybrids: Age & BW of slaughter for:

  • Hens
  • Toms
A
  • Hens: 15 weeks; 10.5 kg
  • Toms: 20 weeks; 21.5kg
197
Q

Turkey hybrids: Give the ages at each stage:

  1. Starter 1
  2. Starter 2
  3. Grower 1
  4. Grower 2
  5. Fattener
A
  • Starter 1: 0 → 4 weeks
  • Starter 2: 5 → 8 weeks
  • Grower 1:
    • 9 → 12 weeks (Toms)
    • 9 → 11 weeks (Hens)
  • Grower 2:
    • ​13 → 16 weeks (Toms)
    • 12 → 15 weeks (Hens)
  • Fattener:
    • ​17 → 20 weeks (Toms only)
198
Q

Give the trend of energy requirement for turkey hybrids with age

199
Q

Give the trend of protein requirement for turkey hybrids with age

200
Q

Turkey hybrids: Feed efficiency

A

2.5 kg/kg meat

201
Q

Roasting ducks: Give the ages of:

  • Starter
  • Grower
  • Finisher
A
  • Starter: 0 → 14 days
  • Grower: 15 → 42 days
  • Finisher: 43 → 49 days
202
Q

Give the feed efficiency of roasting ducks

A

2.7 kg/kg meat

203
Q

Roasting ducks: Fat building occurs during which weeks?

204
Q

Roasting ducks: Give the water & supplement consumption

A

Water: 3-5 l/kg DM

  • Calcium & Phosphorus supplement (which decrease from age)
205
Q

Roasting geese: BW at hatching

206
Q

Roasting geese: BW & age at slaughter

A

4-4.5kg; 8 weeks old

207
Q

Feed efficiency of roasting geese

A

2.4 kg/kg meat

208
Q

Water requirement of roasting geese

A

3-4 l/kg DM

209
Q

Muscovy duck (liver):

  • Start BW
  • Duration of force feed
  • Feeding frequency
  • Liver weight
A
  • Start BW: 4.5kg
  • Duration of force-feed: 14 days
  • Feeding frequency: 2 x day
  • Liver weight: 450g
210
Q

Geese (liver):

  • Duration of force feed
  • Feeding frequency
  • Liver weight
A
  • Duration of force-feed: 14-21 days
  • Feeding frequency: 2, 3 then 4 x day
  • Liver weight
    • ​14 days: 600g
    • 21 days: 700-750g
211
Q

When does force feeding start for:

  • Muscovy
  • Mulard
  • Geese
A
  • Muscovy: 12 Weeks
  • Mulard: 9 Weeks
  • Geese: 12-14 Weeks
212
Q

Minimum liver weight: Target for:

  • Ducks
  • Geese
A
  • Ducks: >300g
  • Geese: >400g
213
Q

(Liver) How much to feed per day for:

  • Muscovy duck
  • Moulard
  • Geese (14 days)
  • Geese (21 days)
A
  • Muscovy duck: 6-7kg/duck
  • Moulard: 8kg/duck
  • Geese (14 days): 13kg/goose
  • Geese (21 days): 22kg/goose
214
Q

Rabbit: Requirements for:

  • Energy
  • Protein
  • Fibre
A
  • Energy: DE = 10-12 MJ/kg
  • Protein: 12-18%
  • Fibre: 12-15%
215
Q

Rabbit DM intake during each phase:

  1. Growing
  2. Pregnant
  3. Suckling
  4. Suckling & Gestant
A
  1. Growing: 50-150g/day
  2. Pregnant: 100-200g/day
  3. Suckling: 300g/day
  4. Suckling & Gestant: 450g/day
216
Q

How many times a day do rabbits eat?

A

30-40 times

217
Q

Rabbit: BW at birth

218
Q

Rabbit: Solid feed introduced at what age?

219
Q

Rabbit: Weaning at what age?

220
Q

Rabbit: Slaughter at what age & BW?

A

12 weeks; 2.5kg

221
Q

Rabbit: Requirement of lactating does:

  • Energy
  • CP
  • CF
A
  • Energy: 10-12 MJ/kg
  • CP: 12-18%
  • CF: 12-15%

(Yes, apparently this is the same as maintenance requirement)

222
Q

Puppy BW at birth

223
Q

Rabbit: Gestation period

224
Q

Orphaned baby rabbits:

  • How many milk feeds/day
  • Solid feed given from…
A
  • How many milk feeds/day: 2-3/day
  • Solid feed given from…: Day 12-14
225
Q

Give the phases of breeding turkeys

A
  1. Starter: 0 → 4 weeks
  2. Grower 1: 4 → 8 weeks
  3. Grower 2: 8 → 12 weeks
  4. Grower 3: 12 → 16 weeks
  5. Rearer: 16 → 29 weeks

Laying will then follow

226
Q

Breeding turkey: Give the trend from birth of:

  • CP%
  • ME (MJ/kg)
A
  • CP%: ↓
  • ME (MJ/kg): →*

*Until rearing when it increases due to more energy required for maintenance

227
Q

Give the phases of laying turkeys

A
  • Layer 1: 30 → 40 weeks*
  • Layer 2: 40 → 50-54 weeks

*Peak production at 34 weeks

228
Q

Laying turkeys: Egg number & weight

A
  • 100-120 eggs
  • 80-90g each
229
Q

Laying turkey requirements:

  • CP%
  • Energy (MJ/kg)
  • Ca (g/kg)
A

From layer I → layer II

  • CP%: 16.5 → 15
  • Energy (MJ/kg): 11.8 → 12
  • Ca (g/kg): 25 → 28
230
Q

Give the phases of breeding ducks

A
  • Rearer: Week 0 → 28
    • ​Fore-rearing: 0 → 18 days
    • Post rearing: 18 days → 28w
  • Layer: 7 month laying period
231
Q

Breeding duck: Diet from 0 → Laying

A
  • Week 0 → 7: As roasting ducks: Starter, grower & finisher
  • Week 8 → 25: Rearer diet: Pellets 150-180g/day
  • Week 26 → : Ad lib pellets
232
Q

Breeding duck: Nutrient requirements:

  • CP%
  • ME(MJ/kg)
  • Ca(g/kg)
A

From rearer → layer

  • CP%: 14.5 → 17
  • ME(MJ/kg): 11 → 12
  • Ca(g/kg): 8 → 29
233
Q

Breeding ducks: Egg number & weight

A
  • 130-150 eggs
  • 75-80g each
234
Q

Give the phases of breeding geese

A
  • Developer
    • Fore-rearing (0 → 4 weeks)
    • Post-rearing (5 → 9 weeks)
  • Feeding until they are housed
  • Housed geese: 32 → 42 weeks
  • Layers: 42 weeks → Begining of June
235
Q

Length of goose egg production

236
Q

Breeding geese: Egg number & weight

A
  • 25-50 eggs
  • ≈160g each
237
Q

Breeding geese: Diets at different ages

A
  • Week 1: Starter diet
  • Week 2 → 8: Starter diet + Green forages
  • Week 9 → 31: Developer diet/grains + Green forage
  • Week 32 → 38: Pre-layer diet - Ad lib.
  • Week 39 → 42: Layer diet - Ad lib.
238
Q

Breeding geese: Plucking ages

A
  • 1st plucking: 10 Weeks
  • 2nd plucking: 16 Weeks
  • 3rd plucking: 23 Weeks
239
Q

Breeding geese: Nutritional requirements:

  • CP%
  • ME (MJ/kg)
A

From Developer → Layer

  • CP%: 14 → 16
  • ME (MJ/kg): 11 → 11.5
240
Q

Fattening pigs: Phases

A
  • Grower (30-60kg)
  • Finisher (60-120kg)
241
Q

Fattening pigs: Feed given at:

  • Piglet diet
  • Finisher diet
A
  • Grower diet: 1kg/day
  • Finisher diet: 3kg/day
242
Q

What age is a sow inseminated?

A

200-220 days

243
Q

How much is a sow fed at the time of insemination?

A

1.5-2kg/day

244
Q

Normal amount of concentrate to feed horse

A

0.5% BW

Oat grain, corn. barley, wheat

245
Q

What happens in each period for dairy heifers?

A

Period:

  1. Development → Weaning
  2. Weaning → Mating
  3. Mating → Calving
  4. Suckling
246
Q

NEl requirement of dairy cows through the phases

A

Phase:

  1. 7 MJ/kg milk
  2. 6.3 MJ/kg milk
  3. 5.9 MJ/kg milk
  4. DRY
  5. DRY
247
Q

Dairy cow: During phase 4 (dry period) of the lactation cycle, we need to ensure…

A
  • Calcium levels are > 6.1 g/100kgbw
  • Phosphorus levels are > 4.2 g/100kgbw
248
Q

Dairy cow: Phase 4 of lactation cycle (dry period): Ideal Cation Anion Balance (CAB)

A

CAB = -50 → -150

Acidic chlorides reduce parturient pariesis (NH4Cl)

249
Q

CP requirement of dairy cow from phase 1 to phase 5 trend

A

Decrease

17-18% → 14-16%

250
Q

When to feed lactating goats concentrate

A
  • 6 weeks before kidding (0.15kg/day)
  • Increase up until kidding (0.4kg/day)
  • 3 weeks of lactation (0.9kg/day)
  • High level production = 1.35kg/day
251
Q

What age and BW are beef cattle weaned?

A
  • 6-7 months
  • 240kg

Remember this is later than dairy cattle!

252
Q

Broiler chick fattening methods and timing

A
  • Semi intensive method (2 phases)
    • Fore rearing: 0 → 18 days (same as ducks)
    • Post rearing: 19 days → Slaughter
  • Intensive method: In closed buildings
  • 3rd method: Intensive until week 8 → Semi-intensive (pasture)
253
Q

Life stages of: Fattening geese

A
  • Starter: 0 → 21 days
  • Grower: 22 → 35 days
  • Finisher: 36 →56 days
254
Q

(Liver) Geese: Periods leading upto force feeding

A
  • Starter period: 6 Weeks
  • Grower period: 5 Weeks
  • Preparation for force feeding: 5-10 days
255
Q

Rabbit: Feed efficiency

A
  • High grain diet: 2-2.3 kg/kg
  • High forage diet: 3-3.8 kg/kg
256
Q

Optimal milk urea level

A

3.5-6 mmol/l

257
Q

Normal ketone body levels in the blood

A
  • BHB: <1 mmol/l
  • Acetoacetate: <0.4 mmol/l
  • Acetoacetone: <0.7 mmol/l
258
Q

Orphaned kitten: How to feed

A
  • 16 ml/100gbw
  • 6-8x/day
  • Room temp
259
Q

Orphaned kitten: How to feed

A
  • 25 ml/100gbw
  • 6-8x/day

Nutrition II Final (1 decks)

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