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Important things Flashcards

1
Q

Actual Measurement

A

Actual measurements that prove that temperature is increasing over time
-actual measurements are geographically sparse and temporally short

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2
Q

Climate Proxy

A

Used to infere past climate when actual measurements arent available

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3
Q

How do you date something?

A
  • Depth
  • [Gas]
  • Ash layer
  • Varves
  • Isotopes
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4
Q

Emission Scenarios

A

How we behave as humans dictates what the earth will look like

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5
Q

Factors that control emissions?

A

CO2 input to the atmosphere

Technology

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6
Q

RCP

A

Representative Concentration Pathways

-Emissions scenarios based on the radiative forcing caused by humans and that occur naturally

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7
Q

Concept from UNFCCC

A

To stabilize global [GHG] in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

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8
Q

Commitment

A

What we can expect based on what we’ve already done

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9
Q

Why model?

A
  • Simplify complex system
  • Better understanding of the system
  • Predicting and policy needs
  • Help understand climate change in the future
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10
Q

Why are models simplified

A
  • Dont know enough about the climate system
  • Computer & Time restraints
  • Simplifying a complex system with ought losing important information
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11
Q

GCM

A

Global Circulation Models

-first models used and didnt include ocean component

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12
Q

AOGCM

A

Atmosphere and Ocean Global Circulation Models

-used to understand the dynamics of the physical components of the climate system and make projections for the future

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13
Q

Earth System Coupled Models

A

Include all known components and systems of the earth

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14
Q

Hatching

A

Small changes relative to internal variability

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15
Q

Stippling

A

Large changes relative to the 86-05 mean and model agreement

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16
Q

Climate Surprise

A

A gap between ones expectation about the likely climate and whats actually occurring in the climate

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17
Q

Expectable Climate surprises

A

Events whose probable occurrence and be predicted, calculated and and anticipated

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18
Q

Unexpectable climate surprises

A

Events who’s occurrence is abrupt and result in a sudden change to the climate system

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19
Q

2 kinds of abrupt changes

A

Aburpt change to the climate system itself

Changes occur slowly but leads to a tipping point in another system

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20
Q

Tipping poit

A

Steady changes in climate that “trigger” abrupt shifts in humans and natural systems

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21
Q

2 rates of acceleration

A

non liner

threshold

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22
Q

PETM

A

Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

  • Temperatures measure from marine sediment isotopes
  • Sudden increase in temperatures caused by fast increase in CO2
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23
Q

Quaternary

A

Fancy word for ice ages

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24
Q

Eccentricity

A

Earth orbit around the sun

-100 000

25
Obliquity
The tilt of the earth | -
26
Precession of the Equinoxs
Combines the wobble and position in orbit
27
A ______ orbit favours ______
Circular | Glacial periods
28
Younger Dryas
Fast cooling event ~11-12,000 years ago
29
Consequences of shutting off the THC
Changes in moisture availability (Cali) Extinctions Atmospheric Transfers across eurasia Coolin north pacific
30
Chironomid
Larval stage of a non bitting midge | -temperature sensitive and can be used as a proxy
31
Diatom
Unicellular brown algae with a glass shell | -sensitive to drought
32
Possible explanations for megafauna extinctions 13,000 years ago
- Climate change - Over hunting - Disease
33
TCH Impacts
- increase in extreme weather - decrease in algae=decrease in fish - Warming in the tropics - Changing rainfall patterns - Reduced CO2 uptake from ocean - disappearance of permanent sea ice - increase climate sensitivity (same []= higher temp)
34
Climate can affect
Physical system Ecosystem Economics Social
35
5 Factors that contribute to the collapse of societies
1. Human impacts on the environment 2. Climate change 3. Friendly neighbours going 4. Hostile neighbours coming 5. Dysfunctional political and cultural practices
36
Thermal Expansion
When water heats up, it expands and takes up more room
37
Mean sea level
The average height of the oceans surface between high and low tides
38
How do you measure mean sea level
- Sea level is constantly measured through gauging stations | - measure one spot and compare it to a reference point. do this multiple times around the world and average it out
39
Eustatic Change
Absolute change in sea level (global)
40
Isostatic Change
Change in sea level relative to land (Regional or local)
41
Orogeny
mountain building (Eustatic)
42
Ice Shelves
Permanently floating sheets of ice attached to a land mass
43
Consequences in florida is sea level rises
Loss of ag do to drought Loss of tourism Loss of Construction Salinization of water (limestone)
44
Urban Centres are 3 things in terms of climate change...
Drivers Affected Sources of response
45
UHI
Urban Heat Islands | -form due to the difference in temperature between city and rural areas
46
Causes of UHI to become warmer
``` Ashfault Shingles Tall Buildings City pollution Vegetation removal ```
47
Dirunal Varitaiton
heat can escape easier than a rural environment due to city structures
48
Stress to water supply of a city comes from
- increased demand - old pipes - upgrade in water quality treatment - Removing vegetation
49
3 Pillars
Environment Economy Society
50
Intra-generational justice
Everyone should be entitled to the same living conditions and lifestyles
51
Inter-generational justice
Thinking about future generations and not leaving the planet in worse shape
52
How to implement mitigation in terms of the law?
Carbon tax and cap and trade | -use of GHG emitting substances is internalized
53
how to implement adaptation in terms of the law?
- Local community rights | - Hydro initiatives
54
How to implement remedy through climate litigations?
Going to court to get the law to determine fate and implement policies
55
Mitigation
Reducing emission
56
Adaptation
Preparing for climate change | -action done after the fact
57
Geoengineering
Deliberate large scale intervention in earths natural systems to counteract climate change
58
2 forms of geoengineering
Carbon cycle modification | Solar radiation management

Climate Change (1 decks)

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