important terms in Sutras

Question 1

yoga

Answer 1

Union of body, mind and soul, and with God

Question 2

aṣṭāṅga yoga

Answer 2

Eight aspects of yoga described by Patañjali as follows -

Question 3

1 yama

Answer 3

Restraints on behaviour

Question 4

2 niyama

Answer 4

Spiritual observances

Question 5

3 āsana

Answer 5

Seat, posture, practice of postures

Question 6

4 prāṇāyāma

Answer 6

Expansion of vital energy through control of breath

Question 7

5 pratyāhāra

Answer 7

Withdrawal of the senses

Question 8

6 dhāraṇā

Answer 8

Concentration

Question 9

7 dhyāna

Answer 9

Meditation

Question 10

8 samādhi

Answer 10

Complete absorption

Question 11

samyama

Answer 11

Integration (of dharana, dhyana and samadhi)

Question 12

citta

Answer 12

Consciousness, composed of three aspects, as follows -

Question 13

1 manas

Answer 13

Mind

Question 14

2 buddhi

Answer 14

Intelligence

Question 15

3 ahaṁkāra

Answer 15

Ego

Question 16

asmitā

Answer 16

Sense of self

Question 17

vṛttis

Answer 17

Thought-waves

Question 18

nirodha

Answer 18

Control, restraint, cessation

Question 19

abhyāsa

Answer 19

Practice

Question 20

vairāgya

Answer 20

Renunciation, detachment

Question 21

sādhana

Answer 21

Practice; discipline in pursuit of a goal

Question 22

sādhaka

Answer 22

Practitioner, aspirant

Question 23

dharma

Answer 23

Science of duty, observance of duties

Question 24

kośa

Answer 24

Sheath, layer

Question 25

kleśa

Answer 25

Affliction

Question 26

avidyā

Answer 26

Ignorance, lack of spiritual knowledge, the root cause of all afflictions

Question 27

duḥkha

Answer 27

Sorrow, grief

Question 28

karma

Answer 28

Action and its results; universal law of cause and effect

Question 29

jñāna

Answer 29

Knowledge, wisdom

Question 30

bhakti

Answer 30

Devotion

Question 31

saṁskāra

Answer 31

Subliminal impressions

Question 32

prāṇa

Answer 32

Life force, vital energy, breath

Question 33

pāda

Answer 33

Part, quarter, chapter

Question 34

puruṣa

Answer 34

The soul, the seer

Question 35

prakṛti

Answer 35

Nature

Question 36

mahat

Answer 36

The great principle of nature, cosmic intelligence

Question 37

guṇas

Answer 37

The qualities of nature -

Question 38

1 sattva

Answer 38

luminosity

Question 39

2 rajas

Answer 39

vibrancy

Question 40

3 tamas

Answer 40

dormancy, inertia

Question 41

kaivalya

Answer 41

Liberation, emancipation

Question 42

Īśvara

Answer 42

God

Question 43

ātman

Answer 43

The individual spirit, seer, soul

Question 44

Brahman

Answer 44

The Universal Spirit