Important Terms Ch 1 And 2

Question 1

Anthropic Principle

Answer 1

The structure of the universe appears to be wired to support the existence of life

Question 2

Egocentrism

Answer 2

Tendency to view one’s personal values, beliefs , etc

Question 3

Ethnocentrism

Answer 3

Tendency to view one’s race or culture as the standard to measure others

Question 4

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 4

Strategies used to protect ourselves from unpleasant personal reflections

Question 5

Rationalization

Answer 5

Justifying things that do not make sense and explaining away things that should be examined

Question 6

Denial

Answer 6

A refusal to acknowledge negative attention

Question 7

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 7

When behaviors are inconsistent with beliefs resulting in mental discomfort

Question 8

Comformity

Answer 8

Following the patterns of others for the sake of acceptance and/ or the avoidance of conflict

Question 9

Overgenralizing

Answer 9

Reaching a conclusion based on a single or few incidents

Question 10

Mind reading

Answer 10

Assuming knowledge about someone’s thoughts, feelings, or motives

Question 11

Filtering

Answer 11

Distorting reality by focusing on the negative while ignoring the positive

Question 12

Catastrophizing

Answer 12

The anticipation of forthcoming disaster

Question 13

Personalizing

Answer 13

Taking everything that happens personally

Question 14

Perfectionism

Answer 14

The pursuit of perfection

Question 15

Reason

Answer 15

Being one’s conclusions on evidence

Question 16

Emotion

Answer 16

The experience of feelings

Question 17

Overgeneralizing

Answer 17

Reaching conclusions on minimal evidence

Question 18

Stereotypes

Answer 18

Men are more rational, women are more emotional

Question 19

Empathy

Answer 19

Understanding another’s perspective, caring about someone and their situation

Question 20

Emotional intelligence

Answer 20

Using emotions and empathy to connect with others

Question 21

Design

Answer 21

1. Whatever we seen design knows that there is a designer
2. The world is filled with design
3. Therefore, the world has a designer

Question 22

Contingency

Answer 22

1. Possible things come to exist only when that which is necessary exists
2. The universe itself is not necessary
3. Thus, there must be a being (God) who is necessary to have brought the universe into existence