Important Terms and People Ch. 1-4

Question 1

Socrates

Answer 1

“Socratic Method”

Question 2

Plato

Answer 2

political power and philosophy meet together = ideal gov.

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

3 forms of gov: monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional gov. (best)

Question 4

Charlemagne

Answer 4

German king who was the “Roman Emperor”

Question 5

Henry II

Answer 5

1. one of England’s most able monarchs

2. Magna Carta (Great Charter)

Question 6

Edward I

Answer 6

1. English Parliament

2. made of of the king’s officials

Question 7

Renaissance

Answer 7

rebirth of Greek and Roman culture

Question 8

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 8

painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician

Question 9

Martin Luther

Answer 9

1. firm believer in religion

2. sparked the Protestant Reformation

Question 10

John Locke

Answer 10

blank slate –> natural rights (rights ppl were born w/)

Question 11

Voltaire

Answer 11

1. “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
2. freedom of speech

Question 12

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 12

1. 3 forms of gov.: republic, despotism, monarchies

2. separation of power –> checks and balances

Question 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 13

men should be free and not in chains –> social contract (restrictions on ppl)

Question 14

Adam Smith

Answer 14

laissez-faire: state should not interfere in the economy

Question 15

Cesare Beccaria

Answer 15

brutal punishments do not deter crime

Question 16

Denis Diderot

Answer 16

28-volume encyclopedia

Question 17

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 17

women’s rights

Question 18

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 18

ppl are selfish, so we have to ive power to an incorruptible being

Question 19

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 19

Bill of Rights