Important Terms Flashcards
involve a conflict between immediate self-interest and longer-term collective interests
Social Dilemmas
situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing its self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Social Trap
any shared resource like air, water, energy sources, and food supplies
Commons
tendency for people to overemphasize personal characteristics (disposition) and underestimate situational factors when explaining someone else’s behavior
Fundamental Attribution Error
motive often change
Evolving motives
two sides’ profits and losses need not add up to zero, both can win; both can lose
Outcomes need not sum to zero
predict tolerance
Contact
goals that unite all in a group and require cooperative effort
Subordinate goals
foundation for resolving disagreements
Communication
seeking an agreement through direct negotiations between parties
Bargaining
attempt by a neutral third party to resolve a conflict by facilitating communications and offering suggestions
Mediation
win-win agreements that reconcile both parties’ interests to their mutual benefits
Integrative Agreements
Mediator aims to replace
win-lose cooperation with a win-win orientation,
adding them to set aside their conflict and instead think
about each other’s needs, interests, and goals.
Win-lose to Win-win
resolution of a conflict by a neutral third party who
studies both sides and imposes a settlement.
Arbitration
Bring two disputing sides together to discuss the
problem with the aim of reaching an agreement
Conciliation
The basic idea is that one side can initiate de-escalation
by making a small, unilateral (one-sided) concession to
the other side
GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension
Reduction)
Behavior undertaken to help another individual, and for
which an internal or external reward may be received
Prosocial Behavior
These are prosocial actions that serve
self-benefitting purposes.
Proactive
These are actions that are performed in
response to individual needs.
Reactive
These include actions that are meant to
help others without any expectations of personal gain.
Altruistic
Behaviors that harms others, and often manifested in
total disregard to others and how they feel
Antisocial Behavior
when
individuals treat others in a harsh way, are indifferent
to what others are feeling, and agitate others with no
feeling of remorse or guilt.
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
Kin selection suggests that helping family
members increases the survival chances of
shared genes.
Evolutionary Influences (Kin Theory)
Prosocial actions can boost self-image, lead to
reciprocal kindness, and provide a sense of
fulfillment
Personal Benefits
