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AP Lang > Important Terms > Flashcards

Important Terms Flashcards

1
Q

apostrophe

A

speech or address to someone who isn’t present or is an object

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2
Q

allegory

A

story with a hidden meaning

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3
Q

extended metaphor

A

a metaphor that is addressed multiple times

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4
Q

hyperbole

A

an extreme exaggeration

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5
Q

dramatic irony

A

when the reader knows something the characters do not

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6
Q

situational irony

A

when the opposite of what’s expected happens

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7
Q

verbal irony

A

when the opposite of what’s really meant is said (sarcasm)

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8
Q

metaphor

A

a comparison between two things without using ‘like’ or ‘as’

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9
Q

metonymy

A

an object or idea that isn’t identified by it’s own name BUT SOMETHING SIMILAR

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10
Q

onomatopoeia

A

a word that imitates the sound it represents

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11
Q

oxymoron

A

two contradictory ideas near each other

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12
Q

paradox

A

when a statement or idea contridicts itself

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13
Q

personification

A

giving an object or idea human traits

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14
Q

pun

A

similar/identical sounds with different meanings

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15
Q

rhetorical question

A

a question not meant to be answered

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16
Q

synecdoche

A

referring to a part of a larger object or idea

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17
Q

alliteration

A

the same sound at the beginning of multiple words in a phrase

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18
Q

anaphora

A

the same beginning word in a series of sentences or phrases

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19
Q

antimetabole

A

repetition of words but in a different order (ex the going gets tough, the tough gets going)

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20
Q

antithesis

A

opposites or strongly contrasting ideas are placed next to each other to create strong juxaposition

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21
Q

asyndeton

A

when words like “and” & “or” are removed from sentences

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22
Q

chiasmus

A

a type of antimetabole, second half of an expression is balanced against the first

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23
Q

parallelism

A

two or more parts of a sentence having the same structure

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24
Q

polysyndeton

A

when words like “and” & “or” are used in sentences

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25
Q

zeugma

A

a word used to convey two different definitions of the word at the same time

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26
Q

allusion

A

an expression that references another story or event

27
Q

analogy

A

a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification

28
Q

aphorism

A

concise and forcefully expressive observation that contains a general truth (ex if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it)

29
Q

archaic diction

A

use of a word that’s out dated (ex Shakespeare’s lexicon)

30
Q

caricature

A

an extreme exaggeration, is typically a physical piece of media but does not have to be

31
Q

colloquialism

A

common way of speaking, slang

32
Q

conceit

A

fanciful expression in sentences, it’s an elaborate metaphor (ex the wind sings through the high alp mountains)

33
Q

connotation

A

emotional feeling of a word, idea or feeling that a word invokes as well as it’s actual meaning (ex the word “discipline”)

34
Q

denotation

A

direct definition of the word, the actual meaning of a word, in contrast to the feeling or ideas that the word suggests (ex the word “Hollywood”)

35
Q

epigram

A

short, witty saying that may rhyme (typically funny)

36
Q

euphemism

A

watering down a word so that the meaning is not as harsh or blunt (ex “passed away” instead of “died”)

37
Q

homily

A

the explanation of the gospel by the priest

38
Q

juxtaposition

A

two things being placed close together that contrast each other (ex jumbo shrimp)

39
Q

parody

A

an imitation of the style of some form of media with purposeful exaggeration for comic effect (ex Weird Al’s music videos)

40
Q

satire

A

not as creative as a parody, use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose & criticize people’s stupidity or vices (ex SNL)

41
Q

simile

A

a comparison using the word “like” or “as” (ex he was as cool as a cucumber)

42
Q

symbol/ symbolism

A

a thing that represents or stands for something else (ex royal crown symbolizes royalty)

43
Q

tone

A

general character or attitude of a piece of writing (ex cheerful, dry, & assertive)

44
Q

understatement

A

making something seem less extreme, smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is (ex saying I didn’t sleep well when I didn’t sleep at all)

45
Q

fragment

A

a small part broken or separated from the main object (ex the word “night” in “midnight”)

46
Q

independent clause

A

a group of words that expresses a complete thought, a sentence that could be it’s own sentence

47
Q

subordinate clause

A

a part of a sentence that is connected to the main clause of a sentence but could not stand alone as it’s own sentemce

48
Q

periodic sentence

A

most important part is at the end of the sentence, complex sentence that has no subordinate or trailing elements following its principal clause

49
Q

cumulative (loose) sentence

A

when the independent clause comes first in a sentence followed by dependent clauses & phrases (other details)

50
Q

declarative sentence

A

a simple sentece structure, consists of a subject & a predicate (ex my dog is sick or it is a nice day)

51
Q

interrogative sentence

A

a sentence that asks a question (ex Is your mom feeling well?)

52
Q

horatory/ hortative

A

something that urges an action (ex let’s go now)

53
Q

coordinating conjunction

A

conjunction placed between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences (ex all fanboys words)

54
Q

subordinating conjunction

A

word that links a dependent clause to an independent clause (ex “than,” “whether,” or “still”)

55
Q

simple sentence

A

sentence with a subject & a verb, could also have object modifiers (ex Joe waited for the (blue) train)

56
Q

compound sentence

A

two or more separate clauses connected by a coordinate conjunction

57
Q

complex sentence

A

sentence that has an independent clause with one or more subordinate clauses, used to provide more information

58
Q

compound-complex sentence

A

sentence with at least two independent clauses or one or more dependent clauses, the first part cannot stand alone (ex although my friends begged me, I didn’t want to go to the class reunion)

59
Q

subject complement

A

word or phrase that follows a linking verb and identifies or describes the subject (ex the box is colorful)

60
Q

antecedent

A

a sentence that is put in chronological order (ex Mary saw John and called to him)

61
Q

appositive

A

noun or a noun phrase that renames the noun next to it, adds information about another noun (ex the car, a gray SUV, was completely filled)

62
Q

inversion

A

syntactic reversal of the normal order of the words & phrases in a sentence (ex “the form divine” rather than “the divine form”

63
Q

predicate adjectives

A

adjectives that modify or describe the subject of a sentence or clause, linked to the subject by a linking verb (ex the joke was FUNNY)

64
Q

predicate nominative

A

noun that completes a linking verb & renames the subject (ex Ben is a fireman means Ben is the same as a fireman, and can be described in that way, FIREMAN is the version of this device)

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