important stuff

Question 1

positioning for tone

Answer 1

low tone: supine with small pillow under head
high tone: sidelying, pillow under top UE (shoulder in neutral)

Question 2

PBIS (positive behavioral intervention & support)

Answer 2

Tier 1: all kids
Tier 2: at risk kids (social skills group training)
Tier 3: not responding to bottom tiers (family/individual counseling)

Question 3

if a child has poor handwriting due to developmental coordination disorder, compensatory strategies include

Answer 3

keyboarding

Question 4

what type of contracture occurs in C5?

Answer 4

supination contracture- place FA in pronation, elbow in extension

Question 5

what can prevent orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 5

progressive daily head up tilts, compression garments (abdominal binder, pressure stockings)

Question 6

how does blood pressure change in orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 6

systolic (top) decreases by 20 mmHg
diastolic (bottom) decreases by 10 mmHg

Question 7

essential AE for C5 & C6

Answer 7

C5: mobile arm support, universal cuff, padded shower bench
C6: tenodesis splint, transfer board, built up handles

Question 8

hypertrophic scar

Answer 8

thick, rigid, confined to burn area, appear 6-8 weeks after wound closes, most deep 2nd & 3rd degree burns

Question 9

keloid scar

Answer 9

thick raised, extends beyond burn area, appear 3 months after burn happens

Question 10

what could be added to splints for scar management?

Answer 10

silicone inserts

Question 11

when is intrinsic plus used?

Answer 11

dorsal/circumferential hand burns

Question 12

when does scar management occur following grafting?

Answer 12

6-12 weeks after wound closure

Question 13

aftercare of burns

Answer 13

1. sensitivity to hot & cold temps (graft & donor site)
2. unscented lotion/mineral oil many times per day after healing
3. avoid prolonged sun exposure
4. protein rich diet

Question 14

built up handles are used for

Answer 14

poor grip

Question 15

weighted handles are used for

Answer 15

tremor

Question 16

rubber/coated spoon is used for

Answer 16

tonic bite reflex

Question 17

universal cuff is used for

Answer 17

C5 SCI, after burns if the UE is immobilized/splinted

Question 18

what interferes with ADLs in early stage of burns?

Answer 18

edema & bulky dressings—use AE short term (long handled spoon, built up handle knife)

Question 19

THR precautions

Answer 19

anterior: no hip extension, no ER, no adduction
posterior: no hip flexion past 90 degrees, no IR, no adduction

Question 20

TKR precautions

Answer 20

no pivoting/twisting, no squatting, no kneeling on affected knee, knee may be immobilized postop, knee must be flat/straight in bed

Question 21

bed positioning for THR

Answer 21

SUPINE is BEST with pillow between legs (abduction wedge), toes pointed towards ceiling, don’t bend affected leg
- can do sidelying but need 2 pillows between legs, don’t let affected leg cross mudline, never turn toes down or throw leg in front of you

Question 22

lower back surgery precautions

Answer 22

BLT: no bending, lifting, twisting
- bend at hips/knee, turn entire body when carrying things, log roll in bed

Question 23

bed position for TKR

Answer 23

supine with knee straight, no pillow (can use ice if knee hurts)

Question 24

neck precations

Answer 24

BLT & pushing/pulling items, no lifting 5-10lbs, no overhead lifting/arms overhead, no bending neck down to look at phone/book
- elevate head of bed 30 deg MAX, no pillow

Question 25

cardiac/thoracic surgery precautions

Answer 25

in place for 12 weeks - no isometrics - avoid arms behind back, pushing/pulling through arms (no reaching), limit arm elevation to 90 deg - when coughing, support sternum with cushion or arms in self hugging - limit arm use when transferring sit to stand or out of bed

Question 26

movement/exercise groups based on imitation occur at ACL

Answer 26

Level 2: postural actions

Question 27

repetition, simple crafts occur at ACL

Answer 27

3: manual actions

Question 28

new learning, trial & error occurs at ACL

Answer 28

5: exploratory

Question 29

familiar routines short tasks occur at ACL

Answer 29

4: goal directed

Question 30

can live alone at ACL

Answer 30

4.6

Question 31

can drive at ACL

Answer 31

5.6

Question 32

running stitch ACL determines

Answer 32

BADL abilities

Question 33

whip stitch ACL determines

Answer 33

problem solving (if the smoke alarm goes off

Question 34

cordovan stitch ACL determines

Answer 34

ability to process info (hold a job, drive, take care of others)

Question 35

key to stability wth wheelchair is

Answer 35

pelvis position (base of support)

Question 36

tilt vs recline wcs

Answer 36

tilt: good for pressure release, high tone (SCI) - body position does not change recline: not good for high tone (can increase it) - body position changes, good for hip precautions

Question 37

thigh supports are best for

Answer 37

windswept deformity (control abd/add)

Question 38

professional development unit =

Answer 38

1 contact hr of participation in professional development

Question 39

blocked practice

Answer 39

practicing same skill/task over and over in short period of time

Question 40

what stage of dementia involves wandering/safety?

Answer 40

stage 2: middle/mod (stage 5 on Riesburg scale)

Question 41

in what stage of PD can a person no longer live alone?

Answer 41

stage 4

Question 42

dyspnea control positions (COPD)

Answer 42

- seated: bend forward slightly at waist, lean FAs on table/thighs - standing: lean FW, prop self on counter/shopping cart

Question 43

what is target 02 for COPD?

Answer 43

88-92%

Question 44

symptoms of DVT

Answer 44

pain/swelling on one leg, red/discolored skin, warm feeling, NO PAMS

Question 45

phases of cardiac rehab & their corresponding MET levels

Answer 45

Phase 1: inpatient (MET 1-2, target is 3-5) Phase 2: outpatient/subacute/convalescence (MET 4-5, target is 5-6) Phase 3: maintenance/community reintegration (MET 5-6)

Question 46

absolute contraindications for cardiac rehab (inpatient/outpatient)

Answer 46

unstable angina, acute MI (within 2 days), uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias, acute PE/infarction, acute myocarditis/pericarditis, acute aortic dissection

Question 47

circumstantiality

Answer 47

digress from point, nondirect thinking/speech

Question 48

existential factors

Answer 48

change comes from self

Question 49

inpersonal learning occurs when

Answer 49

receiving feedback (input)

Question 50

errorless learning

Answer 50

activity set up so client does not make error (severe memory issue, skill training)

Question 51

scaffolding

Answer 51

patient does more of task over time

Question 52

needs assessment

Answer 52

eval need for program: includes - community eval/capacity - public transportation - volunteer opportunities - use methods to determine needs (survey, ect) - collect data - SWOT analysis - determine priorities - create plan

Question 53

transitional employment programs (TEPs)

Answer 53

temporary, paid, last 3-6 months with d/c to sheltered employment, supportive employment, or competitive employment - support at pre-arranged job - ends when patient shows job independence

Question 54

supported employment

Answer 54

permanent - client chooses job, receives support (onsite/assessment) for that current role, gov funded

Question 55

in house jobs

Answer 55

clubhouse, day tx - can get transitional employment in clubhouse/paid/temporary

Question 56

order of intervention methods

Answer 56

adjunctive --> enabling --> purposeful --> occupation based

Question 57

sheltered employment

Answer 57

for disabled, with supervision at separate environment from usual work site, below min wage pay - offers prevocational training

Question 58

prevocational training

Answer 58

in prep for competitive training, gov funded

Question 59

ROOD approach

Answer 59

need motivation to move, normal tone = normal movement, repetition, controlled sensory stim = responses

Question 60

how to facilitate tone

Answer 60

for low tone to increase, wake up muscles, unpredictable movements - tapping - stroking - vibration - brushing - icing - resistance - vestibular

Question 61

how to inhibit tone

Answer 61

for high tone to decrease, calm down muscles, predictable movements - start with something calming/sensory - deep pressure - slow swinging/stroking - rocking - prolonged stretch (30 seconds)

Question 62

Brunnstrom

Answer 62

for CVA - regress to primitive after CVA, spastic/flaccidity normal part of recovery

Question 63

PNF

Answer 63

manually facilitate weak muscles - spiral & diagonal movements - reflexive --> volitional movement - development occurs head to tail

Question 64

NDT/Bobath

Answer 64

key points of control, neuroplasticity, weight bearing, bilateral activities - NO COMPENSATORY strategies - very regulated sensory stim

Question 65

clearance width of a doorway (ideal)

Answer 65

36 inches - min is 32 inches

Question 66

how wide should hallways be?

Answer 66

36 inches

Question 67

what should ramp slope be?

Answer 67

ideal is 1:16-1:20 (max is 1:12)

Question 68

wc dimensions

Answer 68

avg width: 24-26 inches rim to rim avg length: 42-43 inches

Question 69

accessible door handles include

Answer 69

lever, loop

Question 70

best shower for a wc

Answer 70

stand alone/zero entry shower that is barrier free in wet room (completely open, no transferring needed)

Question 71

best flooring for wc use

Answer 71

vinyl, ceramic, mosaic (no rugs)

Question 72

average height of a toilet

Answer 72

17-18 inches tall

Question 73

how many grab bars should be in the bathroom

Answer 73

1 near toilet, 2 near shower, 3 near tub

Question 74

best wc cushions for pressure distribution

Answer 74

alternating pressure, air, gel, hybrid

Question 75

contoured seats on wc are for

Answer 75

posterior pelvic tilt

Question 76

anti thrust seats on wc are for

Answer 76

anterior pelvic tilt

Question 77

pommel on wc is for

Answer 77

prevent sliding, reduce hip IR, prevent knees from touching

Question 78

what is required for weight bearing?

Answer 78

need some tone, can't be totally flaccid - regulates tone (high or low tone use)

Question 79

direction of recovery

Answer 79

proximal to distal

Question 80

speech to text is known as

Answer 80

voice recognition/dictation, best for learning disabilities

Question 81

text to speech is best for

Answer 81

learning disabilities to listen to what is on a screen

Question 82

augmentative communication device

Answer 82

any device providing nonverbal communication - low tech: picture board - high tech: electronic picture communication device - operated via hand, touch screen, push button, switch, eye gaze

Question 83

who uses augmentative communication devices?

Answer 83

ASD (need enough perceptual, cognitive ability to select picture related to wants/needs)

Question 84

twitch switch

Answer 84

for high cervical SCI- contracting muscle fibers of a single muscle provide single funcion

Question 85

switch devices

Answer 85

enlarge ON and OFF buttons (can be hand, mouth, head, any other active movements)

Question 86

ischemic CVA

Answer 86

embolism - thrombotic: clot at the site of CVA (geriatric) - embolic: clot travels from another area (afib)

Question 87

hemorrhagic CVA

Answer 87

blood vessel bursts, more fatal - subarachnoid: bleeding between skull & brain due to aneurysm - intracerebral: blood vessel in brain ruptures, causing bleeding inside brain

Question 88

contraindications of RA

Answer 88

no heat, NO resistance, NO isotonics, NO active or passive stretches, NO inappropriate splints

Question 89

MS contrainidications

Answer 89

no heat, no PAMS (esp heat), no extreme physical stress - strengthening MUST be gradual - keep hips in 90 deg flexion to reduce LE extensor tone

Question 90

when to not use a goni

Answer 90

unhealed fx, post surgery if movement disrupts healing process, osteoporosis/fragile bones, immediately after injury (disruption of soft tissue likely), joint dislocation

Question 91

when to be cautious with using a goni

Answer 91

joint infection/inflammation, severe pain aggravated by movement, hypermobility or instability

Question 92

contraindications with dialysis

Answer 92

no endurance-related activities on days of dialysis due to extreme fatigue

Question 93

what RLA level is considered inpatient TBI?

Answer 93

level 5 & up

Question 94

which RLA level does new learning occur?

Answer 94

level 8 (purposeful, appropriate)

Question 95

fluidotherapy

Answer 95

superficial heat- via convection - used for hand/wrist, post fx, arthritis, chronic tendonitis, Raynauds

Question 96

what are the contraindications for using thermotherapy (superficial heat)?

Answer 96

no open wounds, no pregnancy, no sensory issues, no DVT, no circulation issues, no cancer, no hypertension

Question 97

which medication is most commonly used with phonophoresis?

Answer 97

hydrocortisone

Question 98

which medication is most commonly used with iontophoresis?

Answer 98

dexmethasone

Question 99

phonophoresis

Answer 99

administering topical meds into body via ultrasound to decrease inflammation & accelerate repair/healing

Question 100

LOS in different settings

Answer 100

- inpatient/acute care: 1-7 days - subacute: 5-30 days - long term acute care hospital: 25+ days - rehabilitation hospital: week-months - long term hospital: month-yrs - SNF: month-life - forensic setting: depends on court order - outpatient: no hospitalization, depends on insurance & needs

Question 101

residential program

Answer 101

deficits with independent living - halfway houses, group homes, supportive apartments with weekly/biweekly checks in - 24 hr supervised quarter way houses

Question 102

work conditioning

Answer 102

involves 1 discipline, biomechanical - improve strength/endurance to RTW - strengthen muscles specific to job tasks - takes place 1-3 hrs a day, 5 days a week, 1-3 months

Question 103

work hardening

Answer 103

involves multiple disciplines, biomechanical - focused on outcomes, work simulation (strength/endurance), materials same as job site, may be partially completed at job site - includes FCE, adjust to vocational retraining - freq: 5 days a week and increases an hr each week until reaching 8 weeks - graded hierarchy of functional return

Question 104

core of all RTW programs

Answer 104

FCE

Question 105

FCE

Answer 105

objective assessment of RTW ability - medical records, interview, musculoskeletal screening (functional testing, positional tolerance activities, pain monitoring, eval endurance), physical performance, recommendations, report (limitations to meet job demands) - obtain physical demands via ONET or via employer

Question 106

job demands analysis

Answer 106

defines actual job demands, real work environment, distinguishes essential vs nonessential tasks - questionnaire, interview, observation, formal assessment

Question 107

vocational rehab

Answer 107

job training & placement for the disabled (state & fed run)

Question 108

conceptual apraxia

Answer 108

tool selection, how to use tools

Question 109

ideational apraxia

Answer 109

issues with multiple sequences, confused with using tools to sequence

Question 110

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 110

understands but can't carry out verbal commands

Question 111

oral apraxia

Answer 111

understands but can't carry out communication movements

Question 112

standard dimensions of an adult (wc) (W x D x H)

Answer 112

18 x 16 x 19.5

Question 113

standard dimensions of a narrow adult (wc)

Answer 113

16 x 16 x 19.5

Question 114

standard dimensions of a slim adult (wc)

Answer 114

14 x 16 x 19.5

Question 115

standard dimensions of a wide width adult (wc)

Answer 115

20 x 16 x 19.5

Question 116

standard dimensions of a junior (wc)

Answer 116

16 x 16 x 18.5

Question 117

standard dimensions of a child (wc)

Answer 117

14 x 11.5 x 18.76

Question 118

standard dimensions of a tiny tot (wc)

Answer 118

12 x 11.5 x 19.5

Question 119

how to determine width of a wheelchair seat

Answer 119

measure widest part of hips/thighs and ADD 2 inches for bulky clothes

Question 120

how to determine seat depth of a wheelchair seat

Answer 120

measure from back of butt to popliteal fossa (behind knee) then SUBTRACT 2 inches - measure both legs & take greatest length

Question 121

seat height of a wheelchair including footrests

Answer 121

footrests need 2 inch clearance from floor - standard height of wheelchair seat is 19-20 inches - hemi height: 17.5 inches - superlow: 14.5 inches ALL affected by the cushion

Question 122

what happens if the armrests are too high or low

Answer 122

too high: shoulder elevation too low: leaning forward

Question 123

posey drop seat cushion

Answer 123

pommel in front middle (between legs), used with drop (lowered) seat - prevents hip adduction (legs from crossing)

Question 124

arm trough

Answer 124

mounts on WC armrest, positions flaccid UE - can have elevated insert to reduce/prevent edema

Question 125

wheelchair adaptations for CVA

Answer 125

one arm drive, gel/memory foam solid seat, elevated arm rest

Question 126

wheelchair adaptations for spina bifida

Answer 126

adapted back (for myelomeningocele), pressure relief cushions (ROHO)

Question 127

minimum turning radius accommodation according to the ADA for wc

Answer 127

180 deg turn = 60 inches for standard wc, 360 deg turn = 60 x 60

Question 128

form constancy

Answer 128

can't recognize an object when it changes/varies from norm

Question 129

visual closure

Answer 129

can't recognize object partially covered/missing

Question 130

Broca's aphasia

Answer 130

frontal lobe - no expressive speech, slow, many pauses, word omission/rhythm issues

Question 131

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 131

temporal lobe - no auditory comprehension, no meaning to speech)

Question 132

somatoagnosia

Answer 132

can't recognize own body parts & their relation (may put arm through leg hole of pants

Question 133

anosognosia

Answer 133

unaware of their deficits

Question 134

astereognosis/tactile agnosia

Answer 134

can't recognize items by touch

Question 135

pursuits

Answer 135

smooth eye movements

Question 136

accomodation

Answer 136

eyes maintain/change focus when looking at different distances (like a camera)

Question 137

ideal sitting posture for hemiparesis

Answer 137

hips flexed 90, shoulders over hips, arms relaxed in lap, not providing sitting support from UEs

Question 138

hemiparesis ideal lying posture

Answer 138

side lying, affected UE in protraction of arm forward

Question 139

what are the main effects of hemiparesis in the UE?

Answer 139

edema, joint contracture, weakness

Question 140

dysesthesia

Answer 140

unusual touch sensation

Question 141

transverse myelitis

Answer 141

spinal cord inflammation

Question 142

intrinsic minus

Answer 142

claw hand

Question 143

arteriovenous malformation

Answer 143

tangled blood vessels, irregular vein & artery connections, can rupture and cause bleeding in brain & SC

Question 144

body powered prosthetic

Answer 144

lightweight, cheaper, can use outside, provides sensory and prop feedback, does not look natural, requires training to use - activated via body motion, functional

Question 145

terminal device

Answer 145

prosthetic foot or hand, shock absorber, stable weight bearing surface

Question 146

level of significance

Answer 146

p < 0.05 (rejects null, there is statistical significance/relationship)

Question 147

construct validity

Answer 147

how well assessment measures skill/attribute it claims to measure

Question 148

inter rater reliability

Answer 148

how well assessment gives same results when administered by 2 DIFFERENT raters (scale from 0-1.0, closer to 1.0 means stronger IRR)

Question 149

intra rater reliability

Answer 149

how well assessment gives SAME results when administered by SAME rater on more than 2 occasions (compare differences via correlation)

Question 150

test retest reliability

Answer 150

how well assessment gives same results when administered 2x under SAME conditions

Question 151

heuristic study

Answer 151

qualitative- researcher personally experiences phenomenon

Question 152

ethnographic study

Answer 152

study of characteristics of cultural group via observation

Question 153

grounded theory

Answer 153

data is collected first, analyzed, and then hypothesis is drawn - inductive method

Question 154

z score

Answer 154

desired confidence level

Question 155

typical z scores

Answer 155

99% = 2.576 95% = 1.96 90% = 1.645

Question 156

at what standard deviation is OT service needed?

Answer 156

below -2.0 means significantly delayed in skills compared to norm

Question 157

strong correlation coefficient is r =

Answer 157

0.08 or higher

Question 158

infection control precations

Answer 158

1. hand hygiene 2. isolation systems 3. sterilization

Question 159

CRPS contraindications

Answer 159

no PROM, no cold modalities, no serial casting or dynamic splinting, joint mobilization, passive stretching

Question 160

allodynia

Answer 160

sensation misinterpreted as pain

Question 161

hyperalgesia

Answer 161

increased response to pain

Question 162

hyperpathia

Answer 162

exaggerated sometimes delayed response to sensory

Question 163

tx for pusher's syndrome

Answer 163

visual cue (mirror) to facilitate upright posture & midline orientation

Question 164

contraindications for dementia

Answer 164

don't rearrange furniture, introduce new learning, introduce AE, don't change the demands of the task, don’t write goals where they should improve something

Question 165

contraindications for COPD

Answer 165

use pulse ox on fingertips during tx to monitor O2 - if O2 falls below 90%, stop activity & allow rest for it to return to normal - if O2 does not return, end session & contact MD

Question 166

what requires greater endurance for COPD patients?

Answer 166

humidity, pollution, stagnant air, extreme temperatures, UE activity, standing activity

Question 167

DBT

Answer 167

form of CBT focused on addressing suicidal thoughts/actions/self injury - for borderline PD, depression, substance abuse, eating disorder - for assertiveness, coping, interpersonal skills in group opportunities to practice new skills

Question 168

assessments associated with recovery model

Answer 168

COPM, AMPS, Barth time construction, WRI

Question 169

for body neglect, tx includes

Answer 169

bilateral activities, guiding affected side through activity, increasing sensory stim on affected side

Question 170

tx for aphasia

Answer 170

decrease external auditory stimulation, give increased response time, visual cues/gestures, concise sentences, augmentative communication devices

Question 171

conditional reasoning

Answer 171

ongoing revision of treatment

Question 172

if someone is having a seizure, what is the best position to place them in?

Answer 172

side lying

Question 173

Contraindications for RTC tendinitis

Answer 173

No activities above shoulder level until pains stops, avoid sleeping with arm overhead, avoid combined adduction/IR

Question 174

Contraindications for shoulder dislocation

Answer 174

Avoid combined abduction & ER for anterior dislocation

Question 175

Protocol for shock

Answer 175

1. Medical assistance ASAP (is life threatening) 2. Try to determine cause, check BP/pulse 3. Place in SUPINE, head slightly LOWER than legs (if there is impaired respiration or head/chest injuries, then keep head & chest slightly ELEVATED) 4. DO NOT add heat but prevent loss of body heat via cool compress on the head, cover with light blanket 5. Keep patient quiet until help comes (don’t allow exertion)

Question 176

Symptoms of myasthenia gravis

Answer 176

Fatigue, progressive muscle/limb weakness (prox to distal), impaired face muscles with slurred speech, ptosis, diplopia, dysphasia, unsteady walk, diff breathing - END STAGE: quadriparesis, respiratory failure

Question 177

High fowler’s position

Answer 177

For dyspnea - pt in bed, head of bed upright at 90 deg, footboard to support pt’s feet

Question 178

Tx for fall prevention

Answer 178

Active/resistive strengthening, PROM, coordination training, balance/transfer/mobility training

Question 179

What to do for poor contrast

Answer 179

Colored strips on stair edges, solid colors (no patterns) in primary colors (black & white)

Question 180

Bouchards nodes

Answer 180

PIP

Question 181

Herberdens nodes

Answer 181

DIP

Question 182

Which PAMS can be used for OA?

Answer 182

Paraffin on the hands, fluidotherapy, hot packs, e-stim, hydrotherapy

Question 183

What to avoid during inflammatory stage of OA

Answer 183

Isometrics & isotonics, hot packs, PROM, no pinching, MMT (during eval)

Question 184

Prudence

Answer 184

Clinical & ethical reasoning skills, sound judgement/reflection, used to make clinical decisions in professional & volunteer roles

Question 185

Order of attention progress after TBI

Answer 185

Sustained —> selective —> alternating —> divided

Question 186

Splints used in acute phase of TBI

Answer 186

Resting/functional splint, cone splint (to keep fingers from digging into palm), antispasticity, elbow cast for loss of PROM in elbow flexors

Question 187

Complications of a TBI

Answer 187

Postraumatic seizures (after mod/severe TBI), hydrocephalus, DVT, heterotropic ossification, spasticity, GI issues, gait, agitation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, insomnia, cog decline, post trauma headaches, post trauma depression (substance abuse, emotional expression disregard, aggressive outbursts, anxiety)

Question 188

Posterior cord syndrome

Answer 188

Prop loss (Pain, temp, touch, varying motor is perserved)

Question 189

Cauda equina

Answer 189

Secondary to ruptured disc, lumbar/sacral roots compressed from disc material pushed into SC - loss of bowel/bladder control, sensation, possible paralysis

Question 190

Conus medullaris

Answer 190

Tethered cord (congenital, linked to spina bifida or due to scar tissue from SCI) - LE weak, pain, sensory, bowel/bladder loss

Question 191

Anterior cord/Beck’s

Answer 191

due to atherosclerosis, aortic block, external compression from herniated disc, trauma, flexor of vascular mechanism - complete motor, pain, temp, bowel/bladder loss - OH - prop, vibration, 2 point discrim preserved

Question 192

Brown sequard

Answer 192

Spinal cord lesion due to puncture wound, tumor, infection, inflammatory disease, tissue death from obstructed BV - ipsilateral: motor, vibratory, sensation, prop loss - contralateral: pain, temp loss

Question 193

Zone of partial preservation

Answer 193

Used ONLY with ASIA A COMPLETE SCI, not for incomplete - extent of ZPP = lowest segment with some sensory/motor function, recorded for both sides with single segment recorded

Question 194

Requirements to receive ASIA C or D grade

Answer 194

Voluntary anal sphincter contraction OR sacral sensory sparing (S4-S5 or DAP) with motor function spared more then 3 levels below motor level on that side of the body

Question 195

Kyphosis

Answer 195

Round back, posterior convexity in upper back, lumbar spine flexion - POSTERIOR pelvic tilt - due to spina bifida cystica, arthritis

Question 196

Windswept deformity

Answer 196

Pelvis rotates laterally, thighs move to other side

Question 197

Pelvic obliquity

Answer 197

One side of pelvis lower than the other, scoliosis posture & pressure ulcers on ischial tuberosity

Question 198

Central cord syndrome

Answer 198

Due to neck hyperflexion (trauma, herniated disc), most common incomplete SCI - UE more affected: paralysis, FM loss, motor loss - LE: sensation, bowel/bladder loss

Question 199

Radial nerve

Answer 199

C5-T1, responsible for wrist extension, posterior arm & hand movement - deformity: wrist drop - test: thumbs up/hitchhiker

Question 200

Wartenburg’s syndrome

Answer 200

In superficial radial nerve branch - entrapment of the branch - sensory deficits

Question 201

Neuropraxia

Answer 201

Minor peripheral nerve compression/contusion

Question 202

Axonotmesis

Answer 202

More severe, axon damage

Question 203

Neorotmesis

Answer 203

Most severe, complete disruption, need surgery

Question 204

Humeral fx protocol

Answer 204

PROM at 1-3 wks postop, AAROM at 4-6 wks postop, AROM at 6-8 wks postop

Question 205

With fx, what is the order of strengthening?

Answer 205

Start with ISOMETRICS (static) —> isotonics

Question 206

What should be done with a splint to reduce edema post burn?

Answer 206

Ace wrap the splint

Question 207

How to measure edema after a burn

Answer 207

Circumferential measurements (no volumeter)

Question 208

Protocol following a graft

Answer 208

Splint hand in safe position for 5-7 days for graft to take/wounds to heal - AROM/PROM when graft has fully adhered

Question 209

Cohort study

Answer 209

Follows a select group of people over time to analyze risk factors (longitudinal study- both quantitative/qualitative)

Question 210

Case control study

Answer 210

Qualitative study - observational study where 2 groups of people (1 with condition, 1 without) are compared

Question 211

WC adaptations for THR

Answer 211

Reclining back with hip at less than 90 deg flexed, pommel cushion or hip abductor, pelvic strap, elevating foot rests

Question 212

Elevating footrests

Answer 212

Control edema post op

Question 213

For swing doors, what is the clearance for singing towards/away?

Answer 213

Towards: 18 inches (min) Away: 12 inches (min)

Question 214

How tall and long should sales/service counters be?

Answer 214

Height: 28-36 inches from floor to counter top Length: 36 inches (parallel), 30 inches (forward)

Question 215

Reading pen

Answer 215

Pen sized text scanner to hear word pronunciation (text to speech) for TBI, cog issues, learning disabilities

Question 216

Word prediction

Answer 216

Predict what user will type based on first 1 or 2 keystrokes - learning disabilities - FM issues, typing issues (reduces keystrokes)

Question 217

L hemisphere of the brain deficts

Answer 217

Logic, speech, apraxia, agraphia, acalculia, alexia - slow, cautions, easily frustrated, unmotivated

Question 218

R hemisphere of the brain deficits

Answer 218

L neglect, dysphasia, dysarthria, short attention, visual spatial, perceptual - impulsive, denies deficits, talks excessively, inappropriate commands

Question 219

Cerebellar deficits

Answer 219

Balance & coordination, eye movement (nystagmus), ocular dysmetria, poor pursuits, abnormal head/torso reflexes, ataxia, dysarthria, dizzy/nausea, vomiting, headaches

Question 220

Causes of intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 220

AVM, hypertension

Question 221

3rd degree burns treatment

Answer 221

- Acute phase: positioning, splinting, PROM/AROM, edema control, ADLs/functional movement as tolerated - Inpatient rehab phase: positioning, splinting, continue AROM/PROM, edema, scar management, self ROM, therapeutic activities, client/caregiver ed, ADLs - outpatient rehab: splinting, positioning, continue ther ex/activity, HEP, ADLs, RTW, IADLs

Question 222

Myopia

Answer 222

Near sighted

Question 223

Hyperopia

Answer 223

Far sighted

Question 224

Cataracts

Answer 224

Central vision affected, cloudy lens (hardens/thickens) DEFICITS: acuity, GLARE, faded colors, blur/haze, night vision, contrast

Question 225

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 225

Central & peripheral vision affected DEFICITS: floaters, blur/haze, dark areas, color discrimination, contrast, blind spot/scotomas

Question 226

Macular degeneration

Answer 226

Central vision affected DEFICITS: acuity, blur/wavy lines, contrast, blank spot in vision

Question 227

Metamorphosia

Answer 227

Spinning/swirling images (MD)

Question 228

Charles Bonnet syndrome

Answer 228

Visual hallucinations (MD)

Question 229

Glaucoma

Answer 229

Peripheral vision loss, moves towards central - DEFICITS: tunnel vision, scanning, acuity, contrast, light sensitivity, glare sensitivity, night vision

Question 230

Oculomotor dysfunction

Answer 230

Diplopia, drooping eyelid, uneven pupils, tracking issues, eye movement issues

Question 231

Improving fatigue & endurance via grading

Answer 231

Increase # of minutes in activity/reps —> increase resistance

Question 232

Neoprene

Answer 232

Less support, allows some movement

Question 233

Raynaud’s syndrome

Answer 233

Some areas of body numb/cold

Question 234

How to assess client outcomes

Answer 234

Use BOTH quantitative (ROM) & qualitative (DASH, client subjective reports)

Question 235

Isometrics

Answer 235

Contraction WITHOUT movement/static - AVOID with HBP, cardiac issues

Question 236

Isotonics

Answer 236

Contraction WITH movement - eccentric: lengthening (with gravity, towards earth EX: running down the stairs, putting down a weight) - concentric: shortening (against gravity, horizontal plane OR with gravity EX: lifting weights, pulling during pull ups)

Question 237

Pitting edema

Answer 237

Acute

Question 238

Brawny edema

Answer 238

Chronic

Question 239

What is indicative of a significant edema change via volumeter?

Answer 239

10 mL + is significant

Question 240

Order of return for sensation

Answer 240

Pain (protective sensation) —> moving touch —> static light touch —> touch localization

Question 241

Inductive reasoning

Answer 241

Logically true, may/may not be realistically true

Question 242

Deductive reasoning

Answer 242

Based on fact, law, rule

Question 243

Deficits with homonymous hemianopsia & tx

Answer 243

Visual acuity, visual attention, visual scanning —> difficulty locating next line of print when reading, only able to see a portion of each word (affects writing, mobility, light sensitivity) TX: anchoring, use a card/ruler while reading to keep place, pre reading exercises to develop a saccade strategy within new perceptual span

Question 244

Superficial/epidermal burn

Answer 244

1st degree- epidermis (superficial top skin layer) - no blistering - some pain, redness - healing time: 3-5 days or up to a week

Question 245

Superficial partial thickness

Answer 245

2nd degree - epidermis & dermis (1st half) - significant pain - wet blisters - pink, painful, moist skin under blisters - min scarring/impairment - healing time: 1-3 weeks

Question 246

Deep partial thickness burns

Answer 246

2nd degree- epidermis & dermis both layers (sweat glands, hair follicles) - skin changes color, pain is severe, red, with or without blisters - hypertrophic scarring may occur - high risk of turning into full thickness burn- consider grafting - impaired sensation - healing time: 3-5 weeks

Question 247

Full thickness burn

Answer 247

3rd degree- epidermis, dermis, nerve endings - no pain or sensation to light touch - may/may not have blisters - white, brown, black, cherry red color - requires skin graft/surgery/high change of hypertrophic scar

Question 248

Subdermal

Answer 248

4th degree burn- extends into fat layer, muscle, bone - low chance of survival, may need amputation - charred appearance

Question 249

Relapsing-remitting MS

Answer 249

Episodes of symptoms followed by periods of remission, disability doesn’t always increase after each episode

Question 250

Secondary progressive MS

Answer 250

In those previously dx with RRMS - disability increases, neurological function decreases over time

Question 251

Primary progressive MS

Answer 251

Disability increases after first episode

Question 252

MS presentation

Answer 252

- FATIGUE, lack of endurance, spasticity, pain due to spasticity, dizzy, loss of coordination & balance, ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria - short term memory, impaired attention span, EF - incontinence, urinary retention, sex issues, paralysis (partial or full) - visuospatial issues, nystagmus, diplopia, scotoma, blur/dim vision, acuity loss, heat intolerance, no new learning, poor judgement

Question 253

Phases of recovery in SCI

Answer 253

Acute recovery (OT for 15 min in intensive care, positioning, splinting, exercises for ROM) —> acute rehab/active phase (education, self care training, ADLs, psychosocial) —> transition rehab/outpatient (AD continuation, support groups)

Question 254

Ataxia tx

Answer 254

Compensatory strategies for control (weighting of body parts, weighted utensils/cups)

Question 255

Apraxia tx

Answer 255

Hand over hand exercises, following steps in pictures or written on a card

Question 256

How to manage TBI agitation

Answer 256

Behavior management strategies (to avoid reinforcing these behaviors), track arousal/alertness to establish communication method via yes/no system (eye blinks, head nods)

Question 257

Treating TBI dysphagia

Answer 257

Feeding instruction in isolated quiet area without distractions —> grade to social situations - AE: rocker knife, plate guard, non spill mug - place fork down between bites to ensure full chew & swallow is complete

Question 258

Muscles at each SCI level (cervical)

Answer 258

C1-C3: no motor C4: diaphragm —> can shrug shoulders C5: brachialis, biceps brachii, biceps —> elbow flexion C6: ECRL, ECRB —> wrist extension C7: triceps —> elbow extension C8: finger intrinsics/FDP

Question 259

Flexor tendon zones

Answer 259

Zone 1: fingertip —> center of middle phalanx Zone 2: center of middle phalanx —> distal palmar crease (NO MANS LAND) Zone 3: distal palmar crease —> transverse carpal ligament Zone 4: overlies transverse carpal ligament Zone 5: extends beyond level of wrist

Question 260

When should splinting occur for a flexor tendon injury?

Answer 260

Right away in FLEXION ONLY to prevent rupture, as repaired tendon is at its weakest 10-12 days after surgery

Question 261

Sensory re-education protocol

Answer 261

Protective re-ed (use vision to compensate for sensory loss) —> discriminative re-ed (identify objects with & without vision) —> sensory recovery (pain perception —> vibration of 30 cycles per second, moving touch, constant touch) —> desensitization (apply different texture/tactile stim to increase tolerance)

Question 262

Assessments for visual acuity

Answer 262

Near = lighthouse near visual acuity test Far = snellen E chary or tumbling E chart (if Illiterate or have aphasia)

Question 263

Orthotics for the types of fractures

Answer 263

Type 1 (non displaced): long arm sling Type 2: (displaced with a single fragment/Nonop): immobilized 2-3 weeks then early motion with med clearance Type 3 (comminuted/operative): immobilization & early motion within 1st postop week as MD prescribed

Question 264

Rolling knife

Answer 264

Similar to pizza cutter, for hand/UE weakness, FM/coordination deficits, one handed use (CVA)

Question 265

AE for eating with poor grip

Answer 265

Built up/large handle utensils, angled utensils, foam tubing, suction bowl & cup

Question 266

Liquid levels

Answer 266

0 = thin 1 = slightly thick 2 = nector/mild thick (smoothie, tomato juice) 3 = honey/mod thick (syrup) 4 = extremely thick (pudding)

Question 267

Food levels

Answer 267

3 = liquidized 4 = pureed (add liquid) - mashed potatoes, mashed banana/squash, applesauce, cooked cereal 5 = mechanical soft/minced & moist (min chewing- ground meat, meat loaf, mashed vegetables) 6. Soft & bite sized/chewy (tuna, canned vegetables, bananas, pizza, cheese, bagels) 7 = regular/easy to chew (bread, muffins)

Question 268

Phases of swallowing

Answer 268

1. Pre oral: salivation 2. Oral prep: voluntary, food into mouth & form bolus 3. Oral: voluntary 1-3 sec, bolus is central —> posterior 4, pharyngeal: involuntary 1-3 sec, SWALLOWING, epiglottis retroflexes 5. Esophageal: involuntary 8-10 sec, bolus into stomach, POSITIONING INFLUENCES

Question 269

Tx for poor oral motor skills/weak oral muscles

Answer 269

One way drinking straw, long spout cup

Question 270

Long spout cup

Answer 270

For difficulty moving liquids to the back of the mouth to be swallowed, prevents liquids from dripping out of mouth

Question 271

Tx for oral sensory problems

Answer 271

deep pressure/prop to all joints (brushing, joint compression before eating), aromatherapy, present new foods one at a time in fun/non threatening manner, match food textures/temps to pt’s oral motor abilities AE: Vibration (z vibe), sectioned dishes (prevent food from mixing together), coated spoon for hypersensitivity,

Question 272

How to facilitate tongue retraction during feeding

Answer 272

Press bowl of spoon on middle of tongue before taking out of mouth, place cup on lower lip below tongue with firm pressure under chin, thickened liquids

Question 273

Contraindications for ASD

Answer 273

Don’t interrupt rituals/routines, include in the classroom (no pull out), consistent routine, prepare for transitions, reduce distractions in environment, planned movement breaks - use multidisciplinary approach, can use technology (keyboarding, augmentative communication) for expression, change may occur in small steps

Question 274

Pencil grasps

Answer 274

Palmar supinate: 12-15m Digital pronate: 2-3 y Quadruped grasp: 3-4y Static tripod: 3-4y Dynamic tripod: 5-6y

Question 275

Sensory integration & praxis tests

Answer 275

Gold standard for eval of sensory integration & praxis

Question 276

SPM

Answer 276

Self report or parent, teacher assessment of SP skills

Question 277

Sensory profile

Answer 277

Self report, parent, teacher assessment that measures sensory over/under responsiveness

Question 278

Child occupational self assessment

Answer 278

Client directed, covers everyday activities (self care, social, school, family related)

Question 279

Short child occupational profile

Answer 279

Occupation focused, determines whether volition, habituation, skills, and environment facilitate/restrict occupational participation

Question 280

CBT

Answer 280

Includes psychoeducation, affective education, cognitive restructuring, relaxation training, coping skills, exposure to fears & contingency management, role play, talk therapy

Question 281

Feed forward praxis

Answer 281

Sending motor plan to brain comparing previous performance & detecting potential errors in plan before/after execution

Question 282

Clock drawing test

Answer 282

Visuospatial skills, visual perception, selective attention, memory, abstract thinking, EF

Question 283

Letter/number cancellation test

Answer 283

Test visual scanning, selective attention

Question 284

Cognitive disabilities model

Answer 284

Cognitive ability is determined by biological factors, if cognitive level cannot change = ADAPT - compensatory strategies: ACLS, RTI (can retrieve data from caregivers), cognitive performance test

Question 285

Recovery model

Answer 285

Empowering, intrinsic motivation, hope for the future, self advocacy, improved QOL (if mental health dx), recovery is non linear - peer support, holistic approach

Question 286

Dynamic interactional approach

Answer 286

Transfer of info to situations, multicontextual, practice of targeted strategy, metacognitive skills, graded transfer of learning to less simulated tasks

Question 287

Warren’s hierarchy of visual perceptual skills

Answer 287

Ocular skills, visual fields, visual acuity —> visual attention —> scanning —> pattern recognition —> visual memory —> visual cognition

Question 288

Wallace rule of 9s

Answer 288

Head/neck = 9% Each UE = 9% Trunk = 36% total (18% for each side) Each LE = 18% Perineum/genitals = 1%

Question 289

Contraindications for heterotopic ossification

Answer 289

No PROM, AROM within pain tolerance

Question 290

What tends to occur as a result of a humeral fracture?

Answer 290

Radial nerve injury

Question 291

Contraindications for radial tunnel syndrome

Answer 291

AVOID forceful wrist extension & supination

Question 292

Contraindications for radial nerve laceration

Answer 292

Be aware of hypertrophic scarring

Question 293

Contraindications for pronator teres syndrome

Answer 293

AVOID repetitive FA pronation & supination

Question 294

OK sign & pinch test are indicators of

Answer 294

Anterior interosseous syndrome

Question 295

Median nerve

Answer 295

C5-T1, responsible for dexterity, 3 jaw chuck, pad to pad, volar digits 1-4 Deformity: low lesion = ape hand, high lesion = hand of benediction

Question 296

ACL level 1

Answer 296

Automatic actions 1.0: withdrawing from noxious stimuli 1.2: responding to sensory stim with one response 1.4: locating stimuli 1.6: rolling in bed 1.8: raising one body part TOTAL ASSIST, responds only to internal cues, reflexive behavior, attention span = seconds, can tolerate hand over hand oral feeding TX: sensory stim

Question 297

ACL level 2

Answer 297

Postural actions 2.0: overcoming gravity & sitting 2.2: righting reactions & standing 2.4: aimless walking 2.6: directed walking 2.8: using grab bars MAX ASSIST, can imitate dressing/hygiene, overcome effects of gravity TX: movement/exercise groups based on imitation

Question 298

ACL Level 3

Answer 298

Manual actions 3.0: grasping objects 3.2: distinguishing objects 3.4: sustaining actions on objects 3.6: noting effects on objects 3.8: using all objects MOD ASSIST, need redirection, lack coordination, attention span = 30 min, easily distracted, cause & effect emerging, familiar ADLs TX: repetition, simple crafts

Question 299

ACL Level 4

Answer 299

Goal directed 4.0: sequencing familiar actions 4.2: differentiating features of objects 4.4: completing a goal 4.6: personalizing features of objects 4.8: learning by rote memorization MIN ASSIST, can’t recognize errors or solve new problems, aware of tangible cues TX: reinforce familiar routines, repetitive drilling ACLS whip stitch

Question 300

ACL Level 5

Answer 300

Exploratory 5.0: comparing & changing variations in actions & objects 5.2: discriminating among sets of actins & objects 5.4: self directed learning 5.6: considering social standards 5.8: consulting with others SBA, new learning, generalizing, altering via trial & error, still impulsive with poor judgement ACLS: single cordovan stitch

Question 301

MMT grade of 0

Answer 301

No active movement or muscle contraction observed OR palpated

Question 302

MMT grade 1

Answer 302

Trace: contraction observed & palpated, no active movement

Question 303

MMT grade 2

Answer 303

POOR: movement only in GRAVITY ELMINATED 2- : initiates movement in gravity elminated 2: incomplete ROM in gravity elminated 2+: complete ROM in gravity elminated

Question 304

MMT grade 3

Answer 304

FAIR: movement AGAINST gravity 3- : incomplete ROM against gravity 3: FULL ROM against gravity (no resistance) 3+: FULL ROM against gravity & SLIGHT resistance

Question 305

Grade 4 MMT

Answer 305

Full ROM against GRAVITY & MOD resistance

Question 306

MMT grade 5

Answer 306

Normal: full ROM against gravity & MAX resistance

Question 307

Signs of PAD

Answer 307

Leg cramps, pain when walking (intermittent claudation)

Question 308

When can worksite eval & JDA be completed?

Answer 308

Not for outpatient, only in certain settings

Question 309

abduction wedge

Answer 309

Prevents LE adduction after THR

Question 310

Most common cause of barrel chest

Answer 310

Asthma

Question 311

Most common cause of pulmonary embolism

Answer 311

DVT

Question 312

Pacemaker precautions

Answer 312

No estim, ultrasound, no shoulder flexion/abduction greater than 90 degrees on side where pacemaker was implanted for first 4 weeks

Question 313

Presentation of chronic bronchitis

Answer 313

Poor O2, blueish skin/lips (cyanosis), edema

Question 314

Emphysema presentation

Answer 314

Pinkish skin

Question 315

Best showering strategy for a COPD client to remain independent with showering

Answer 315

Shower chair, warm water (not hot) from handheld shower, pursed lip breathing, exhale on exertion

Question 316

Best sleeping position for an obese client

Answer 316

Side lying with head of the bed elevated

Question 317

R side heart failure symptoms

Answer 317

Blood flows back into the venous system - Cyanosis in nail beds, jaundice, LE edema

Question 318

L side heart failure symptoms

Answer 318

Blood flows back intro the lungs - Difficulty breathing, anxiety, cerebral hypoxia

Question 319

When a rating scale (checklist) is used, what is the most important factor to consider?

Answer 319

Whether it is reliable & valid, since rating scales do not involve observation and cannot detect task performance changes, fatigue tolerance, or body position preference

Question 320

What is defined as low vision?

Answer 320

Best corrected visual acuity less than 6/12 or less than 20/40 in the better seeing eye

Question 321

Types of vision loss

Answer 321

Mild/near normal: 20/30 —> 20/60 Mod: 20/70 —> 20/160 Severe: 20/200 or worse Profound: 20/500 —> 20/1000 Near total: less than 20/1000 Total visual impairment/total blind: no light perception

Question 322

Convergence

Answer 322

Moving the eyes inward

Question 323

Visuocognition

Answer 323

Manipulating & integrating visual input with other sensory info

Question 324

Binocular vision

Answer 324

Provided via Oculomotor function - ensures that one object is seen despite 2 images being provided to CNS

Question 325

Oculomotor dysfunction presentation

Answer 325

Poor eye-hand coordination, reading, walking, driving, leisure

Question 326

Eccentric viewing

Answer 326

Teach clients with central vision loss to rotate head or turn trunk to view object using preferred retinal locus in peripheral vision

Question 327

Tx for visual acuity issues

Answer 327

Eccentric viewing, magnification, large buttons, using other senses to compensate, tactile markers, talking items, refer to low vision specialist

Question 328

Electronic magnifiers for near distance tasks

Answer 328

Closed circuit TV, electronic magnifiers (both provide high contrast & high magnification)

Question 329

Sensory substitution

Answer 329

Using the other senses to compensate for impairment in one sense

Question 330

Hemiplegia in relation to CVA

Answer 330

Always on opposite side of lesion (site of CVA) EX: left CVA = R Hemiplegia

Question 331

Anomic aphasia

Answer 331

Difficulty with finding words

Question 332

Zones of regulation

Answer 332

Teach about regulating emotions/sensory needs Red = high arousal/alert, intense emotions Yellow = less than red, still more heightened than normal, high emotions Green = optimal: ready to learn, work, play, is attentive Blue = less than optimal: sad, ill, fatigued, bored

Question 333

Visual perception

Answer 333

Understanding what is being seen (visual = see, perception = understand)

Question 334

Encephalitis

Answer 334

Brain inflammation

Question 335

Phorea

Answer 335

One eye tends to move slightly in, out, up, down

Question 336

Neurodevelopmental approach to handwriting tx

Answer 336

For poor posture, poor automatic reactions, limited limb control (tone issues, poor prox stability) - modulate muscle tone, promote prox joint stability, improve hand function

Question 337

Acquisitional approach to handwriting tx

Answer 337

Handwriting should be taught directly in brief daily lessons individualized to the child and adjusted based on eval & performance - cognitive phase: understand handwriting demands - associative phase: self monitors - prop feedback, visual cues are essential - autonomous phase: can perform handwriting with min conscious attention

Question 338

Best position for sitting for handwriting (children)

Answer 338

Seated, feet on floor, table surface 2 inches above flexed elbows when child seated in the chair

Question 339

Sensory diet

Answer 339

Provides optimal sensory experience to a child so that they can function well in their environment

Question 340

Sensory modulation issues

Answer 340

Unable to grade responses to external stimuli Underresponsive, overresponsive, sensory seeking

Question 341

How do visual perceptual problems present?

Answer 341

Poor bilateral coordination, difficulty sequencing, poor posture, low tone, delayed GM

Question 342

Somatodyspraxia

Answer 342

(Dyspraxia or developmental dyspraxia) - poor motor planning, tactile perception, discrimination

Question 343

Which type of vestibular movement is tolerated best?

Answer 343

Linear - its introduced first

Question 344

Signs of too much vestibular input & what to do if there is too much

Answer 344

Signs: nausea, dizzy, blanching, hyperactivity, lethargy Tx: reduce movement to therapeutic movement, provide proprioception (ex: swinging while climbing a rope with the hands)

Question 345

Color coding zones

Answer 345

Green behaviors: appropriate/acceptable Yellow behaviors: slightly problematic, require additional observation, environmental adjustments, cues, facilitation Red zone: require immediate intervention (verbal or physical) because child is putting self/others at risk

Question 346

Forward chaining

Answer 346

Teaching from FIRST —> LAST step (master first then move to next step), have client complete first step of task & OT finishes

Question 347

Backward chaining

Answer 347

Sequence taught beginning with the LAST step, OT completes first steps & client finishes

Question 348

Documentation within a school setting

Answer 348

Must relate to IEP- goals must relate to child’s functional abilities to perform school tasks

Question 349

IEP

Answer 349

Written document detailing student’s academic needs & functional goals

Question 350

Documentation in early intervention

Answer 350

IFSP

Question 351

IFSP

Answer 351

In early intervention, written in lay terms to increase parent’s understanding

Question 352

Tx in mental health settings

Answer 352

May be multidisciplinary, intervention may be in groups

Question 353

Documentation in SNF & LTC

Answer 353

Familiar with Medicare requirements, provide info to Minimum Data Set (determines specific level of care needed)

Question 354

What is included in a discharge summary

Answer 354

Client/facility identification data, OT services provided (frequency, number of session, types of tx, progress from initial eval, goals, response to tx, equipment/training provided, dc recommendations)

Question 355

Documentation in inpatient rehab

Answer 355

Provide info for Inpatient Rehab Facility Patient Assessment Intrument (IRFPAI, interdisciplinary) by scoring clients on FIM

Question 356

Documentation in home health settings

Answer 356

OASIS completed for Medicare/Medicaid patients (may be completed by OT), performance of functional tasks, safety, environmental concerns

Question 357

How is Medicare paid in the hospital setting?

Answer 357

Via PPS (prospective payment system) based on service range expected to be provided

Question 358

What is required for OT to be reimbursed by Medicare?

Answer 358

Pt under MD care & needing OT, written care of plan approved/signed by MD, OT/OTA services provided, services must be skilled, reasonable & necessary amount, duration, intensity of services

Question 359

Medicare Part A

Answer 359

Hospital insurance, covers part of inpatient hospital stay, up to 100 days in a SNF for acute issues, hospice, some home health services (pt homebound, needs services), per diem psych hospital stays

Question 360

Medicare Part B

Answer 360

Supplementary medical insurance (pt pays premium monthly)- covers some outpatient costs (MD visits, OT), some home health, DME

Question 361

Medicare Part C

Answer 361

Medicare advantage plan offered by private company that contracts with Medicare

Question 362

Medicare part D

Answer 362

Perscription drug coverage

Question 363

TRICARE

Answer 363

Covers military, their families, survivors

Question 364

State Children’s Health Insurance Program

Answer 364

Covers low income family children who don’t qualify for Medicaid

Question 365

What is the coding & billing service that OTs must use?

Answer 365

Diagnosis codes ICD-9/ICD-10 codes (medical & tx dx codes)

Question 366

Transformational leadership

Answer 366

Motivating others to reach their highest potential, inspiration to others to meet their goals

Question 367

Transactional leadership

Answer 367

Leaders clarify role & task requirements, provide followers with positive/negative rewards dependent on successful performance

Question 368

Paralinguistics

Answer 368

Study of nonverbal communication

Question 369

BORG Scale

Answer 369

6 = none: reading, watching TV 7-8 = very very light: tying shoes, writing 9-10 = vey light: folding laundry 11-12 = fairly light: walking, shopping 13-14 = somewhat hard: brisk vacuuming/walking, cleaning 15-16 = hard: swimming, bike riding 17-18 = very hard: highest level of sustained activity 19-20 = very very hard: burst of activity, not sustainable for long

Question 370

Fugl-Meyer

Answer 370

Evaluates post stroke recovery

Question 371

BOT

Answer 371

Ages 4-21, assess GM & FM

Question 372

CARE Item Set

Answer 372

FIM for inpatient setting

Question 373

A-ONE

Answer 373

Impact of neurobehavior on ADL - post CVA

Question 374

Miller Assessment

Answer 374

Assesses sensory & motor abilities

Question 375

Contraindications for ADHD

Answer 375

Consistent routine, structured environment, limit background noise, prepare for transitions, clear/concise direction - explain any changes ahead of time, verbal responses over written, calming strategies, movement breaks, fidget toys, - help with organizing, GM/eye tracking games, one assignment at a time, visual cues/reminders, checklists, extended test time, shorter assignments - seating near teacher at single/paired desk near positive role models - can use stability ball for vestibular & prop in class

Question 376

Contraindications for Down syndrome

Answer 376

Avoid extreme neck flexion & tumbling/gymnastics, adapt cardiovascular activities - problem solving tasks, life skills training, compensatory strategies, repetition, environmental/task mods, family coaching, games, visual cues/demonstration, tactile demonstration, auditory cues, muscle strengthening around joints

Question 377

Intellectual disability contraindications

Answer 377

Enrich environment, problem solving tasks, practice/role play, handwriting skills, FW chaining, alternative/switch communication, develop performance patterns, behavioral mods, scooter/walker for mobility if needed

Question 378

ODD contraindications

Answer 378

Structured environment without distractions, consistent, simple instruction, time in/time outs - child centered (child initiates), group activities, Socratic questions, coping strategies, incidental teaching - caregiver ed: labeled praise, role play stressful situations, behavioral management, videotaped modeling, role play,

Question 379

Incidental teaching

Answer 379

Reward for being compliant

Question 380

Prewriting sequence

Answer 380

Vertical lines: imitate at 2y, copy at 3y Horizontal lines& circles: imitate at 2.5y, copy at 3y Cross: imitate at 3.5y, copy at 4y Square: 4y R/L diagonal lines: 4.5y X & triangle: 5y

Question 381

Simple rotation

Answer 381

Unscrewing the cap of a small bottle, 2.5y

Question 382

Complex rotation

Answer 382

Turning pencil from tip to eraser, 6-7y

Question 383

Shift

Answer 383

Linear movement of object in fingers (fingers up/down pencil shaft)

Question 384

Visopraxis

Answer 384

Visual construction, visual perception & visual motor skills

Question 385

Grasp pattern development

Answer 385

Grasp reflex = 1m, strong grasp reflex = 2m Palmar grasp = 5m Radial palmar grasp = 7m Raking grasp = 8m Inferior pincer = 9m Opposition = 10m Mature pincer = 12 m Precise pincer = 15m

Question 386

Spastic CP

Answer 386

Pyramidal, UMN, SC more influential, + Babinski sign - Quadriparesis, diplegia or hemiparesis - spasticity, muscles stiff & tight

Question 387

Diplegia

Answer 387

LE more affected

Question 388

Dyskinetic CP

Answer 388

Extrapyramidal, LMN - Either athetoid or dystopia - involuntary movements, tone fluctuates

Question 389

Ataxic CP

Answer 389

Cerebellum dysfunction, shaky w poor balance, may or may not have hypotonia (usually do) - jerky, uncoordinated, difficulty timing, unbalanced trunk/limb posture with voluntary movement

Question 390

Mixed CP

Answer 390

Pyramidal & extrapyramidal, multiple movement patterns

Question 391

Athetoid CP

Answer 391

Writing movements

Question 392

Dystonic CP

Answer 392

Distorted, repetitive posture

Question 393

Associated conditions with CP

Answer 393

- ID: attention, memory, comprehension, decisions, problem solving, language, processing speed - visual: strabismus, cortical visual impairment, retinopathy, nystagmus, homoymous hemianopsia, hyperopia - hearing, speech, language: articulation, reading, expressive/receptive language - seizures with severe ID & physical disability - feeding/growth: hypotonia, weak suck/coordinated swallow, tonic bite, hyperactive gage, tongue thrust, constipation, gastroesophageal reflex, saliva control -osteopenia; weak, brittle bones including fx - sleep issues - bladder control - behavior issues

Question 394

CP tx

Answer 394

NDT, contrasting induced/forced use therapy, physical exerciser, orthotics, adaptive seating, serial casting, assistive tech

Question 395

Adaptive seating/WC adaptations for CP

Answer 395

Static chair/seat & back (tilt WC with seat 10-15 deg tilt), lateral supports, pommel, trunk support, tray, inserts, power controls

Question 396

Duchenne’s MD

Answer 396

Most common MD, progressive muscle weakness - enlarged calves (pseudohypertrophy) - + Gower’s sign - freq falls, waddling gait (Trendelenburg sign), weak voluntary muscles (heart, diaphragm) - LD, behavior/speech issues - trouble getting up/running

Question 397

Becker’s MD

Answer 397

Slow progression, less severe - motor issues with hips, thighs, pelvis, shoulders - enlarged calves - cardiac involvement

Question 398

Facioscapulohumeral MD

Answer 398

Slow progression, adolescent onset - stooped shoulders (can’t raise arms up), masklike face - affects face muscles, upper arms, scapula - weak abs, sometimes hips - DOES NOT INVOLVE cardiac/respiratory issues

Question 399

Limb girdle MD

Answer 399

Slow progression within first 30 years of life - proximal muscles of pelvis & shoulder affected

Question 400

Congenital MD

Answer 400

Hypotonia, floppy child, decreased muscle mass, no deep tendon reflexes, contractures, general muscle weakness in face, neck, trunk, limbs Type 1: no severe intellectual function issues Type 2: muscle, brain issues Type 3: muscle, brain, eye issues Comorbidities: torticollis, clubfoot, diaphragm, heart, spine issues

Question 401

which chair is most appropriate for a client with a THR?

Answer 401

firm chair with armrests (no variability in space)

Question 402

when beginning dressing with a client, what is the best type of clothing to start the task with?

Answer 402

loose, oversized clothing that allows for success

Question 403

valsalva maneuver

Answer 403

noninvasive test of autonomic nervous system function - breathing in deeply and pushing the air out through the lips (as if trying to blow up a balloon), check HR/BP throughout test

Question 404

athetosis

Answer 404

tone that fluctuates from low to normal with little spasticity

Question 405

choreoathetosis

Answer 405

constant fluctuations from low to high tone, without co-contractions.

Question 406

ataxia

Answer 406

generally normal tone but involves flexor patterns in the lower extremities

Question 407

tx for poor self concept (worthless)

Answer 407

activities that allow for self expression

Question 408

RLA level V presentation

Answer 408

confused, inappropriate, nonagitated - highly distractible, severe memory impairment - can respond to simple commands

Question 409

RLA level VII presentation

Answer 409

Automatic appropriate - limited distractibility, capable of carrying out a intelligible conversation despite minimal confusion

Question 410

RLA level III presentation

Answer 410

localized response - inconsistently responds to stimuli and would not be capable of intelligibly responding to simple commands

Question 411

RLA level II presentation

Answer 411

generalized response - responds to stimuli only through physiological changes, gross body movement, or vocalization

Question 412

most appropriate activity for a child with JRA

Answer 412

AROM, splinting, monitoring joint function, preventing deformation, teaching energy conservation techniques, instruction in the use of AE

Question 413

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 413

can lead to pulmonary hypertension and heart failure, seen in DS children

Question 414

supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 414

can lead to feeding difficulties

Question 415

progressive supranuclear palsy

Answer 415

rare neurological disorder that affects body movements, walking and balance, and eye movements

Question 416

reasonable accommodations

Answer 416

altered work schedule/duties, facility modifications, purchasing of AE/AT, modifying or designing a new product

Question 417

what MET levels are self care tasks?

Answer 417

MET 1.0-2.5

Question 418

Participating in very light stationary biking for 5 minutes with a short rest of 1 minute and then standing to fold towels for 5 minutes is which MET level?

Answer 418

MET 1-4

Question 419

veracity

Answer 419

truthful/honest

Question 420

Trendelenburg positioning

Answer 420

lower the head of the bed and raise the lower extremities

Question 421

how should THR patients wipe themselves on the toilet?

Answer 421

wipe between the legs in a sitting position on an elevated toilet seat

Question 422

how to engage with an adult pt who is nonverbal

Answer 422

pay attention to the meaning of nonverbal cues, be directive, be empathetic with the client

Question 423

ayres SI

Answer 423

nonstructured environment, multisensory, encourage active participation of the child, conducted individually (NOT IN GROUPS!)

Question 424

Self Directed Search

Answer 424

measures client's volitional interests

Question 425

Cognitive Status Exam

Answer 425

measures neurological behaviors (e.g., attention, speech, memory for work activity)

Question 426

Box & Block Test

Answer 426

addresses performance skills

Question 427

severe intellectual disability

Answer 427

IQ between 25 --> 40. able to perform some basic ADLs, but they often need supervision or caregiver assistance for basic tasks

Question 428

fidelity

Answer 428

being fair to colleagues and avoiding plagiarism

Question 429

how to determine maximum & consistent grip effort during grip testing

Answer 429

have the client complete one trial on each of the five handle settings of the Jamar dynamometer

Question 430

tilt table test

Answer 430

shows how the body reacts to changes in position

Question 431

CMOP FOR

Answer 431

aligns with the COPM - spirituality, occupational engagement

Question 432

ecology of human performance model

Answer 432

occupational performance relates to context

Question 433

Kawa Model

Answer 433

subjective assessment tool, what activities, roles, processes are important to the client and what issues they experience in relation to their environments

Question 434

Occupational Adaptation

Answer 434

improving adaptability, rather than functional skills

Question 435

strengths model

Answer 435

view clients as individuals, not patients

Question 436

neurofunctional approach

Answer 436

tx acquired brain injuries (TBI), client-centred, goal-driven, skill learning, routines and competencies in practical activities required for everyday living

Question 437

COAST goal writing method

Answer 437

C = client O = occupation A = assistance level S = specific condition T = timeline

Question 438

WC adaptations for amputees

Answer 438

Antitippers, position rear axle of WC behind patients shoulders (safe position) to compensate for their center of gravity (which raises in height after bilateral LE amputation)

Question 439

What is important to assess in determining whether or not someone will be able to navigate a power WC?

Answer 439

Visual perceptual skills

Question 440

Nonmaleficence

Answer 440

No harm, includes setting boundaries with patient

Question 441

Autonomy

Answer 441

Treat patients according to their wishes, keep patient information confidential

Question 442

What does time management involve

Answer 442

high energy tasks should be interspersed with lighter tasks, rest breaks scheduled throughout the day especially after meals, make sure that client is actively involved in planning the day

Question 443

What are standard measurements to be taken for a WC fitting?

Answer 443

Seat width, seat length, armrest height

Question 444

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 444

Ext, adduction

Question 445

Assisted living

Answer 445

Residential option for seniors for IADL help (cooking meals, housekeeping, traveling to appointments)

Question 446

Instrumental group

Answer 446

Maintenance focused

Question 447

What can C7 SCI patients perform

Answer 447

Shoulder depression/wc push-up for pressure relief

Question 448

Modified dynamic

Answer 448

Type of group therapy, addresses self regulatory deficits of substance abusers/addicts (self regulation deficits)

Question 449

Psychomotor retardation

Answer 449

Feature of depression, slowed speech, decreased movement, impaired cognitive function

Question 450

Remotivation approach

Answer 450

Focuses on patients abilities, promote self esteem, awareness, socialization in groups, draws on long term memory

Question 451

Self help groups

Answer 451

Members share common condition/goal, self run without professional leaders, in large/small groups

Question 452

Justice

Answer 452

Fairness, equity, truthfulness, objectivity (not accepting a gift from a patient as it may blur professional boundaries)

Question 453

Altruism

Answer 453

Unselfish concern for welfare of others

Question 454

How to reduce internalized stigma in a patient

Answer 454

Commonly seen in schizotypal PD, match pt with a peer (provides psychoeducation, social support, motivation)

Question 455

PEOP involves

Answer 455

Home modifications (external factor that can be adapted to facilitate occupational performance)

Question 456

PNF approach to dressing

Answer 456

Bilateral symmetrical pattern of movement (thread shirt through both extremities at a time)

Question 457

Primitive reflex that is most likely to impact writing skills

Answer 457

ATNR

Question 458

Which provocative test is + for ulnar nerve damage?

Answer 458

Froment’s sign (hyperflexion of the thumb IP)

Question 459

Which part of Medicare covers mental health services?

Answer 459

Medicare Part B

Question 460

Pressure relief for a C6 SCI

Answer 460

Sitting up using loops & FW weight shifts

Question 461

Precautions for someone with depression

Answer 461

avoid too many choices, increase opportunity for decision making, notify staff of suicidal ideation

Question 462

Recent addition to DSM-5 for dx of ASD

Answer 462

Unusual response to sensation

Question 463

Ideal prosthetists for a first time user of a prosthesis

Answer 463

Hook- good for activities that demand precision for grasping small objects, reliable/robust for a child, opened via body harness worn on UB

Question 464

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 464

Causes brain damage, growth problems, ID, small eyes, exceptionally thin upper lip, short/upturned nose, smooth philtrum

Question 465

Protocol for ACLS

Answer 465

Allow for 2 attempts max, then end the screening if they cannot do it

Question 466

Braille

Answer 466

Not for new visual impairments, as the pt has to learn how to read it

Question 467

Where are deficits with spina bifida myelomeningocele?

Answer 467

Muscle weakness/paralysis below LOI

Question 468

At what ACL level does a patient not recognize errors unless they are clearly visible

Answer 468

4

Question 469

Strabismus

Answer 469

Crossed eyes, eyes do not align with each other when looking at an object, affects vision, diplopia, blur, trouble reading, loss of depth perception, having to turn head to see image clearly

Question 470

What part of the brain does SI occur

Answer 470

Parietal lobe

Question 471

What part of the brain are long term memories processed?

Answer 471

Hippocampus

Question 472

How should commode height be adjusted for a client with posterior THR

Answer 472

Front legs slightly lower than back legs (if pt having difficulty extending leg out)

Question 473

Purposeful activities

Answer 473

Allows for engaging in goals directed behavior leading to occupation, meaningful to pt (practicing getting in/out of tub with grab bars)

Question 474

HD Stage 1

Answer 474

Functional, continue to work, drive, handle $, live alone - minor involuntary movement, subtle coordination loss, difficulty with complex problems, depression, irritable, fall risk - tx: memory, planning, concentration strategies, home safety

Question 475

Late stage HD tx

Answer 475

Caregiver training/assistance (patients require ADL assistance), splinting

Question 476

Mid stage HD

Answer 476

Prominent chorea, increasing difficulty with voluntary motor tasks TX: ambulatory devices recommended

Question 477

What is a good splint for fracture stabilization postop

Answer 477

Circumferential splint: support/comfort, edema management, even compression

Question 478

8 Play stages

Answer 478

1. Exploratory/sensorimotor: 0-6m 2. Functional/relational (using toys according to their purpose): 6-24m 3. Symbolic/pretend: 24-36m 4. Constructive (using toys to build something): 24m-4/5y 5. Rough & tumble: 3-4y 6. Social/dramatic: 4+ y 7. Games with rules: 5-6y 8. Crafts & hobbies/organized sports: 8-10y

Question 479

Mosey’s 6 stages of play

Answer 479

- unoccupied: 0-3m - solitary: 0-2y - spectator/onlooker: 2y - parallel: 2+y - associate: 3-4y - cooperative: 4+y

Question 480

Levels of evidence (strongest to weakest)

Answer 480

Systematic review, meta-analysis -> single RCT —> case control study/cohort —> cross sectional studies —> animal trials/in vitro study —> opinion/case reports

Question 481

Types of quantitative research

Answer 481

#s, objective - metanalysis, RCT, true experiment, quasi experiment, grounded theory, systematic review, nonexperimental/correlational

Question 482

Types of qualitative studies

Answer 482

Subjective, observational, opinion based, interviews - case control, case study, expert opinion, phenomological, ethnographic,heuristic

Question 483

Both qualitative & quantitative

Answer 483

Longitudinal study: cohort, outcomes study

Question 484

Longitudinal study

Answer 484

Observation of variable over a long time (years)- quantitive & qualitative

Question 485

Face validity

Answer 485

How much tool subjectively seems to measure what its supposed to measure

Question 486

Criterion validity

Answer 486

How well an assessment tool measures an outcome (do you meet the criteria?)

Question 487

Independent variable

Answer 487

Does not change (demographics)

Question 488

Dependent variable

Answer 488

Changes over course of study, outcome is measured

Question 489

Covariation

Answer 489

2 things changing because of each other

Question 490

Systematic sample

Answer 490

Selected from list of specific intervals (every 5th number in phone book)

Question 491

Stratified random sample

Answer 491

Selected based on predetermined characteristics

Question 492

Purposive sample

Answer 492

Individuals deliberately singled out

Question 493

Margin of error determines

Answer 493

How generalizable the study is

Question 494

Ordinal type data

Answer 494

Placed in rank order - dichotomous data: two opposite data sets (sick vs healthy) - non dichotomous data: spectrum, falls in rank order (strongly agree…agree…)

Question 495

Nominal type data

Answer 495

Grouping according to a characteristic (gender, race)

Question 496

Positive correlation

Answer 496

As y increases, X increases

Question 497

Negative correlation

Answer 497

As X increases, y decreases

Question 498

No correlation

Answer 498

R value = 0 —> 0.05 or less

Question 499

Perfect correlation

Answer 499

All data points lie on straight line r = +1 (perfect positive), r = -1 (perfect negative)

Question 500

Steps to using research

Answer 500

1. Formulate question regarding tx (PICO) 2. Review best evidence 3. Analyze validity, reliability, clinical application of each study 4. Determine usefulness, will you use it 5. Base tx approaches on evidence that meets your criteria

Question 501

Contact precautions

Answer 501

- wear PPE, gloves, gown - tx in patients room when possible - only use single use or disinfectable equipment

Question 502

Droplet precautions

Answer 502

- wear surgical mask - tx in pt room - single use/disinfectable equipment

Question 503

Airborne precautions

Answer 503

- N95 mask/respirator - tx in isolation room - single use/disinfectable equipment

Question 504

Standard precautions

Answer 504

- hand hygiene - gloves, gown, eyewear, other PPE when anticipating body fluid contact - properly handle/dispose of sharp objects - routine cleaning/disinfecting surfaces/equipment before & after each pt interaction

Question 505

Visual timers are for

Answer 505

Pacing

Question 506

How to assess visual receptive function

Answer 506

Observe how the eyes work together

Question 507

How should splint rest for C5 SCI

Answer 507

On dorsal surface, ensures max sensory feedback while FA is rested on a surface

Question 508

Age of independence with toileting, feeding, dressing

Answer 508

Toileting: 4-5y Feeding: 3-5y Dressing: 5y

Question 509

Resting pan/hand splint

Answer 509

If someone has to be immobilized for a long time, reduces contracture risk

Question 510

Neoprene splint use

Answer 510

Reduces spasticity

Question 511

Static splints are useful for

Answer 511

High tone

Question 512

Wrist cock up promotes

Answer 512

Wrist extension, used for wrist injuries (carpal tunnel, median nerve injuries), spasticity, deformity present

Question 513

Soft splints are good for

Answer 513

Mild tone control, improves grasp & supination

Question 514

Phases of wound healing

Answer 514

1. Inflammatory: onset of burn —> 3-10 days after, edema, injury painful, red, warm 2. proliferative: 3 days after burn —> healed, revascularization, re-epithelialization, contraction of injury, may develop rigid scars 3. Maturation: week 3 of onset —> 2y after, collagen remodeling, tensile strength increases, scar flattens/softens

Question 515

Emergent phase of burns

Answer 515

Universal precautions in place, sustain life, control infection (wound covered with dressing & ointment), manage pain

Question 516

Acute phase of burns

Answer 516

Grafting if needed, reduce edema, promote self care independence, client/caregiver ed,

Question 517

Klumpe’s palsy

Answer 517

C8-T1, claw hand deformity, compression of lower brachial plexus, less common

Question 518

Double crush syndrome

Answer 518

Peripheral nerve entrapped in more than 1 location

Question 519

Digital stenosis tenosynovitis

Answer 519

Trigger finger: A1 pulley at finger flexors - splint MCP: 0 deg 3-6 weeks (MCP extended, IP free), hook firsts with splint on 20x every 2 hrs while client awke - scar massage, edema control, tendon glides, activity/work mods AVOID: repetitive gripping, using tools with handles too far apart

Question 520

Boutonnière deformity

Answer 520

central tendon disruption, PIP flexion, DIP hyper extension - splint PIP extension for 6 weeks (don’t remove splint, no PROM in splint)

Question 521

Exercises with lateral epicondylitis

Answer 521

Isometrics —> isotonics —> eccentrics

Question 522

Jeanne’s sign

Answer 522

Hyperextension of prox thumb phalanx when pinching —> indicates ulnar nerve injury/claw deformity

Question 523

Serial casting

Answer 523

Fiberglass or plaster of Paris, position with high tone & over time will stretch out soft tissue contractures - wear cast 1-2 weeks & monitor skin

Question 524

Adhesion

Answer 524

Inhibit active flexion of digits

Question 525

How should sling fit after brachial plexus injury?

Answer 525

Prox around humerus to prevent subluxation

Question 526

Tendon shortening

Answer 526

Prematurely stretched tendons

Question 527

Medications for manic episode

Answer 527

Mood stabilizing meds, antipsychotics/neuroleptics, anticonvulsants

Question 528

Meds for anxiety

Answer 528

Benzodiazepines, SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants

Question 529

Meds for depression

Answer 529

SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants, MAOIs

Question 530

Meds for bipolar disorder

Answer 530

Mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, electroconvulsive therapy

Question 531

Meds for dysthymia

Answer 531

SSRIs

Question 532

Meds for obsessive disorders

Answer 532

Antidepressants, anti obsessional, anxiolytics, antipsychotics

Question 533

Meds for eating disorders

Answer 533

Antidepressants, antipsychotics

Question 534

Meds for schizophrenia

Answer 534

Atypical antipsychotics, transitional antipsychotics

Question 535

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 535

Delusions, hallucinations (excess of normal function)

Question 536

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 536

No motivation/avoilition, anhedonia, asociality, no expression (blunted affect, alogia)

Question 537

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 537

Schizophrenia + mood disorder

Question 538

Cyclothymia

Answer 538

Low grade BPD, hypomania (4 days long), depression

Question 539

Parallel group

Answer 539

18m-2y, members work alongside each other, no interaction - leader is directive/autocratic

Question 540

Project group

Answer 540

2-4y, outcome based project, some interaction, short project, cooperation - leader is modified directive

Question 541

Ego-centric cooperative

Answer 541

5-7y - members collaborate to complete specific tasks in long term setting (task oriented group, self exploration group) - leader is facilitation

Question 542

Cooperative group

Answer 542

9-12y, Sharing & listening, no goal, interaction, problem solve, longer projects, shared intentions - leader is advisory

Question 543

Mature group

Answer 543

15-18y, task completion, group needs over own desires (self help, fundraiser), task in limited time frame - leader is participatory

Question 544

Alogia

Answer 544

Less words

Question 545

Schizoid PD

Answer 545

Pattern of social withdrawal, eccentric/odd, isolated, lonely, discomfort with human interaction, introverted, bland affect

Question 546

Avoidant PD

Answer 546

Extreme sensitivity to rejection, social withdrawal, desire companion but feel not worthy, uncritical acceptance, inferiority complex

Question 547

Vascular dementia

Answer 547

Slow progression, sudden symptoms - problem solving, slow thinking, focus, organization, gait

Question 548

frontotemporal dementia

Answer 548

Immediate onset, progressive - personality, behavior, language, thinking, judgement, movement - progressive aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, legs/arms stiff & uncoordinated, muscle weakness/wasting

Question 549

Lewy body dementia

Answer 549

Gradual, Parkinsonism, acting out dreams in sleep, visual hallucinations, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, cognition, falls

Question 550

Antispasticity ball splint

Answer 550

Reduces spasticity, keeps hand open for functional use

Question 551

Cone splint

Answer 551

To position the hand when severe flexion contracture is already present

Question 552

How is wrist positioned in volar wrist splint?

Answer 552

Neutral

Question 553

C-bar splint

Answer 553

Prevent contracture following median nerve injury

Question 554

Ulnar gutter splint

Answer 554

Used following fractures & dislocations, supports ulnar hand, wrist, FA in a trough

Question 555

Posterior elbow splint

Answer 555

Position the elbow following contracture

Question 556

What is scapular winging a sign of?

Answer 556

Long thoracic nerve palsy

Question 557

Airplane splint is used for

Answer 557

Brachial plexus injury, shoulder dislocation/fx, deep 2nd/3rd degree burns

Question 558

Static finger flexion splint

Answer 558

Correct finger extension contractures

Question 559

Which splint is used for duputuyrns contracture?

Answer 559

Either resting hand splint or static finger extension splint

Question 560

Which splint is used for claw hand deformity?

Answer 560

MCP blocking splint to put MCPs in flexion (since they are hyperextended from claw hand)

Question 561

Serpentine splint

Answer 561

For mild-mod spasticity to encourage grasp

Question 562

Splints for RA

Answer 562

Resting hand, thumb abductor splint

Question 563

Soft wrist support is used for

Answer 563

Conservative carpal tunnel, arthritis

Question 564

Pediatric/arthritis splints usually are made of

Answer 564

Thermoplastic (thinner)- usually used for small splints

Question 565

contraindications for evals of fx

Answer 565

do not assess PROM unless MD says so (except for humerus fractures which begin with PROM or AAROM)

Question 566

which type of exercises do shoulder fx usually begin with?

Answer 566

isometrics

Question 567

postop tx for RT tendonitis

Answer 567

PROM (0-6w) --> AAROM/AROM (6-8w) - ice --> heat - isometrics --> isotonics (below shoulder at 8-10w)

Question 568

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 568

weak bones, loose joints

Question 569

how should residual limb be wrapped following amputation?

Answer 569

distal to proximal, tension should decrease with proximal wrapping

Question 570

myofascial pain

Answer 570

muscle pain (persistant, deep, aching)

Question 571

fibromyalgia

Answer 571

muscle pain, fatigue, varies in intensity, widespread pain with tender muscles

Question 572

When does aspiration occur?

Answer 572

When food propels upwards & they can’t swallow it

Question 573

Heimlich maneuver

Answer 573

To clear obstruction, raise bolus that has been aspirated *PERSON MUST BE AWAKE & RESPONSIVE!*

Question 574

Neurogenic bowel

Answer 574

SCI above T6, sympathetic nerve impairment, loss of anal sphincter control, lack of awareness of feces in bowel

Question 575

What contributes to the development of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 575

Diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 576

Stages of cancer & their relation to OT tx

Answer 576

Stages 1-2 = rehabilitative approach Stage 4 = palliative approach

Question 577

Dysmetria

Answer 577

Undershooting/overshooting of a target

Question 578

Dyssnergia

Answer 578

Joints moving separately to reach target instead of smoothly together

Question 579

Spasticity vs hyertonic

Answer 579

Spasticity catches when moving a joint through full ROM quick;y, hypertonicity occurs when moving a joint through a full ROM slowly

Question 580

Akinesia

Answer 580

Unable to initiate movements

Question 581

When should caregivers be provided education about splint wear schedule/management instead of the pt?

Answer 581

If the pt is cognitively impaired, has diminished sensation (hypoesthesia), has diabetic neuropathy, unilateral neglect

Question 582

DeGangi Berk Test of SI

Answer 582

Ages 3-5, measures SI (especially vestibular system)

Question 583

Tx for prop deficits

Answer 583

Firm touch, pressure, joint compression, traction, resistance to active movements, activities in various body positions (yoga), slow linear movement, weighted vests

Question 584

Tactile discrimination tx

Answer 584

Deep touch pressure to hands & body, graded activities for tactile discrimination (mix of textures)

Question 585

MoCa

Answer 585

For mild cognitive dysfunction, 10 min to administer

Question 586

Mini mental state exam/folstein

Answer 586

Screen for dementia

Question 587

LOTCA

Answer 587

For CVA, TBI, tumor, basic cog function for everyday activity

Question 588

EF performance test

Answer 588

Measures EF during real world tasks

Question 589

AMPS

Answer 589

Ages 3+, functional competence (motor/process skills) in chosen BADL/IADL

Question 590

Behavioral inattention test

Answer 590

For unilateral neglect, examines neglect & its impact

Question 591

Catherine Bergeo scale

Answer 591

Detects presence/degree of unilateral neglect during everyday tasks (checklist)

Question 592

Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test

Answer 592

For memory issues, eval & monitors memory

Question 593

Rivermead Perceptiual Assessment Battery

Answer 593

Ages 16+, assess visual perceptual deficits after head injury/stroke

Question 594

Information processing approach

Answer 594

Gives info on how pt approaches task, how performance changes with cues

Question 595

Quadraphonic approach

Answer 595

Remediation based, based on information processing & teaching/learning theory

Question 596

Ideational apraxia tx

Answer 596

Step by step instructions, hand over hand guiding

Question 597

Spatial neglect tx

Answer 597

Scanning activities (graded), anchoring, external cues

Question 598

Perseveration tx

Answer 598

Bring it to a conscious level, train pt to inhibit it, redirect attention, engage in repetitive tasks

Question 599

Spatial relations tx

Answer 599

Activities that challenge spatial skills (orientating clothing to body while dressing), tasks that require R/L discrimination (dress your L arm(

Question 600

RTI

Answer 600

Gathers info abt pt’s ADL performance from caregiver

Question 601

Cognitive performance test

Answer 601

Assess functional performance of Alzheimer’s pts

Question 602

Thematic groups

Answer 602

For learning specific skills

Question 603

Modular groups

Answer 603

Pt can join group at any time & still cover each topic

Question 604

Akathisia

Answer 604

Need to move around all the time

Question 605

What approach is used to screen for domestic abuse

Answer 605

RADAR (routinely ask, Affirm & ask, Document objectives, Assess & address, Review)