important stuff Flashcards
what is iterative design
the process of going through the circular design process, research, ideate, prototype, test and repeat
what is user centered design (UCD)
developing products with the end user in mind, these products will be easy to use
ergonomics
ergonomics is the study of the relationships between a product and the user. concerned with how comfortable it is to use
anthropometics
body measurements
primary research
research carried out first hand, not using internet or books. this may include focus groups, questionnaires
secondary information
research information that is pre-existing and gathered from books or the internet
what percentiles are excluded from anthropometrics
the top and bottom 5%
what is the arts and crafts movement
most prominent in the 1800’s
response to the belief that industrial design meant that the appreciation of materials used in the construction of products was lost. drew inspiration from medieval craftsmanship, reflected natural forms in textures and surface designs e.g. plants and focused on the natural influences of timber. often hand crafted.
example is the “strawberry thief” textile by William Morris
what is art deco
during the 1920’s and 1930’s
inspired by the ancient world e.g. ancient egypt. featured simple geometric forms e.g. ziggurat (stepped pyramids), sunburst motifs.
what is modernism
modernism is symbolised by key design schools such as the bauhaus. often relied on the use of basic rectilinear forms. abstract and artistic, often asymmetrical. the bauhaus was founded in 1919, based off of the concept that “form follows function”. embracing the machine age, gemoetrically pure, everyday products for everyday people. examples are the wassilly chair or barcelona chair.
what is streamling
1920’s and onwards
flowing curves, smooth exteriors seen in car design for aerodynamics. example s the tesla talisman streamline radio
what is post modernism
1970’s and 19080’s
Memphis was the design group that rebelled against simplicity. seen as a counter rebellion to the simplicity of modernism. bold and colorful playful designs. abstract sculptural pieces, geometric forms but in, often, random positions. example is Ettore Sottsass’s Tahiti lamp
who is Phillippe Starck
french designer with an eclectic range of designs and styles. famously worked on kitchenware for alessi, often descirbed as postmodern, sculptural pieces and aesthetics over function. playful and thought provoking designs, experiments with modern materials and design processes. key product is the juicy salif
who is James dyson
developed the first bagless vaccum cleaner. utilised the interative design process.
who is Margaret Calvert
influencial graphic designer who designed many of the standard pictograms associated with road signs.
what were utility products
post second world war furniture that was often rationed, wooden, simplistic
what is glulam
several pieces of glued timber that create strong composite components for buildings or structures. means that defects such as knots are elimanated. sustainable, easily formed to a shape, better strength to weight ratio than steel.
what is kevlar
a form of aromatic polamide (a polymer with ring like molecules connected in long chains) that has tremendous tensile strength and toughness. very lightweight, can be woven. used for protective armor
precious metal clay
PMC, very pliable, and malleable, low melting point so can easily be moulded
what are IC’s
intergrated circuits
what are microelectronics
miniature electronic devices and systems facilitated by the development of IC’s
who is Dieter Rams
german functionalist designer. created lots of electrical products such as the SK4 radio set and record player.
what are Dieter Rams’ 10 principles for a good designer
good design is: • Innovative • useful • aesthetic • understandable • unobtrusive • honest • has longevity • thorough down to the last detail • environmentally friendly •as little design as possible (concentrates on the essentials)
who are Charles and Ray Eames
american husband and wife design partners. famous fo rhteir work on moulded furniture both in plywood and polymers. created a laminated plywood splint during world war 2 which then influenced their design of the eames lounge chair 1955. modern designers
Marianne Brandt
student at Buahaus and became the head of the metal work department in 1928. created simple, geometrically pure kitchenware products designed for longevity. modern.
what is memphis design
a late twentieth century design group who challenged modern design views. big influencers in post modernism. bold and colorful design, challenging forms that often compromised function e.g. the carlton dresser
what is the juicy salif
one single piece cast of aluminum, high center of mass, unstable. phillippe starck describes it as a talking point
what does accredited mean
having the qualifications necessary to carry out a function such as awarding certification for conformity
BSI and CE kite marks
BSI -British Standards intsitute
CE - mean that the manufacturer or importer affirms the good’s conformity with European health, safety, and environmental protection standards
what are standards
legislative requirements for a range of processes and products
what is UKAS
United Kingdom Accreditation Service
responsible for checking th eowrk og many agencies that certificate testing and inspection of products e.g. BSI
what do typical focus group activities include
- answering direct questions
- physical interaction with products
- watching videos and presentations
- sketching ideas and logos
- making suggestions for product improvements and desirable features
- role playing
- group discussions
- creating mood boards
what might be learned from focus groups
- attitudes towards colours for product finishes
- the level of comfort when holding the product
- how easy potential customers find it to control the screen or panels
- what they feel is a reasonable price for the product
what is product recall
when a product is taken off the market and asking consumers to return them due to faults that must be rectified, usually for safety reasons.
what are objective third party views
opinions that are independent of any influence from interested third parties
what are some impacts of the use of microelectronics in products
• 1950’s: telephone calls being directly connected to an exchange
post war influences on design
Council of Industrial Design was introduced in 1944 for utility products. Britain can make it 1946, Festival of Britain 1951.
what is an IC
integrated circuit
what is leachate
the toxic waste produced from landfill
examples of how products are designed to be more inclusive
- wide doors, for wheel chairs
- improvements for public transport, e.g. wheel char access
- brail
- raised pavement bumps for the blind
stages of a product life cycle
introduction, growth, maturity, decline and replacement
what were the post first world war effects
bauhaus 1919-32 believed in unifying art and industrial design. more mass production. mass produced bent steel tube e.g. the wasilly chair
what were the second world war effects
severe shortage of many goods. therefor, equal distribution of essentials such as furniture. utility furniture designed to be simple, strong and available for a mass marker
contemporary times effects (post war)
Council of Industrial Design (COID) set up in response to fear that Britain was falling behind from other countries and response to criticism. Britain can make it 1946 and festival of Britain 1951. more development in polymers, curved polymer chairs.
what is the effect of of microelectronics on designing and manufacturing
possible to incorporate powerful microprocessor integrated circuits (IC’s). allow computers to work at high speeds and store more memory. allow products to become smaller e.g. smart phones. means less skilled specialists required as computers can do work. automated scanning available for QC. allows virtual models instead of handmade models. FEA. allows calculations to be done on computers.
what is IoT
the internet of things is the connection of a range of devices to one another over networks such as wifi and the internet.
production scales
one off
batch
mass
what is six sigma
a method that provides organizations tools to improve the capability of their business processes.
define, measure, analyse, control, improve
5 stages of a risk assesment
I'd er... review Identify Decide Evaluate Record Review
difference between QC and QA
While quality assurance relates to how a process is performed or how a product is made, quality control is more the inspection aspect of quality management. QA is during the process and QC is checks after
what are scrums
a project management system that involves focusing on the organisation of workforce teams to reduce the lead times of products
what is TQM
total quality management
ensuring QA is improved through all areas in the workplace through continual improvement
what is CPA
critical path analysis
a project management method used to analyse all individual stages within a project and plan effective and time efficient completion of each element within the desired schedule
renewable energy sources
wind hydro solar pv wave tidal geothermal biomass
what is a keep cup
reusable coffee cup
