Important Scientists

Question 1

Copernicus

Answer 1

He developed the heliocentric theory. He wrote a book in 1543 titled On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres which was written in the vernacular. (Polish) He made the calendar more accurate for the RCC which enabled them to predict religious holidays easier.

Question 2

Ptolemy

Answer 2

Was a Greek philosopher around the year 200 AD. He backed up Aristotle’s ideas of a geocentric earth and was very similar to Aristotle

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

He was an ancient Greek philosopher in the 300s BC and proposed the geocentric theory where the earth was the center of the universe and everything revolved around it. He also said the stars were crystals in the sky in a fixed position.

Question 4

Benedetti

Answer 4

He found out that the more surface area there was, the slower an object would go. If you lessen the surface area, the object goes faster. Surface area impacts flight of objects. Centrifcal force was found out by him.

Question 5

Brahe

Answer 5

He found a new star in the sky disproving Aristotle’s theory. He discovered the comet of 1577. He found out that the object was moving in a circular path. His assistant was Kepler.

Question 6

Kepler

Answer 6

Was the assistant to Brahe before he died for 11 years. He interpreted Brahe’s data after his death. He discovered that planets were going at different speeds. He developed the 3 laws of planetary motion. When planets were positioned further away from the sun, they move slower than planets that were closer to the sun which moved faster due to gravitational pull. He also developed elliptical orbit, which means that planets move in oval shaped orbits.

Question 7

Descartes

Answer 7

Created the (x,y) axis. He developed slope.

Question 8

Newton

Answer 8

He put all of these ideas of all the previous scientists together. He found the Halley comet to return in 77 years. He is the founder of the law of gravity. Why planets orbit the sun in irregular orbits.

Question 9

Galen

Answer 9

He was an ancient Greek biologist who thought the central blood system was in the liver. He was wrong about most of his predictions.

Question 10

Francis Bacon

Answer 10

Developed the modern day 5 step Scientific Method and said that the only true way to gain knowledge was through experimentation and observation.

Question 11

Vesalius

Answer 11

He was a leading anatomist in the 1500’s who developed the most detailed drawings of the human body. He dissected deceased bodies of criminals who were executed.

Question 12

Boyle

Answer 12

He was often called the father of modern chemistry. He wrote a book in 1661 called The Sceptical Chemist that described matter as a cluster of tiny particles and said that matter was changed when the atoms were rearranged. He developed Boyle’s Law, which described how temperature, volume, and pressure affected gas.

Question 13

Harvey

Answer 13

Described the heart as the central blood system and drew diagrams of how the heart worked.

Question 14

Celsius

Answer 14

Is a unit of measurement developed by a scientist in the Scientific Revolution.

Question 15

Fahrenheit

Answer 15

Another scientist who developed a different unit of measurement during the Scientific Revolution.

Question 16

Tartaglia

Answer 16

He found out that cannonballs don’t fall perpendicularly to the ground. He was interested in why the flight of the cannonball was curving down. One of his theories was air resistance. He figured out water displacement and surface area.

Question 17

Geocentric Theory

Answer 17

The theory developed by Aristotle that states that the earth is the center of the universe and that everything revolves around the earth.

Question 18

Heliocentric Theory

Answer 18

The theory that the sun is the center of the solar system and that the earth and all the other planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.

Question 19

Starry Messenger

Answer 19

A book published that was a 24 pg book with many pictures and simple terms describing the heliocentric theory and other findings of Galileo that went against the church.

Question 20

Scientific Method

Answer 20

Developed by Francis Bacon in 1620.

Question 21

Laws of Planetary Motion

Answer 21

Developed by Kepler stating that one: Planets’ orbits are slower away from the sun since there is a lack of gravitational pull and faster when it is closer to the sun due to a higher gravitational pull. Also that the planets orbit in elliptical orbit which means the orbits are not circular.

Question 22

Law of Gravity

Answer 22

Developed by Issac Newton. Helped explain why objects orbited the sun in ellipses. He wrote a Great Book Calle THe Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy also known as the Prinicpia.

Question 23

On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres

Answer 23

Published by Nicholas Copernicus in 1453.

Question 24

Leeuwenhoek

Answer 24

In the 1600’s he developed a microscope that allowed him to look a plant cells, red blood cells, bacteria, yeast, and other microorganisms.

Question 25

On the Fabric of the Human Body

Answer 25

A book written by Vesalius taking about his findings on the human body.

Question 26

On the Motion of the Heart and Blood

Answer 26

a book written by William Harvey talking about the circulatory system and the heart of humans.

Question 27

Lavoisier

Answer 27

He developed methods for precise measurements in the 1700’s. He discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass, which proved that matter could not be created or destroyed. He recognized and named oxygen, and invented the first periodic table which included 33 elements.