Important people in evolution

Question 1

John ray

Answer 1

established the modern concept of species

Question 2

Linnaeus

Answer 2

created the two part naming system for genus and species

Question 3

Marry Anning

Answer 3

Worked as a fossil hunter and uncovered the first plesiosaur, her work was confirmed by Georges Cuvier, the founder of paleontology

Question 4

Georges Cuvier

Answer 4

was a paleontologist
found that each stratum (layer of rock) was characterized by a unique group of fossils and the deeper(older) the stratum was, the more different the species were with respect to anything that was walking around during his lifetime
did not believe in evolution. He believed in catastrophism.

Question 5

Charles Lyell

Answer 5

rejected catastrophism

believed in uniformitarianism

Question 6

Jean Lamark

Answer 6

His theory used two common ideas of his time: 1) Traits that were acquired in an organism’s lifetime could be passed down to that organism’s offspring
2) Use and disuse - parts of the body used on a regular basis become larger and stronger; those not used would deteriorate and disappear

Question 7

Thomas Malthus

Answer 7

wrote Essay on the Principles of Population that explained how populations might change over time • Key idea was that populations produce far more offspring than their environments can support. Only some will survive.

Question 8

Alfred Wallace

Answer 8

made observations and conclusions independently that were similar to Darwin’s. Darwin and Wallace recognized the importance of Malthus’s essay

Question 9

Darwin’s hypothesis

Answer 9

we all came from a common ancestor (a single organism) and different environmental conditions/habitats lead to different variations/ adaptations and great diversity. Descent with modification-natural selection is not necessarily indicative of progress (improvement) but simply change based on surviving local environmental conditions

Question 10

Paleontology

Answer 10

the science of the form of life existing in former geologic periods, represented by their fossils

Question 11

Catastrophism

Answer 11

the belief that certain vast geological changes in the earth’s history were caused by catastrophic events rather that slow and gradual changes

Question 12

Uniformitarianism

Answer 12

that natural processes operated in the past in the same way and at the same rate as they operate today

Question 13

Gradualism

Answer 13

the principle of achieving a goal by gradual steps rather than drastic change