Important People

Question 1

Etienne-Jules Marey

Answer 1

• Studied movement in men, horses, and birds. - Invented a chronophotographic camera with a timed shutter - First to film on paper - All cameras created afterward followed his model -Influenced Thomas Edison and Louis Lumiere - Created the pantograpgh to study the movement of birds - His book, Le Vol des Oiseaux, inspired the Wright brothers.

Question 2

Eadweard Muybridge

Answer 2

• Used photography to study movement in horses - Helped photography earn recognition as an art

Question 3

Gilles-Louis Chretien

Answer 3

• Created the physionotrace, which was used for tracing silhouettes and scaling them down to size

Question 4

Johann Heinrich Schulze

Answer 4

• Proved that certain chemicals (such as silver, salt, and chalk) changed color due to light exposure, not heat.

Question 5

Thomas Wedgewood

Answer 5

• Made profiles by the agency of light - profiles with silver nitrate faded over time

Question 6

Sir Humphrey Davey

Answer 6

• Published the work of Thomas Wedgewood, which inspired others to perform their own experiments

Question 7

R. W. Paul

Answer 7

• Improved the kinetoscope by adding a Maltese cross device - He, along with Brit Acres, is considered the father of the British film industry

Question 8

Otway, Woodville, and Gray Lantham

Answer 8

• Created “loops” that relieved the tension on film reels with more than 50 feet of film

Question 9

Thomas Armant and C. Francis Jenkins

Answer 9

• Developed a projector called the “phantoscope” - The phantoscope was later “sold” to Edison by Jenkins and renamed the vitascope

Question 10

The Lumiere Brothers

Answer 10

• Studied edison’s kinetograph trying to improve it - Created the “cinematograph” - Are considered to be the fathers of the cinamatic experience - Created the “Train Arriving in the Station”

Question 11

Emile Reynaud

Answer 11

• Creator of the praxinoscope

Question 12

Joseph Niepce

Answer 12

• Father of photography as we know it. - Also created heliograpghs

Question 13

Louis Daguerre

Answer 13

Created clear, still images on silvered copperplate by 1839

Question 14

Willaim Henry Fox Tabot

Answer 14

• Father of MODERN photography as we know it due to his invention of the paper print - Cut down on exposure time - Created the negative print (meaning the same photo could be printed more than once, which was vital to the film industry

Question 15

Hannibal Goodwin

Answer 15

• INVENTED celluloid film

Question 16

George Eastman

Answer 16

• PATENTED celluloid film

Question 17

Thomas Edison

Answer 17

• Inspired by Muybridge to combine motion picture with his photograph machine

Question 18

William Kennedy-Laurie Dickenson

Answer 18

• Head of Edison’s motion picture project.
• Created the kinetograph and is considered, by some, to be the father of the motion picture camera.
• Became a part of the K. M. C. D. syndicate after “leaving” Edison
• Helped form Biograph, which:

1. Created the mutoscope
2. Was the first to use 70mm film

Question 19

Alice Guy Blache

Answer 19

• First female director.
• Formed the studio “Solax” in 1910

Question 20

Harry Davis and John Harris

Answer 20

• Coverted a storefront to a permanent theatre in 1905
• It was called a “Nickolodian” because admission was only a nickle

Question 21

Charles Pathe

Answer 21

• Started Pathe Freres in 1894, which:

1. Instituted a vertical system of control
2. Built Cameras/Projectors
3. Produced Films
4. Owned Theatres for exhibition

Question 22

Leon Gaumont

Answer 22

• Founded Gaumont Studios
• was the first example of the “Studio System”
• Firts to use a female director in his studio

Question 23

G. A. Smith and James Williamson

Answer 23

• Formed the Brighton School, where students eperimented with camera work/editing.

Question 24

Cecil Hepworth

Answer 24

• Invented crosscutting (editing to show two lines of action in a different location), which creates suspense
• Most famous film is “Rescued by Rover”

Question 25

J. Stuart Blackton

Answer 25

• Founded Vitagrapgh, which:

1. Was a pioneer in motion picture animation (first animated motion picture was called “The Humerous Phases of Funny Faces”) .
2. Merged with Warner Bros. in the mid 1920s

Question 26

George Melies

Answer 26

• Considered the pioneer of narrative development.
• Tried to buy a camera from the Lumierre Brothers, but was turned down
• When turned down by the Lumierre Bros., he bought a projector and turned it into a camera.
• Was not the first to tint film, but was the first to hand paint items directly onto the film.
• Considered the first master of mise-en-scene
• Best know for his film “A Trip to the Moon”, which was filmed in 1902
• Founded “Star Film Company” in 1896
• Built a glass studio in 1897
• Made over 500 films, but only about 140 survived
• Was part of the Edison Trust

Question 27

Winsor McCay

Question 28

Edwin Porter

Question 29

David Wark Griffeth

(D. W. Griffeth)

Answer 29

• His films were influenced by Shakespear
• He idolized Broadway’s David Belasco
• Married his first wife (Linda Arvidson, Actress) in 1906 (they separated 3 years later, and got an official divorce in 1936)
• Was hired by Biograph in 1907 after working with Edwin Porter
• Made over 140 one-reel (15 minute) movies
• His first film was called “The adventures of Dollie”
• Left Biograph for Mutual/Reliance-Majestic in 1913
• Griffeth started “Birth of a Nation” in 1914
• Griffeth was one of the four founders of the United Artists Association

Question 30

Mack Sennet

Answer 30

• Father of slapstick comedy
• Assistant to David Wark Griffeth

Question 31

Mable Normand

Answer 31

• Engaged to Mack Sennet (later caught Sennet cheating)
• Always did her own stunts
• Was injured during a stunt
• Became addicted to pain meds
• Was a suspect in William Desmond Taylor’s murder
• Dies of T.B.

Question 32

Charles Chaplain

Answer 32

• Would show people how to act out specific scenes
• Great rags to riches story
• Joined Fred Karno’s company as “The Heckler”
• Hated Mable Normand directing him
• Possibly the first actor to receive a million dollar contract.
• Founded “Chaplain Studios” on Sunset Blvd.
• Received the longest standing ovation in Hollywood history.

Question 33

Samual Goldfish & Edgar Selwyn

Answer 33

• Founded Goldwyn picture Corp.

Question 34

Carl Laemmle

Answer 34

• Founder of Universal Pictures
• First producer to give an actor/actress credit on screen

Question 35

Adolph Zukor

Answer 35

• Founder of Famous Players

Question 36

Jesse Casky

Answer 36

• Founder of Feature Play Co.

Question 37

Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack Warner

Answer 37

• Founders of Warner Bros. Studios

Question 38

Florence Lawrence

Answer 38

• First person to receive credit on screen

Question 39

Thomas Ince

Answer 39

• Sometimes reffered to as “The Father of westerns”
• Built the prototype of the Hollywood studio
• Implemented the assembly line process common in the studio system
• built “Inceville” (the first studio to have all the necesities in one place)
• First to put the producer in charge of the film
• First to hire screenwriters, directors, and production managers.