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Microbiology > Important People > Flashcards

Important People Flashcards

1
Q

Made the earliest MICROSCOPIC(by Galileo) observations on bees and weevils

A

Francesco Stelluti (1625&1630)

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2
Q
  • FIRST TRUE MICROBIOLOGIST
  • “animalcules”
  • First to accurately observe and describe microorganism
  • Used his self-made single lens with 50-300x magnification
A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

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3
Q

Life arouse from non-living matter

A

Spontaneous generation

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4
Q

Simpler invertebrates could arise from spontaneous generation

A

Aristotle (384-322 BC)

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5
Q
  • maggots do not arise spontaneously from decaying meat

- serious blow to belief of nonlife to life

A

Francesco (1626-1697)

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6
Q

Proposed that ORGANIC MATTER possessed “VITAL FORCE” that could give rise to life
-boiled mutton broth ➡️ cloudy(microorganisms)

A

John Needham (1748)

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7
Q

Proved Needham using boiled water and seeds

“No growth” as long as it is sealed

A

Lazzaro Spallanzi (1729-1799)

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8
Q

Living cells can rise can rise only from PREEXISTING living cells

A

Biogenesis

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9
Q

Biogenesis

A

Rudolf Virchow (1858)

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10
Q

Air pass through a red -hot tube didn’t produce growth

A

Theodore Schwann (1810-1882)

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11
Q

No growth after allowing air to pass through sterile cotton wool placed in a flask of heat-sterilized medium

A

Goerg Friedrich Schroder and Theodore Von Dusch

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12
Q

1 resolve the issue of spontaneous generation
2 air carries microorganisms
3 microorganisms can be present on nonliving
4 HEAT STERILIZATION
5 living did not came from nonliving

A

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

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13
Q

Heat resistant bacterial spores

A

Ferdinand Cohn

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14
Q

Tyndillization: 3 day sterilization

*dust carry germs that contaminate sterile broth

A

John Tyndall (1820-1893)

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15
Q

Pasteur’s Contribution to Science

A

1 disproved spontaneous generation
2 develop vaccines against Anthrax (1881) and rabies (1885)
3 improved the wine industry (theory of fermentation) : In the absence of air yeasts convert sugar to alcohol

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16
Q

Created a porcelain bacterial filter (1884)

Develop anthrax vaccine with Pasteur

A

Charles Chamberland

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17
Q

The Germ Theory of Disease

A

Microorganisms might cause disease

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18
Q

ANTISEPTIC SYSTEM OF SURGERY

use phenol for treating surgical wounds and spray phenol over the surgical area

A

Joseph Lister (1827-1912)

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19
Q

1 first proof that bacteria cause disease
2 discovered BACILLUS ANTHRACIS: causative agent of anthrax (1876-1877)
3 discovered MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (1882)
4 first to culture bacteria in boiled potatoes, gelatin and used meat extracts and protein digests for cultivation
5 develop culture media for observing growth of bacteria isolates from human body

A

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

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20
Q

Koch’s postulates 1884

A

1 microorganisms are in sick individuals
2 suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
3 same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host
4 the same organism must be isolated again from the diseased host

21
Q

WITH KOCH:

Fannie Eilshemius Hesse

A

Suggested the USE OF AGAR as a solidifying agent

22
Q

WITH KOCH:

Richard Petri

A

PETRI DISH PLATE

23
Q

WITH KOCH:

Martinus Beijerinck and Sergie Winogradsky

A

Developed the ENRICHMENT-CULTURE TECHNIQUE and the use of selective media

24
Q

Against SMALL POX

*scrappings from cowpox and scratched it into a healthy individual using a needle

A

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

25
Q

Used the term VACCINE: use of avirulent microorganisms

Used ATTENUATED CULTURE KNOWN AS VACCINE

A

Pasteur

26
Q

Prepared antitoxins for diphtheria and tetanus

A

Emil Von Behring

27
Q

Treatment of disease using chemical substances

For chemical treatment of noninfectious diseases

A

Chemotherapy

28
Q

CHEMOTHERAPY

Prepared from chemicals in the laboratory

A

Synthetic drugs

29
Q

CHEMOTHERAPY

Produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against microorganisms

A

Antibiotics

30
Q

Discovered SALVARSAN(ARSPHENAMINE) for treatment of syphilis

A

Paul Ehrlich

31
Q

Discovered PENICILLIN (penicillium notatum)

A

Alexander Flemming

32
Q

Made the purification process for penicillin

A

Howard Foley and Ernst Chain

33
Q

Disease was caused by invisible living creatures

A

Girolamo Fracastoro (98-55 BC)

34
Q

First classification of bacteria

A

Muller (1786)

35
Q

Cell theory

A

Schwann and Schleiden (1838-1839)

36
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Metchnikoff 1884

37
Q

Grams stain

A

Hans Christian Gram 1884

38
Q

Complement is discovered by

A

Bordet 1895

39
Q

Malaria is carried by mosquito

A

Ross 1896

40
Q

Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes

A

Reed 1900

41
Q

Treponema pallidum causes syphilis

A

Schaudinn and Hoffman 1906

42
Q

First Transmission Electron Microscope

A

Ruska 1933

43
Q

Divided living into prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Chatton (1937)

44
Q

Streptomycin

A

Waksman (1944)

45
Q

Yellow fever vaccine

A

Theiler 1951

46
Q

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique is developed by

A

Yalow (1954)

47
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Crick and Watson (1962)

48
Q

Identified and isolated HIV

A

Gallo and Montagnier (1983-84)

49
Q

Discovered PCR

A

Mullis (1983-84)

Microbiology (4 decks)

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