Important People

Question 1

Vesalius

Answer 1

Six Anatomical Pictures (1538)
The Fabric of the Human Body(1543)
findings encouraged others to question Galen
showed dissection of humans was important
Described anatomy
Didn’t have a big impact on diagnosis or treatment but helped understanding of anatomy

Question 2

Sydenham

Answer 2

Believed in practical experience
Wrote detailed observations and kept accurate records of symptoms
Medical observations’(1676) - used for 200 years
Helped diagnose patients more easily
Eg Iron to treat anaemia
He classified diseases

Question 3

Harvey

Answer 3

Theorised and proved circulating blood
Proved theory of 2 blood types wrong
Proved dissection was important
Changed understanding of anatomy
Without Harvey, blood transfusions and complex surgery couldn’t be attempted
However, medical treatments and surgical techniques were still basic

Question 4

Jenner

Answer 4

Discovered people with cow pox didn’t get small pox
Injected small boy with cow pox the small pox and the boy didn’t catch small pox
1853 - compulsory to get vaccination
Big fall of small pox in Britain
Could not create more vaccines cause a lack of understanding of how it worked

Question 5

Pasteur

Answer 5

Proved germs were in the air
1861 - germ theory - microbes in the air caused decay (germs cause disease)

Question 6

Koch

Answer 6

Linked disease with the microbe
Discovered the bacteria that caused tuberculosis(1882) and cholera(1883)

Question 7

Simpson

Answer 7

Discovered the effects of chloroform in 1847
First anesthetic
Widely used during operation and childbirth
Can die suddenly

Question 8

Lister

Answer 8

Antiseptic
Used carboxylic acid in 1860s - reduced infection
Used germs theory - put it on instruments clothes and bandages
Reduced death rates - 50% to 15%
Number of operations increased

Question 9

Snow

Answer 9

Showed connection of cholera and contaminated water
1855 - report ‘on the moderately of communication of cholera’

Question 10

Florence Nightingale

Answer 10

Decreased death rates in Suctar Hospital from 42% to 2%
1859 ‘Notes on Nursing ‘ - need for hygiene
Set up Nightingale School of Nursing
1900 - 64000 trained nurses
1999 - Nurses Registration Act - training was compulsory

Question 11

Fleming

Answer 11

Discovered penicillin
Growing staphylococci for experiment
Fungal spore - stopped staphylococci from growing
Published findings between 1929-31

Question 12

Florey and Chain

Answer 12

Production of penicillin
Freeze drying technique - didn’t have resources to produce in large amounts
Florey took it to America
Nobel Prize in (1945)