Important People Flashcards
Galen
Greek Physician 150AD
Gladiator Doctor in Rome
Dissection of animals
Theory of Opposites
Design Theory
Very religious - God made body work
Disease punishment from God
Combined Greek and Roman ideas
Ideas dominated western medicine until 1500s
Hippocrates
Ancient Greece 400BD
Clinical observation
Hippocratic Oath
Natural causes of disease
Four humours
Disease an imbalance of humours
Louis Pasteur
William Harvey
1578-1657
English doctor
Discovered circulation
Observed how muscles worked
Read italian anatomists added to it
Dissected and studied human hearts
Experimented - pumping liquid wrong wa
Wrote De Motu Cordis
Did not know about capillaries, why blood circulated
Challenged Galen and blood letting
Criticised for challenging Galen
Rhazes
Islamic doctor 865-925
Distinguished smallpox from measles
Followed Glen but critical
150 books
Avicenna
980-1037
Canon of medicine - encyclopaedia of greek and islamic medicine
760 drugs listed eg laudanum
European textbook till 17C
Ibn al-Nafis
13C
Galen wrong about heart
Claimed blood circulated via lungs
Books not read in West
Islam forbade dissection
Abulcasis
Muslim surgeon
Wrote 30 volume book Al Tasrif
Invented 26 surgical instruments
Popularised cauterisation
Hugh of Lucca and son Theodoric
1267
Criticised idea pus needed for wound to heal
Used wine to reduce infection
New methods to remove arrows
Ideas clashed with Hippocrates so not accepted
Mondini de Luzzi
Led interest in Anatomy 14C
Wrote Anathomia dissection manual for 200yrs
1315 supervised public dissection in Bologna
Body didn’t fit Galen’s description - Body was wrong!
Guy De Chauliac
French surgeon
Wrote Geeat Surgery 1363
Quoted Galen 890 times
Referenced Greek and islamic writers
Opposed Lucca’s ideas so they didn’t catch on
John of Arderne
Most famous surgeon in medieval England
Set up Guild of Surgeons London 1368
Wrote surgical manual Practica based on greek and arab knowledge and his 100 year war experience
Specialised in anal abscess treatment
Andreas Vesalius
1514-1564 Belgian
Studied in Paris
Prof Surgery Uni of Padua Italy
Questionned Galen’s opinions
Rennaisance approach
Did dissections to learn
Wrote The Fabric of the Human Body 1543
Proved Galen’s mistakes eg breastbone
Criticised for syaing Galen wrong
Had to leave Padua
Doctor to Emperer Charles V
Thomas Geminus copied his illustrations in Compendiosa a manual for barber surgeons
Ambroise Pare
Translated Vesalius’ work
Queen Elizabeth I surgeon William Clowes publicised Pare’s work
Improved wound treatment
Cauterised wounds
Invented Crow’s beak clamp
Designed false limbs
Robert Koch
