Important People

Question 1

Murray Bowen

Answer 1

Founder of Bowen Family Therapy

Key Concepts: Differentiation of self, triangulation, reducing anxiety and emotional reactivity

Question 2

Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy

Answer 2

Founder of Contextual Family Therapy

Key concepts: Emphasis on fairness, reliability and trustworthiness, loyalty

Question 3

William McDougall

Answer 3

Published The Group Mind in 1920 in which he describes how a group’s continuity depends on boundaries for differentiation of function and on customs and habits to make relationships predictable

Question 4

Theodore Lidz

Answer 4

Focused on role reciprocity in marital relationships. Identified two types of marital discord: marital schism and marital skew

Question 5

Lyman Wynne

Answer 5

Through his work with schizophrenic families, Wynne observed the concepts of pseudomutuality, pseudohostility, and the rubber fence

Question 6

Initiated the child guidance movement in the early 1900s in Vienna. Broadened the understanding of psychological problems from a purely intrapsychic view to include the social context

Answer 6

Alfred Adler

Question 7

Two physicians who opened the first marriage counseling center in New York City in 1929

Answer 7

Abraham and Hannah Stone

Question 8

Begun the Marriage Council of Philadelphia in 1932. Helped found the American Association of Marriage Counselors in 1941, which became the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy in 1979.

Answer 8

Emily Mudd

Question 9

Introduced conjoint therapy (both spouses seen together) in marriage counseling in 1959

Answer 9

Don Jackson

Question 10

An Austrian psychiatrist who created psychodrama, a combination of group therapy and theatrical techniques

Answer 10

Jacob Moreno

Question 11

Started multiple family group therapy in 1950 at Creedmor State Hospital in NY.

Answer 11

Peter Laqueur

Question 12

Founded the journal, Family Process in the 1960s

Answer 12

Nathan Ackerman and Don Jackson

Question 13

First editor of the Family Process journal

Answer 13

Jay Haley

Question 14

Developed General Systems Theory in the 1940s

Answer 14

Ludwig von Bertalanffy

Question 15

Considered the father of family therapy and was among the first to work with whole families. Strong proponent of the need to consider intra-psychic phenomena when working with families.

Answer 15

Nathan Ackerman

Question 15

Considered the father of family therapy and was among the first to work with whole families. Strong proponent of the need to consider intra-psychic phenomena when working with families.

Answer 15

Nathan Ackerman

Question 16

Among the first to treat families. Used an approach called family group therapy in which he worked with multiple families together. Found that families in therapy proceed through stages and structured his work to concentrate on those stages

Answer 16

John Bell

Question 17

Key Figures at MRI

Answer 17

Gregory Bateson, John Weakland, William Fry, Don Jackson, Jay Haley, and Virginia Satir

Question 18

Studied patterns, processes, and organization in communication. One of the developers of communication theory

Answer 18

Gregory Bateson

Question 19

Developed a model of problem-focused family therapy called brief therapy, in which he used directives to get families to change their behaviors.

Answer 19

Jay Haley

Question 20

Interested in communication but added the dimension of feelings, or affect, to her work. Became a leading figure in the human potential movement.

Answer 20

Virginia Satir

Question 21

Well-known hypnotist in Phoenix. Believed in the possibility of rapid change and his ability to turn people’s natural reluctance to change (resistance) to a therapeutic advantage. Used paradoxical techniques.

Answer 21

Milton Erickson

Question 22

Originated the term schizophrenogenic mother. Blamed parents, particularly mothers, for their children’s symptoms.

Answer 22

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann

Question 23

Developed the symbolic-experiential family therapy model in which he both supported and goaded patients and families, working in ways that were deeper and more personal than his contemporaries. The first to encourage the use of co-therapists.

Answer 23

Carl Whitaker

Question 24

Founder of Structural Family Therapy

Key concepts: hierarchy, boundaries, subsystems, enmeshment, disengagement

Answer 24

Salvador Minuchin

Question 25

Adopted the MRI group model and founded the Institute for Family Studies in Milan. Founded Milan systemic therapy in 1967.

Answer 25

Maria Selvini Palazzoli

Question 26

Founded neuro-linguistic programming in the 1970s

Answer 26

Richard Bandler and John Grinder

Question 27

Founded narrative therapy in Australia and New Zealand.

Answer 27

Michael White and David Epston

Question 28

Developed solution-focused therapy in Milwaukee

Answer 28

Steve de Shazer and Insoo Berg

Question 29

Developed collaborative language systems

Answer 29

Harlene Anderson and Harry Goolishian

Question 30

Developed multiple impact therapy in Galveston, TX

Answer 30

Robert MacGregor

Question 31

Developed network therapy for assisting families in crisis by assembling their entire social network

Answer 31

Ross Speck and Carolyn Attneave

Question 32

Developed the concepts of family homeostasis and family rules

Answer 32

Don Jackson

Question 33

One of the leading proponents of social construction theory

Answer 33

Lynn Hoffman

Question 34

Founders of Solution-Focused Therapy

Answer 34

Steve de Shazer and Insoo Berg