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Boards Exam > Important Information > Flashcards

Important Information Flashcards

1
Q

What type of medications are particularly useful in COPD patients?

A

Steroids

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2
Q

ABG PaO2 value minimum for COPD pt

A

60

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3
Q

Why BiPAP for COPD patients

A

You want to prefer BiPAP if possible because you do NOT want to put them on the vent. **They are very hard to get off the vent

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4
Q

When dx sleep apnea, which test do you want to start out with, and which test is used to definitively dx OSA?

A

Start with oximetry testing, if abnormal, polysomnogram is used to confirm the diagnosis.

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5
Q

O2 ventilation with a TBI

A

Start with 100% FiO2 via non-breather aiming for SpO2 of >95%

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6
Q

What is Mannitol typically used for?

A

For TBI
Specifically via IV if the patient is posturing

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7
Q

When should you initiate O2 therapy

A

When the adult PaO2 is <60/90% sats or <50 in infants

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8
Q

CPAP should be initiated when severe shunting is involved, how do you know when severe shunting is occuring?

A

P/F ratio <200 or cannot obtain adequate O2 on 50% FiO2
**PaO2<50 on >50% FiO2

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9
Q

epiglottitis is caused by what type of infection? What about Croup?

A

epiglottitis is caused by bacterial, croup is viral

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10
Q

Thumb sign

A

indicates epiglottitis on lateral chest x ray

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11
Q

steeple sign

A

indicates croup

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12
Q

unilateral wheezing

A

FBA

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13
Q

pulsus paradoxus is defined by what

A

BP change of 10mmHg or greater during inhalation. Should increase on exhalation and decrease during inhalation

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14
Q

is croup subglottic or supraglottic

A

subglotic

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15
Q

A kid with copious secretions probably has what?

A

bronchiolitis

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16
Q

BNP evaluates what?

A

CHF. **Rule out CHF is <100

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17
Q

Troponin levels

A

0-0.2

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18
Q

CK is elevated when?

A

When there is an MI or damage to the heart muscles

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19
Q

% of predicted values from PFTs that are used to categorize severity

A

mild-70-79
moderate- 50-69
severe- <49
Normal is 80 to 120% of predicted

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20
Q

Memiscus sign

A

Indicates pleural effusion on CXR

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21
Q

Imaging test for cancer

A

PET

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22
Q

Imaging test for P.E.

A

CT

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23
Q

Normal CO levels

A

<1.5%,

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24
Q

Normal MetHg levels

A

<1.5%

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25
Q

Severity of sleep apnea

A

Measured via AHI index or RDI (respiratory disturbance index)
Mild 5-14/hour
moderate 15-30/hour
severe >30
Normal apnea-hypopnea index is 1-4

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26
Q

Pulse, RR, and BP for infants

A

90-170
RR 35-45
BP 84-52 mmHg

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27
Q

Ejection fraction range

A

65-75%

28
Q

Cardiac Index value

A

2.5-4

29
Q

CO

A

Normal is 4-8Lpm

30
Q

CVP/PAWP values

A

CVP 2-6mmHg
PAWP 6-12 mmHg

31
Q

How to approximate the normal level of deadspace in a person

A

Should assume a deadspace value equal to 1mL per pound of IBW

32
Q

When should you pull back or rotate the catheter in the heart?

A

When a dampened waveform appears

33
Q

How to calculate TLC or RV

A

TLC = FRC + IC
RV = FRC - ERV

34
Q

Lumbar puncture is a diagnostic test for which dz process?

A

GB syndrome
It will show elevated protein with LOW WBC

35
Q

Which studies can be done for Guillane Barre

A

electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS)
**Dtudies will show slowing and/or blockage of the nerve conduction

36
Q

A positive tensilon test tells you what?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

37
Q

Explain what outcome of the tensilon test suggests MG

A

Dramatic improvement in muscle strength within 1 minute of being administered

38
Q

Lidocaine concentrations and where they go

A
39
Q

APGAR scale assesses what 5 things

A

Appearance (s/s hypoxemia) Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and RR

40
Q

What APGAR score indicates the need for resuscitation measures?

A

0-3
4-6 requires supportive measures
7-10 is normal

41
Q

Why do babies start grunting?

A

Sign of distress, they are trying to generate their own PEEP

42
Q

When you are treating someone with INO therapy, what are you worried about?

A
43
Q

Diffuse crackles on auscultation indicates what dz process?

A

ARDS

44
Q

What are the two main tests used for sleep disorders?

A

Over-night oximetry or a definitive polysomnography

45
Q

Which test is used to help distinguish if a person has obstructive vs central sleep apnea?

A

Polysymnography
**If loss of airflow of >80% while there is NO RESP EFFORT proves central apnea

46
Q

What does a positive polysymnography test look like if the test is positive for OSA vs CSA

A

If the >80% drop in air flow occurs while there is still respiratory effort

47
Q

Dornase Alfa is the drug choice for what?

A

Cystic Fibrosis
**Works by breaking links in the DNA of the mucous

48
Q

What does TOBI treat?

A

Its used to treat pseudomonas aeruginosa

49
Q

TOBI and Pulmozyme (dornase Alfa) are being using together on a pt. What do you think is wrong with this pt?

A

CF
the pulmozyme is used to treat the secretions while the TOBI is used to treat psuedo aeru. which is a common infection found in patients with Cystic Fibrosis

50
Q

If CVP and PAP is high…

A

Lung issue

51
Q

Increased VCP indicates

A

Cor Pulmonale

52
Q

If PAWP and PAP are increased indicates

A

Lt sided HF

53
Q

bilateral fluffy infiltrates on CXR

A

think CHF
Lt HF is used interchangeably with congestive HF

54
Q

When the balloon is inflated in a PAC, what is being measured

A

it is taking a PAWP measurement, which is the preload of your left ventricle
–Your BP measures the after load of the left ventricle

55
Q

The proximal port of the PAC measures what?

A

the CVP, which is your preload of the right ventricle

56
Q

The distal port will measure PAWP when inflated, but when it is deflated, what is it measuring?

A

your PAP, which is your afterload of the right ventricle

57
Q

PAP value

A

20-30mmHg/6-15mmHg

58
Q

MAP value for your PAP

A

10-20 mmHg

59
Q

What is the significance of an elevated PAWP over 18?
(elevated is defined as being >12)

A

An elevated PAWP indicated that there is fluid overload, but when it is >18, its fluid overload in the lungs due to LEFT HF**

60
Q

Three main s/s of COPD

A

Dyspnea, chronic cough/sputum production, and exposure to risk factors

61
Q

ICP

A

10-15, but requires intervention when >20

62
Q

what changes in pip vs plat show a compliance/airway resistance problem?

A

Plateau will not change, but your PiP will increase over time if it is an AIRWAY RESISTANCE PROBLEM

63
Q

Moderate COPD FEV1

A

50-79%

64
Q

Severe COPD FEV1

A

30-49%

65
Q

very severe COPD FEV1

A

<30%

66
Q

What drugs to treat severe COPD

A

Fluticasone (inhhaled steroids) and salmeterol (LABA)

67
Q

Drugs to treat moderate COPD

A

LABA and LAMA (tiotropium)

Boards Exam (4 decks)

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