Important Ideas

Question 1

Nepotism

Answer 1

When jobs are given to family regardless of merit.

Question 2

Simony

Answer 2

When jobs are paid for, not owned. This is how many Popes, bishops, cardinals, etc. were elected their positions. Some were never really elected at all. Corrupt elections= corrupt church policy.

Question 3

Indulgences

Answer 3

A slip of paper sold by the Catholic Church to guarantee a reduced time spent in purgatory, the place where you go after death to work off your sins.

Question 4

Sale of icons and relics

Answer 4

The RCC knowingly sold false icons and relics to the members of the church such as pieces of wood that were said to have come off of the cross Jesus was crucified on. Or a vial of water that were said to be the tears of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Question 5

Tithe

Answer 5

When people give a certain % of their salary to the church. If you did not tithe during the Reformation, you could be ex-communicated.

Question 6

St. Peter’s Basilica

Answer 6

This massive 452 foot tall Cathedral took 176 years to construct. (1450-1626) and was issued to be built by Pope Julius II. To build this colossal cathedral, he tore down the original St. Peter’s cathedral and built over top of it. This was considered sacrilegious. This enormous cathedral cost $48,000,000 to build in sixteenth century money. That is why the RCC had to sell so many indulgences, raise taxes, sell icons and relics, and make tithes mandatory. All to fund the building of these ornate cathedrals.

Question 7

Printing Press

Answer 7

Johannes Gutenberg invented this revolutionary design in the mid 1400’s. It made printing books cheaper so everybody could buy them. It also increased the literacy rate among people and allowed them to form their own opinions about Christianity instead of the Catholic Priests always telling them what to believe and interoperate.

Question 8

96 Theses

Answer 8

Written by Martin Luther criticizing the sale of indulgences. He posted these 95 Theses on the door of the church in the University of Wittenberg.

Question 9

In Praise of Folly

Answer 9

A book written by Desiderious Erasmus.

Question 10

Utopia

Answer 10

A book written by Sir Thomas More that introduced the idea of a perfect society. It also criticized the English government.

Question 11

Papal Bull

Answer 11

Latin word for order. A form saying that you need to stop what you are doing and repent for it. This was issued from the RCC. Usually threatened with ex-communication. On June 15,1520 Pope Leo X issued a Papal Bull to Martin Luther threatening him with excommunication.

Question 12

Diet of Worms

Answer 12

Diet=meeting. The Diet of Worms was held in the city of Worms, Germany in the year 1521 on the day of May 26th. It was held by Pope Leo X and Charles V. Luther was already excommunicated in January of 1521 that year.

Question 13

Edict of Worms

Answer 13

Issued on May 26th, 1521. It was a document resulting in the Diet of Worms. Charles V declared Martin Luther an outlaw and heretic within the Holy Roman Empire. He had to live in a secluded castle all by himself for a year so nobody captured him.
A German Prince named Fredrick allowed him to stay in that castle since he supported Luther’s beliefs.

Question 14

Excommunication

Answer 14

It is when the RCC exiles you from the Roman Catholic Church and condemns you to hell.

Question 15

Salvation

Answer 15

The idea that people who go to heaven are saved by Jesus Christ and go to heaven, not hell.

Question 16

Institutes on Christian Religion

Answer 16

A book written by John Calvin, the founder of Calvinism. This book gained great popularity among people and was the main reason in people converting to Calvinism. In other words, it is how John Calvin’s ideas spread to other people.

Question 17

Theocracy

Answer 17

A government in which the church and state are joined together. (Calvinism)

Question 18

Consistory

Answer 18

The religious police force in Geneva, Switzerland were called the consistory and were responsible for the punishing of sinful people. They followed the Bible very closely so the punishments were very harsh and barbaric. Stoning was a punishment as were other ancient punishments talked about in the Bible. The Consistory were parts of Calvinism.

Question 19

The Elect

Answer 19

The ones chosen for salvation by the idea of predestination.

Question 20

Geneva, Switzerland

Answer 20

A huge city in Switzerland where Calvinists lived. It was the capital for Calvinism.

Question 21

Presbyterian

Answer 21

Founded by John Knox, who was a calvinist. He split from Calvinism and moved to Scotland. During the religious turmoil there, his idea of faith, called Presbyterianism, emerged the victor.

Question 22

Anabaptist

Answer 22

A Christian Protestant religion. There are two main beliefs of Anabaptists. 1. No baptism until adulthood. They felt that children did not have the knowledge to commit genuine sin. 2. They were pacifists. They did not use violence. Methodists and Baptists are modern day offshoots of Anabaptism.

Question 23

Parliament

Answer 23

The second part of English government aside from the king. This was created in 1295 and only had the power to tax until 1534 when Henry VIII passed the Act of Supremacy which was the first non-tax bill that Parliament passed. Parliament is bicameral meaning “two houses”. The upper house was called the House of Lords. The king appointed these people and the position was Inherited. The lower house, The House of Commons, were elected by people represented the people. This means that they were just like normal people who were elected to run for the House of Commons.

Question 24

Annulment

Answer 24

A declaration from the RCC that a marraige was never valid and is now not valid. It is like a divorce within the church. The RCC still has annulments today.

Question 25

Act of Supremacy

Answer 25

In 1534 Henry VIII passed this act through Parliament to change the religion of the country form Roman Catholic to Protestant. This was the first non-tax act that Parliament passed. This act also declared Henry VIII the head of The Church of England. This bill ensured that the King or Queen would never have the same power again as the balance of power shifted from the Monarchs to the Parliament.

Question 26

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 26

In 1555, Charles V allows the German princes to legally convert to Protestantism. This is the first time protestants are legally recognized as a branch of Christianity.

Question 27

Council of Trent

Answer 27

Pope Paul III held the Council of Trent to reform the RCC. He attempted to clear the corruption of the RCC. He also made it mandatory that all priests were literate. They got rid of the sale of indulgences and relics. They made sure everybody was elected into the position they were holding, not by simony. However, they said that churches were going to be made even more ornate than before. This council lasted TEN YEARS just for one meeting.

Question 28

Jesuits

Answer 28

Created by a man named Ignatius Loyola. They were very intelligent and attended years and years of schooling. Jesuit schools were insanely expensive and are now in modern day some of the top schools around the world.

Question 29

Index of Forbidden Books

Answer 29

Pope Paul IV created a list of banned books to try to stop the spread of Protestantism. If you were caught with one of these books, the consequences were usually death.

Question 30

Justification by Faith Alone

Answer 30

A man does not need to do good works to get into heaven, but has to have faith alone and follow the word of God. He does not need to dress fancy or be rich, he can be a peasant or just a normal person. That is how one can be granted salvation.

Question 31

Catholic Reformation

Answer 31

Recognition that the RCC is at fault for some of the Protestant Reform Movements. Reforming the RCC to address corruption issues within the church. Internal assessment.

Question 32

Counter Reformation

Answer 32

Reaction by the RCC against the Protestant Reformation. Active attempts to stop the Protestant Reformation. It is an external assessment.