Important Facts

Question 1

What varies when data is collected?

Answer 1

Variable

Question 2

Which variable is the cause?

Answer 2

Independent Variable

Question 3

Which variable is the effect?

Answer 3

Dependent Variable

Question 4

What type of data is categorized but not ranked?

Answer 4

Nominal

Question 5

What type of data is ranked, but the space between rankings is meaningless?

Answer 5

Ordinal

Question 6

What type of data is ranked, has equal spacing between rankings, but zero is an arbitrary point?

Answer 6

Interval

Question 7

What type of data is ranked, has equal spacing between rankings, and zero means “none?”

Answer 7

Ratio

Question 8

What is a number that best represents the centre of a dataset called?

Answer 8

Central Tendency

Question 9

What is the central tendency measurement known to laymen as the “average?”

Answer 9

Mean

Question 10

What type of data can the mean be used with?

Answer 10

Interval and ratio

Question 11

What is the central tendency measurement that is the central value when the values are ordered from lowest to highest?

Answer 11

Median

Question 12

What types of data can the median be used with?

Answer 12

Ordinal, interval, and ratio

Question 13

What is the central tendency measurement that records how often a value occurs?

Answer 13

Mode

Question 14

What types of data can the mode be used with?

Answer 14

Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio

Question 15

What describes how much the data varies from the typical score?

Answer 15

Dispersion

Question 16

What is the difference between the highest and the lowest number?

Answer 16

Range

Question 17

What types of data can range be used with range?

Answer 17

Interval and ratio

Question 18

What is the only method of measuring dispersion in nominal-level data?

Answer 18

The variation ratio

Question 19

What is the average distance between data points and the mean?

Answer 19

Mean deviation

Question 20

What level of data is required to use mean or standard deviation?

Answer 20

Interval or ratio

Question 21

What is the square root of the average distance between data points squared?

Answer 21

Standard deviation

Question 22

What is everyone relevant to a study called?

Answer 22

Population

Question 23

What are “people being studied” called?

Answer 23

Sample

Question 24

What is the distribution called where the majority of cases are clustered at the mean and cases get smaller the further they are from the mean?

Answer 24

Normal distribution

Question 25

What is the hypothesis that there is no relationship between two variables called?

Answer 25

Null hypothesis

Question 26

What type of error is a false positive?

Answer 26

Type I

Question 27

What type of error is a false negative?

Answer 27

Type II

Question 28

What is the first step in hypothesis testing?

Answer 28

Make assumptions

Question 29

What is the second step in hypothesis testing?

Answer 29

State your hypotheses (research and null)

Question 30

What is the third step in hypothesis testing?

Answer 30

Pick the test

Question 31

What is the fourth step in hypothesis testing?

Answer 31

Calculate test statistics

Question 32

What is the fifth step in hypothesis testing?

Answer 32

Find critical value

Question 33

What is the sixth step in hypothesis testing?

Answer 33

Make a decision about the hypothesis

Question 34

What is the seventh step in hypothesis testing?

Answer 34

Decide the meaning of the finding

Question 35

What is a test for statistical significance that can be used with nominal or ordinal variables?

Answer 35

Chi-square

Question 36

What is the term for the results of a statistical analysis when using chi-square?

Answer 36

Observed values

Question 37

What is the term for the results of a statistical analysis if the null hypothesis were true?

Answer 37

Expected values

Question 38

What is the term for the minimum amount of information needed to fill out a chi-square chart?

Answer 38

Degrees of freedom