1. Judgment: inappropriate behavior. 2. Inhibitions: talkative, carefree. 3. Reaction Time: slowed movements and processing. 4. Coordination: impaired motor control, loss of balance.

Hard liquor. 1. Distilled alcoholic beverage with 2. NO sugar. 3. At least 40% ABV (80 proof).

Made from a spirit altered with added flavors and sweeteners. Apéritif = stimulate appetite; digestif = stimulate digestion.

Important Exam Info Flashcards by Alita Cunningham

What is a cocktail?

1) Base spirit
2) Modifier
3) Binder

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What are the two primary measuring options?

1) Pour top = goes on bottle (one-one-thousand)
2) Jigger = easy but slow

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What is ABV?

Expressed as a % and indicates the percent of a substance that is alcohol per each unit of volume.

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What is proof?

Expressed as a number and equals TWICE the ABV %.

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What proof is 50% ABV?

100 Proof

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What is the legal limit for a DUI?

0.08% BAC (blood-alcohol content)

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What are the primary factors that affect BAC and intoxication?

Biological sex: men have more alcohol dehydrogenase to break down alcohol faster.
Metabolic rate: affected by diet, digestion, fitness.
Size/weight: less you weigh, higher BAC after a given amount of drinks.
Food consumption: higher BAC on an empty stomach.
Rate of consumption: faster you consume, faster BAC goes up.
Medications.

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What are the 4 visible cues of intoxication?

Judgment: inappropriate behavior.
Inhibitions: talkative, carefree.
Reaction Time: slowed movements and processing.
Coordination: impaired motor control, loss of balance.

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What is JIRC (jerk)?

Judgment: inappropriate behavior.
Inhibitions: talkative, carefree.
Reaction Time: slowed movements and processing.
Coordination: impaired motor control, loss of balance.

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What is the dram shop act?

Bartenders can be held accountable for serving someone who is irresponsibly intoxicated.

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What is a washline?

The location that a cocktail fills up to in a specific glass.

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What are the two types of cocktails?

Built: served in the cocktail it was made.
Shaken: ingredients are shaken in a shaker tin.

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What is a standard drink?

14 grams (0.5 oz) of pure ethanol.

1.5 oz of 40% ABV, 1 beer.

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What is a spirit?

Hard liquor.

Distilled alcoholic beverage with 2. NO sugar.
At least 40% ABV (80 proof).

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What are the 6 main spirits?

Vodka
Gin
Rum
Tequila
Whiskey
Bourbon

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What are the defining characteristics of vodka?

Made from a neutral grain.

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What are the defining characteristics of gin?

Made from a neutral grain + infused with juniper and then redistilled.

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What are the defining characteristics of rum?

Sugarcane or sugar cane byproducts + aging in stainless steel or wood barrels.

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What are the defining characteristics of tequila?

Tequila is a type of mezcal; not all mezcal is a type of tequila.

Mezcal = any agave-based spirit. Tequila is made from: BLUE AGAVE.

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What are the defining characteristics of whiskey?

Made from neutral grains.

Different types: Irish (smooth), Scotch (made in Scotland with malt), Japanese whiskey (similar to scotch, dry smoky flavor), Canadian (high corn content).

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What are the defining characteristics of bourbon?

American whiskey = bourbon.

Made with at least 51% CORN.

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What are the two types of agave?

Mezcal: smokey, earthy, and floral notes.
Tequila: sweet, fruity, toasty (made with blue-agave specifically).

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What are modifies?

Sweetened alcohol made to add flavor to a drink.

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What are the 4 main types of modifies?

Liqueurs
Apéritif and digestif
Fortified wines
Bitters

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What are liqueurs?

Made from a spirit altered with added flavors and sweeteners. ## Footnote Apéritif = stimulate appetite; digestif = stimulate digestion.

What is a binder?

Non-alcoholic substances that act to cohesively draw together the components of many cocktails.

What are the 6 main types of binders?

1. Sweeteners 2. Fresh juice 3. Milk and egg products 4. Plant products 5. Sodas 6. Garnishes

What is the recipe for sweeteners other than simple syrup?

Honey syrup = 1:1 honey: water. Agave syrup = 1:1 agave: water. Demerara syrup = caramel flavor (rich mouthfeel) 1:1 demerara sugar:water.

What is the approximate amount of juice in a lemon and lime?

Lime = approx 1 fluid ounce of juice per lime. Lemon = approx 1-1.5 fluid ounce of juice per lemon.

How to make and use a citrus crescent and citrus twist?

1. Trim the nubs on both sides of the citrus. 2. Cut the citrus in half lengthwise. 3. Make a partial cut in the center of each half crosswise. 4. Cut each half into 1/4-inch slices, yielding half circle crescents.

What is the purpose of a speed rack?

1. Contains the most commonly used alcohols. 2. Should be ordered light to dark. 3. Order of the speed rack is always maintained.

What is the order of the speed rack?

Vodka, Gin, Rum, Tequila, Triple Sec, Whiskey, Bourbon.

What is an easy acronym to remember the order of the speed rack?

Very Good Readers Tend To Write Books.

What are reasonable substitutions?

Triple sec - Grand Marnier - Orange liqueur. Sugar - Simple syrup - Honey syrup. Cream - Milk - Soy milk - Coconut milk.

What are examples of bad substitutes?

Tonic water DOESN'T = soda water. Bourbon DOESN'T = Scotch DOESN'T = Rye.

What are a few call brands of vodka?

Absolut, Grey Goose, Tito's.

What are call brands of gin?

Beefeater, Hendricks.

What are call brands of rum?

Bacardi.

What are call brands of tequila?

Don Julio.

What are call brands of whiskey?

Jameson.

What are call brands of bourbon?

Buffalo Trace.

What are the types of shakers?

Boston shaker = industry standard. Cobbler shaker.

What are the types of strainers and when to use them?

Hawthorn strainer = typically used for shaken drinks. Julep strainer = typically used for stirred drinks to keep the drink clear. Fine mesh strainer = used in addition for exceptionally smooth drinks.

What is a bar spoon?

Long spoon that assists with layering and limits dilution.

What is a bar key/wine key?

Used to uncork wine and open beer.

What is a muddler?

Express flavor and aroma through gentle pressing and twisting.

What does 'dirty' mean in cocktail terminology?

For martini; add olive brine.

What does 'dry' mean in cocktail terminology?

For martinis, use less vermouth.

What does 'on the rocks' mean?

Served with ice (so the ice passes the washline).

What does 'wet' mean in cocktail terminology?

For martinis, use more vermouth.

What does 'straight up' mean?

In a stemmed glass, served chilled and without ice.

What does 'neat/straight' mean?

Served without ice.

What is a single rocks glass?

Lowball glass.

What is a collins glass?

Served with ice.

What is the ratio for built drinks: highballs?

1.5:4 ratio of liqueur to mixer. Served in a collins.

How can ice affect dilution?

Smaller ice causes more dilution than larger block ice.

What is the purpose of stirring and when to stir?

Do not stir in high-traffic venue, must prioritize speed over homogeneity, when there are muddled ingredients, if you have sunk ingredients (i.e. tequila sunrise). ## Footnote Do stir if: fresh citrus juice, to homogeneous ingredients, to dilute.

What are the 3 main effects of shaking a cocktail?

Chilling, diluting, texturing.

How does aeration occur?

Shaking technique results in the formation of tiny air bubbles. Drink must contain texturizers to promote air bubble formation. Protein content is important for foam layers.

What are the 2 main types of shaken or stirred cocktails?

Martinis and Sparkling Drinks.

What are the 3 questions for martinis?

1. Vodka or gin? 2. Shaken or stirred? 3. How dry?

What is the difference between a martini and a martini-style drink?

1:4 ratio of spirit to vermouth. ## Footnote Martini-style are more complicated martinis.

How to make a hot drink?

Never shake.

What is the general information on the beer making process?

Biochemical process of fermentation. Sugars are supplied by grain, malted, mashed, and then drained. The wort is then boiled and fermented where yeast is added.