Important Events Flashcards
What happened to the donna party
Migrants Led by the donner brothers were well equipped but with a lot of elderly people.
They split at Fort Bridger in Rocky Mountains, both brothers decided to try a shortcut that Hastings had not actually tried before
What was the result of the bonnet brither’s decision
It took a longer and by mid October the party had only reached Sierra Nevada mountains. Livestock died and they were trapped. 40 died including George donner
What caused the Norman migration
Mormons ordered to leave Illinois after leader Joseph Smith was murdered.
What was the Mormon migration like
Successful because they stayed in Omaha to avoid hard winter. Well supplied with enough food for a year and a portable boat to help river crossings.
How was Brigham Young a successful leader
He consulted Trail guide, planted crops and located water sources
He organised a count of all the Mormons before they left- this allowed him to plan the logistics
How was young a good leader 2
migrants were divided into manageable groups, young taught migrants how to form their wagons into a circle to keep livestock safe and regular resting stops were planned
How did the Mormons succeed in building a flourishing settlement
They all beard young completely as they believed he was gods profit.
They build irrigation systems from the fresh water streams which meant they could grow crops
What did the Indian removal act state
It forced Indians to move west of the Mississippi River
What was stated in the Indian trade and intercourse act
Set out frontier between USA and Indian territory. It also stopped white settlers settling on Indian territory and selling guns and alcohol. The frontier was guarded
What was stated in the Indians appropriations act
It was the funding of the moving of Indians onto reservations
What was the Oregon Trail
First publicised and used by third shoppers and it enabled large family groups to move westwards but was later replaced by the trans-Continental rail road as a method of travelling west
What was the manifest destiny
The belief that white Americans had the right to populate all areas of America as it was gods will
What were the consequences of the California Gold Rush
more farming in California
money help to pay for trans-Continental rail road.
Rapid growth of mining towns which lead to problems with law and order.
New migrants were murdered or enslaved Indians
What caused the Treaty of Fort Laramie
There were problems between settlers and Indians
What were the problems from the beginning of the treaty
The government wanted each tribe to send a chief to represent them however playing Indian society doesn’t work that way therefore some did not turn up.
The government wanted to agree boundaries but the Plains Indians didn’t understand
What were the main terms of the Treaty of fort Laramie
The government would protect Indians from white Americans.
Government would pay tribes annually.
Indians would allow government to build roads through their land
Indians would end fighting between tribes
Indians would permit the railroad companies to enter their land
Why was the Treaty of Fort Laramie significant
It was the first time Indians had boundaries and it undermined the permanent Indian frontier as it allowed white settlers to cross Indian land.
How did the Treaty of Fort Laramie fail
The Indians continue to fight each other and migrants did not stick to the Oregon Trail
What was the result of the civil war
Union defeated currency in 1865
What happened after the Civil War
Ex-soldiers and slaves were looking for a new start which caused the Homestead act. This aimed at settling in the west and the Pacific Railroad aimed at developing connections between west and Northern industrial cities
What was the Homestead act
They government gave people land in order to encourage them to move west and build on the land and grow crops.
What were the limitations of the Homestead act
Not all of the land was proved up
That is what caused the Pacific Railroad act
Union Pacific Started in Omaha and built its trucks west, the central Pacific started in California and built east.
What was the Pacific Railroad act
It extinguished the right that the Plains Indians had along the route of the two companies
What were the consequences of the Pacific Railroad act
Increased immigration from Europe, it connected western territories with the east, declining numbers of buffalo and enabled growth of cattle industry
What was the good night loving Trail
It was a cattle trail from Texas to the new populations in the. Goodnight and Loving drove thousands of cattle north to the reservation to sell cattle to the starving Indians for a huge profit.
What was The holy man is vision (wounded knee massacre)
an Indian Messiah had come and if Indians remained peaceful and did the ghost dance then a new world would come where all white people would disappear and the buffaloes would return
What happened to the ghost dance (Wounded knee massacre)
It’s spread rapidly across the reservations. It was banned but Indians joined Bigfoot who was the leader of the ghost dance
What did the US seventh carvery do (wounded knee massacre)
They caught up with Bigfoot and his followers, and took them under guard to a camp at wounded knee
While the soldiers were removing their weapons, Sioux Warrior resisted and open fire
The soldiers were to retaliated and many were killed. It marks the end of the plains war
What happened with Abilene
McCoy purchased land in Abilene and true Chisholm trail was used. Many hotels were set up here as well
What was the importance of barbed wire
They were used to fence crops and livestock
Could cause tension as it cut off peoples water supply
Also caused tension with homesteaders
What was the exoduster movement
There was a rumour that ex slave had been given the whole state of Kansas
It wasn’t true and white people were given the best land
What did Kansas do for exoduster
Set up association to help migrants which organised colonies for them to live in
What was the Oklahoma land rush
Us government opened up section of Indian territory for white settlement
The first person to get to the area claimed the land
What did iliff do
Iliff cougar land for a ranch near Denver and he built up a plain on the Colorado plains
He sold beef to mining’s towns and reservations
What was the Johnson county war
Between cattle barons and homesteadersrustling was a problem so cattle baron banned small ranches
WSAG planned invasion of Jonson county
What happened to Nate champion
Cattle barons abandoned their plan to storm Johnson county so they could attack him by setting his cabin on fire and shit him
What happens when word reaches Johnson county
The gang were coming to attack so the us army had to arrive and save invaders
What happened at trial for the Johnson county war
The best lawyers were hired to protect invaders and charges were dropped
What were problems with the construction of Pacific railroad (battle of Little Bighorn)
The construction of the Northern Pacific Railroad was in Sioux Indian hunting grounds in Dakota. George Custer was ordered to protect the workers from Indian attacks. However, Custer began to mine for gold in the Black Hills. This led to prospectors travelling to Black Hills and settling on Land. This broke the terms of the Fort Laramie Treaty
What did the government offer (bolbh)
The US asked to buy the Black Hills from the Sioux for $6 million. Sioux rejected and continued to attack prospectors trespassing their land. The US government then used this as an excuse to accuse the Sioux tribe of breaching the Fort Laramie Treaty. Relations between the US government and the Sioux broke down.
How did the Sioux retaliate to the governments commands
Thousands of Sioux left their reservation to join Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. The US ordered them to go to their reservations and, in 1875, were given 60 days to do so or they would be attacked. But deep snow made it impossible for the Sioux to return to their reservations. By the 1876, 7,000 Sioux were settled outside of their reservation near the valley of Little Bighorn
How did the government try and bring the Sioux back to reservations
By attacking them but Custer ignored orders to wait for reinforcements and recklessly led 200 men into the Little Bighorn Valley where the Sioux were gathered. Crazy Horse attacked Custer’s men, killing all 200 of them. It was a momentous victory of the Sioux Indians and an embarrassing defeat for Custer and the US government.
What was the Dawes act
It was like the Homestead act but for Indians. They were given land but in return they had to become American citizens. It freed up more land for settlers.
What happened to Indians after the Dawes act
Those who took up allotments found it impossible to make a living as the conditions were tough so almost gave up and sold the land
What was president grants peace policy
Reservations were run by reservation agencies which didn’t give enough food to Indians
President Grant improved reservation agencies and assimilated Indians. His aim was to calm tensions between Indians and Americans
What did President Grant do
Replaced corrupt agents with religious men. Increased the budget on reservations to 2 million. Indians would be allowed to leave reservations if they choose to hunt
What was the trans-Continental rail road
It encouraged further settlement in the West as it made travelling their cheaper and easier. It encouraged the development of towns along the railroad, as the railroad made the west less isolated.
What was the negative impact of the trans-Continental rail road
Indians were forced to move away from the railroad despite it running through Indian Territory. The workers often killed buffalo for meat, and the track itself disrupted the Plains Indians buffalo hunting.
What was the second treaty of fort Laramie
The government agreed to close the Bozeman Trail and the forts. In return, Red Cloud agreed to move his people to a reservation in Dakota that became known as the Great Sioux Reservation. No whites were allowed to enter this land.
