Important Definitions for Revision Flashcards
Maxim:
A personal _________ that ______ our _________ and actions which must be able to be _____________, according to Kant.
Maxim:
A personal principle that guides our decisions and actions which must be able to be universalised, according to Kant.
Justice:
The principle that each person ________ their ‘___’. Aristotle distinguishes ____ and narrow senses. In the wide sense, anything _____ is just, and anything _______ is unjust. In the narrow sense, justice is ________.
Justice:
The principle that each person receives their ‘due’. Aristotle distinguishes wide and narrow senses. In the wide sense, anything legal is just, and anything illegal is unjust. In the narrow sense, justice is fairness.
Morality:
The _____, ideas, and ____________ governing fundamental aspects of human conduct. It concerns _____ and wrong, good and ___ in human action and character.
Morality:
The rules, ideas, and expectations governing fundamental aspects of human conduct. It concerns right and wrong, good and bad in human action and character.
Motive:
A ______ _____ or consideration that inclines someone to act in a certain way. It could be a ______ for acting, an ___, or a desire.
Motive:
A mental state or consideration that inclines someone to act in a certain way. It could be a reason for acting, an end, or a desire.
Moral Naturalism:
A form of moral _______ that claims that moral properties are _______ properties.
Moral Naturalism:
A form of moral realism that claims that moral properties are natural properties.
Reductive Moral Naturalism:
Moral properties can be __________ through _____ __________ and science.
Reductive Moral Naturalism:
Moral properties can be identified through sense experience and science.
Non-Reductive Naturalism:
Moral properties are _______ but not a kind of property that ________ can investigate.
Non-Reductive Naturalism:
Moral properties are natural but not a kind of property that science can investigate.
Naturalistic Fallacy:
According to _____, the mistake of identifying moral ____ with any _______ property.
Naturalistic Fallacy:
According to Moore, the mistake of identifying moral good with any natural property.
NIhilism:
The view that there are __ moral ______.
NIhilism:
The view that there are no moral values.
Non-cognitivism:
Moral judgements express non-cognitive attitudes. Moral judgements do ___ make claims about _______ and are not true or false (not ____-_______).
Non-cognitivism:
Moral judgements express non-cognitive attitudes. Moral judgements do not make claims about reality and are not true or false (not fact-stating).
Normative Ethics:
The ______ of ethics concerned with developing ________ concerning what is ____ or bad, right or _____.
Normative Ethics:
The branch of ethics concerned with developing theories concerning what is good or bad, right or wrong.
Stealing:
__________ taking someone else’s ________ without their ___________ and with no intent to ______ it.
Stealing:
Unlawfully taking someone else’s property without their permission and with no intent to return it.
Eudaimonia:
Understood as ‘______ well and fairing well’. According to _________, it is not __________ and is not a psychological state, but an objective quality of someone’s life __ _ _____. It is the final ___ for human beings.
Eudaimonia:
Understood as ‘living well and fairing well’. According to Aristotle, it is not subjective and is not a psychological state, but an objective quality of someone’s life as a whole. It is the final end for human beings.
Consequentialist Ethical Theory:
This theory decides the moral _____ of an act based on its ___________ rather than _____ of the act itself.
Consequentialist Ethical Theory:
This theory decides the moral value of an act based on its consequences rather than intent of the act itself.
Moral Cognitivism:
Ethical language express ______ which are propositions that ___ be either true or false (have a ____ value).
Moral Cognitivism:
Ethical language express beliefs which are propositions that can be either true or false (have a truth value).
