Important dates and people

Question 1

1897

Outcomes/Goals

Answer 1

First Zionist Congress in Basel Switzerland
Outcomes/Goals
Creating Jewish institutions
Encourage immigration and settlement
Strengthening Jewish nationalism
Beginning to build political relationships to increase support of Zionist cause

Question 2

1915

Answer 2

Hussein McMahon Correspondence:
Letters written between Britain and Arab Leadership. Britain promised Arab independence in exchange for support of overthrowing the Ottoman Empire. This was a big part of the Arab argument for having the rights to land of Palestine

Question 3

1917

Answer 3

Balfour Declaration:
A letter written from Lord Balfour (Britain) to the Jewish community showing his support for the existence of a Jewish state in Palestine. This was a big part of the Jewish argument for having the rights to exist in the land of Palestine

Question 4

1937

Answer 4

Peel Commission:
A group formed by the British to investigate the reasons for the unrest in Palestine. The Peel Commission made the recommendation of diving the land into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The Jewish community accepted this plan and the Arab community rejected it

Question 5

1939

Answer 5

British White Paper:

A British policy written in 1939 which severely limited the immigration of Jews to Palestine

Question 6

Nov 29, 1947

Answer 6

Resolution 181:
A resolution passed by the UN calling for the partition of Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state, with Jerusalem remaining under international control. This was accepted by the Jewish community and rejected by the Arab community. The Arab population of Palestine attacked the Jewish population after the passing of this resolution, beginning the Arab-Jewish civil war

Question 7

May 14, 1948

Answer 7

Israel Declared independece:
Ben Gurion read the declaration of independence. The following day, 6 Arab countries attacked the newly independent state

Question 8

Herzl

Answer 8

“Father of Zionism” Convened the first Zionist congress. Was a strong Zionist leader

Question 9

Ben Gurion

Answer 9

Zionist Leader, Israel’s first prime minister, a practical zionist who believed in settling the land peacefully

Question 10

Jabotinsky

Answer 10

Leader of Revisionist Zionism/Zionists

Question 11

Revisionist Zionism

Answer 11

A belief that the entire land of Palestine (modern day Israel and Jordan) rightfully belongs to the Jewish people and all means should be used to gain control of it, including force. Ze’ev Jabotinsky was the leader of Revionist Zionism

Question 12

Practical Zionism

Answer 12

Emphasized practical ways of reaching Zionism goals, through immigration and creation of educational institutions

Question 13

Political Zionism

Answer 13

Focused on the importance of political rights and chose to take political action to further the Zionist goal. Theodor Herzl was a political zionism

Question 14

Socialist Zionism

Answer 14

The belief that Socialism and Zionism should be combined. Ben Gurion was a Socialist Zionist

Question 15

Haskalah

Answer 15

Jewish Enlightenment
An intellectual movement in central and Eastern Europe during the late 18th and 19th century. It encouraged Jews to study secular subjects in addition to religious ones, as well as studying European languages and Hebrew. Maskilim (followers of this movement) often tried to assimilate to local culture, including in dress, manners and loyalty to the ruling powers

Question 16

Jewish emancipation

Answer 16

The process from the late 18th century to the early 20th century in which European countries removed disabilities from Jewish communities. This granted Jewish citizens more equal rights. Jewish communities hoped that through the process of emancipation, they would be able to be fully integrated into Jewish life. While many Jews were able to more fully integrate, even holding political office, they also continued to experience antisemitism.

Question 17

Dreyfus Affair

Answer 17

In the late 19th century, a French Jewish man was accused of stealing military secrets. He was convicted even though there was evidence to the contrary. This was evidence of the increasing antisemitism and Europe and the challenges facing the Jewish community. Theodor Herzl was a journalist at the time. Witnessing the antisemitic reactions of the French community ignited his Zionist beliefs.

Question 18

Haganah

Answer 18

Main paramilitary organization of the Yishuv 1920-1948. The Irgun/Etzel and Lechi broke off from it. They all ended up merging into the Israeli Defense force