Important Dates - 1860-1869 Flashcards
what happened in 1860?
Pony Express Founded - The Waddell and Russell freight company established the pony express. Relay stations were set up across North America and riders carried mail from one station the to the next
what happened in 1861? *
Fort Wise Treaty - Treaty established the sand creek reservation for the Cheyenne tribe
what happened in 1861? *
First Telegraph - The first telegraph message was sent across America
what happened in 1861-65?
US Civil War - The Northern states fight the southern states over various issues, including the abolition of slavery. The north was victorious, during the war the longhorn cattle in Texas would continue to breed
what happened in 1862? *
Pacific Railway Act - This Act established two companies to construct a railway across America. The Union Pacific Railway to Missouri and then continue west. The central Pacific Railway would build the railway from Sacramento and then continue east
what happened in 1862? *
The Homestead Act - This act offered anyone prepared to settle in the west 160 acres of land for free provided the built a home and farmed the land for five years
what happened in 1862? *
This was a revolt by the Santee Sioux led by chief little crow in protest against the reservations. The Santee Sioux had moved onto a reservation that had poor land and their crops failed. Compensation payment that had been promised by the government had not been delivered and the tribe faced starvation. In august 1862 the Santee Sioux warriors attacked the government agency. They continued to attack white settlers and the army for three months before being defeated by the army
what happened in 1863?
Cheyenne Uprising - The Cheyenne had agreed by the terms of the fort wise treaty in 1861 to move on to the sand creek reservation. However the land was very poor and survival for the Indians was virtually impossible. In 1863 faced with starvation, they began to attack wagon trains and steal food
what happened in 1864?
Sand Creek Massacre - An army force led by Colonel Chivington attacked black kettles Cheyenne camp at Sand Creek. The motive for the attack was punishment for the raids on the wagon trains. 163 including women and children were mutilated
what happened in 1866?
The Long Drive - Texas cattlemen used cowboys to drive cattle to the Northern States and the goodnight loving trial was established
what happened in 1867? *
Red Clouds War - The Sioux chief, Red Cloud was furious when white settlers began using the Bozeman trail which passed through the Sioux hunting grounds and began attacking travellers. Red Cloud was further angered when a line of forts was constructed to protect the travellers and increased the attacks. By spring of 1868 the government was forced to withdraw the army and abandon the forts
what happened in 1867? *
Medicine Creek Treaty - Four Indian Tribes, including the Cheyenne’s agreed to give up their land and move to small reservations in the south east of the Plains
what happened in 1867? *
Abilene Founded - Joseph McCoy, a cattle dealer founded the ‘cow town’ of Abilene
what happened in 1868? *
The Winter Campaign - Realising that the Indians never fought during the winter months, the army decided to mount a winter campaign to try to catch them by surprise and force them into submission
what happened in 1868? *
Fort Laramie Treaty - This treaty defined the territory of the Sioux Indians. It gave them the Black Hills of Dakota and the Bighorn mountains
