Important AO3 Points Flashcards
What is the only strength of the diagnosis and classification of SZ?
It has good reliability.
Why does the diagnosis and classification of SZ have good inter-rate reliability?
Different diagnosing clinicians reach the same diagnosis for the same individual.
Why does the diagnosis and classification of SZ have good test-retest reliability?
When the same clinician reaches the same diagnosis for the same individual on two occasions.
How many individualS did Osorio et al report an excellent diagnosis using the DSM-5?
180.
What did the pairs of interviewers achieve in regards to inter-rate reliability?
An inter-rater reliability of +0.97.
What did the pairs of interviewers achieve in regards to test-retest reliability?
They achieved a test-retest reliability of +0.92.
What does good reliability suggest in regards to the classification and diagnosis of SZ?
We can be reasonably sure that the diagnosis of SZ is consistently applied.
How do you access validity of a psychiatric diagnosis?
Criterion validity.
What was Cheniaux’s (2009) study about low validity on?
She had 2 psychiatrists independandy assess the same 100 clients using ICD-10 and DSM-4 criteria.
- ICD-10 = 68 diagnosed.
- DSM-4 - 39 diagnosed.
What does Cheniaux’s study suggest about schizophrenia?
SZ is either over or underdiagnosed according to the diagnostic system, either way is has low criterion validity.
What is co-morbidity?
When a patient has 2 disorders/ diagnoses at the same time.
What condition is SZ commonly diagnosed alongside with?
One review found that about half of the diagnosed with SZ also had a diagnosis of depression or substance abuse.
Why is comorbidity an issue for SZ?
SZ may not exist as a distinct condition and people could get misdiagnosed.
What gender has been more commonly diagnosed and since when?
Men since the 1980’s.
Why have men been more commonly diagnosed?
Women are underdiagnosed because they have closer relationships and hence get support.
-> Leads to women with SZ often functioning better than men.
Why is gender bias an issue in SZ?
Women may not be receiving treatment and services which might benefit them.
Why is culture bias an issue for SZ?
Some symptoms of SZ (like hearing voices) have different meanings and are more normalised in different cultures so therefore may be mis/ under diagnosed.
-> Also leads to discrimination.
What is the statistic of African-Caribbean people compared to British in diagnosis rates?
British people of African-Caribbean origin are up to 9x as likely to receive a diagnosis as white British people.
What is symptom overlap?
Where the symptoms of 2 or more conditions overlap and correlate with each other.
What disorder is similar to SZ?
Bipolar disorder, have the same positive symptom (delusions) and negative symptoms (avolition).
Why is symptom overlap a limitation of the diagnosis of SZ?
SZ may not exist as a distinct condition and if it did it’s hard to diagnose properly.
-> Means both the classification and diagnosis are flawed.
