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Animal Science 200 > Important Acronyms and Terms > Flashcards

Important Acronyms and Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

A

A

Adenine

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2
Q

AA

A

Amino Acid

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3
Q

AAAS

A

Alberta Association of Agricultural Societies

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4
Q

AAEA

A

Alberta Agricultural Economics Association

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5
Q

AAFC

A

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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6
Q

Ab

A

Antibody

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7
Q

ABP

A

Alberta Beef Producers

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8
Q

ACUC- L

A

Alberta Care and Use Committee for Livestock

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9
Q

ACCRU

A

Alberta Cooperative Conservation Research Unit

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10
Q

ACFA

A

Alberta Cattle Feeders Association

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11
Q

AC

A

Alberta Chicken

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12
Q

ACPPTC

A

Alberta Chicken Producers Poultry Technology Centre

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13
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone

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14
Q

ACTS

A

Alberta Conservation and Tillage Society

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15
Q

ADF

A

Acid Detergent Fibre

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16
Q

ADG

A

Average Daily Grain

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17
Q

ADH

A

Anti- Diuretic Hormone

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18
Q

ADP

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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19
Q

ADSA

A

Alberta Dairy Science Association

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20
Q

AESA

A

Alberta Environmentally Sustainable Agricultural Council

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21
Q

AFAC

A

Alberta Farm Animal Council

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22
Q

AFC

A

Agriculture and Food Council

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23
Q

AFNS

A

Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science

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24
Q

AFPA

A

Alberta Food Processors Association

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25
Q

AFSC

A

Alberta Financial Services Coorporation

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26
Q

Ag/ Antigen

A

a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

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27
Q

AGC

A

Alberta Grain Commission

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28
Q

AHEP

A

Alberta Hatching Egg Producers

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29
Q

AHFMR

A

Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research

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30
Q

AI

A

Artificial Insemination or Avian Influenza

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31
Q

AI- Bio

A

Alberta Innovates Biosolutions

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32
Q

AIA

A

Alberta Institute of Agrologists

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33
Q

AIC

A

Agricultural Institute of Canada

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34
Q

AITG

A

Agri- Industry Trade Group

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35
Q

ALES (faculty)

A

Agriculture, Life, and Environmental Sciences

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36
Q

ALF

A

Animal Liberation Front

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37
Q

ALMA

A

Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency

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38
Q

AME

A

Apparent Metabolizable Energy

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39
Q

AM

A

Alberta Milk

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40
Q

ANAC

A

Animal Nutrition Association of Canada

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41
Q

ANS

A

Automatic Nervous System

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42
Q

AOPA

A

Agriculture Operations Practices Act

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43
Q

APF

A

Agriculture Policy Framework

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44
Q

APHIS

A

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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45
Q

APMA

A

Agricultural Products Marketing Act

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46
Q

ARC

A

Alberta Research Council

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47
Q

ARD

A

Alberta Agricultural and Rural Development

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48
Q

ASAS

A

American Society of Animal Science

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49
Q

ASBG

A

Alberta Sugar Beet Growers

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50
Q

ASRD

A

Alberta Sustainable Resource Development

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51
Q

ASWC

A

Alberta Sheep and Wool Commission

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52
Q

ASWPC

A

Alberta Soft Wheat Producers Council

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53
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate or Alberta Turkey Producers

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54
Q

BCA

A

Breed Class Average

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55
Q

BCS

A

Body Condition Score

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56
Q

BF

A

Butterfat

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57
Q

BMP

A

Beneficial Marketing Practices or Best Management Practices

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58
Q

BMR

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

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59
Q

BSE

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

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60
Q

BST

A

Bovine Somatotrophin

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61
Q

BVD

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

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62
Q

BW

A

Body Weight

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63
Q

C

A

Cytosine

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64
Q

CA

A

Corpus Albicans

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65
Q

CAHC

A

Canadian Animal Health Coalition

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66
Q

CAHI

A

Canadian Animal Health Institude

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67
Q

CALAS

A

Canadian Association for Laboratory Animal Science

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68
Q

CAP

A

Classroom Agriculture Program

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69
Q

CARC

A

Canadian Agri- Food Research Council

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70
Q

CARD

A

Canadian Adaptation and Rural Development Fund

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71
Q

CBBC

A

Canadian Beef Breeds Council

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72
Q

CBC

A

Canadian Broilers Council

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73
Q

CHEP

A

Canadian Hatching Egg Producers

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74
Q

CCA

A

Canadian Cattleman Association

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75
Q

CCAC

A

Canadian Council on Animal Care

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76
Q

CCIA

A

Canadian Cattle Identification Agency

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77
Q

CCP

A

Critical Control Point

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78
Q

CCWG

A

Canadian Cooperative Wool Growers

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79
Q

CDC

A

Canadian Dairy Commisions

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80
Q

CDIC

A

Canadian Dairy Information Centre

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81
Q

CEITS

A

Canadian Egg Industry Traceability

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82
Q

CEMA

A

Canadian Egg Marketing Agency

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83
Q

CF

A

Crude Fibre

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84
Q

CFA

A

Canadian Federation of Agriculture

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85
Q

CFC

A

Chicken Farmers of Canada

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86
Q

CFIA

A

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

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87
Q

CFO

A

Confined Feeding Operations

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88
Q

CJAS

A

Canadian Journal of Animal Science

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89
Q

CJD

A

Creutzfeldt Feeding Operations

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90
Q

CL

A

Corpus Luteum

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91
Q

CLA

A

Conjugated Linoleic Acid

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92
Q

CLRC

A

Canadian Livestock Records Corporation

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93
Q

CITIP

A

Canadian Industry Traceability Infrastructure Program

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94
Q

CME

A

Chicago Mercantile Exchange

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95
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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96
Q

CoA/ Coenzyme A

A

Coenzyme A is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle

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97
Q

COFFS

A

Canadian On- Farm Food Safety Program

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98
Q

COP

A

Cost of Production

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99
Q

CP

A

Crude Protein

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100
Q

CPEPC

A

Canadian Poultry and Egg Processors Council

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101
Q

CPRC

A

Canadian Poultry Research Council

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102
Q

CRFA

A

Canadian Restaurant and Food Services Association

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103
Q

CSAS

A

Canadian Society of Animal Science

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104
Q

CSBA

A

Canadian Sheep Breeders Association

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105
Q

CSCFSC

A

Canadian Supply Chain Food Safety Coalition

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106
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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107
Q

CSGA

A

Canadian Seed Growers Association

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108
Q

CSIP

A

Canadian Sheep Identification Program

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109
Q

CTP

A

Canadian Turkey Producers

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110
Q

CWD

A

Chronic Wasting Disease

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111
Q

DDGS

A

Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles

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112
Q

DE

A

Digestible Energy

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113
Q

DFC

A

Dairy Farmers of Canada

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114
Q

DFD

A

dry, firm, dark (condition of meat)

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115
Q

DHI

A

Dairy Heard Improvement

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116
Q

DM

A

Dry Matter

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117
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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118
Q

DOA

A

Dead On Arrival

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119
Q

DRTC

A

Dairy Research and Technology Centre

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120
Q

DY

A

Double Yolked Egg

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121
Q

EAE

A

Enzootic Abortion of Ewes

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122
Q

EE

A

Ether Extract

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123
Q

EFA

A

Egg Farmers of Alberta

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124
Q

EFC

A

Egg Farmers of Canada

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125
Q

EFP

A

Environmental Farm Program/ Plan

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126
Q

EGPM

A

Environmental Good Practice Manual

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127
Q

EIA

A

Environmental Impact Assessment

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128
Q

ELISA

A

Enzyme Linked Immunoadsorbent Assay

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129
Q

END

A

Exotic Newcastle Disease

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130
Q

EODES

A

Erratic Oviposition and Defective Egg Syndrome

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131
Q

ET

A

Embryo Transfer

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132
Q

FA

A

Fatty Acid

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133
Q

FADEN

A

Foreign Animal Disease Eradication Network

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134
Q

FADES

A

Foreign Animal Disease Eradication Support

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135
Q

FASS

A

Federation of Animal Sciences Societies

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136
Q

FCC

A

Farm Credit Canada

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137
Q

FCPMC

A

Food and Consumer Products Manufacturers of Canada

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138
Q

FCR

A

Feed Conversion Rate

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139
Q

FE

A

Feed Efficiency

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140
Q

FMD

A

Foot and Mouth Disease

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141
Q

FPA

A

Federal/Provincial Aggreement

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142
Q

FPPAC

A

Further Poultry Processors Association of Canada

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143
Q

FSEP

A

Facility, Services, and Equipment Profile

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144
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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145
Q

FTA

A

Free Trade Agreement

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146
Q

F & W

A

Fish and Wildlife

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147
Q

G (DNA)

A

Guanine

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148
Q

GATT

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

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149
Q

GE

A

Gross Energy

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150
Q

GF

A

Growth Factor

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151
Q

GH

A

Growth Hormone

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152
Q

GIT

A

Gastro- Intestinal Tract

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153
Q

GMP

A

Good Manufacturing Practices

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154
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

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155
Q

h^2

A

Heritability

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156
Q

HACCP

A

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point

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157
Q

HCG

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

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158
Q

HD

A

Hen Day Egg Production

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159
Q

HDL

A

High Density Lipoproteins

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160
Q

HH

A

Hen Housed Egg Production

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161
Q

HISC

A

HACCP Implementation Steering Committee

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162
Q

HSUS

A

Humane Society of the United States

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163
Q

IAMF

A

Innovation on Agribusiness Management Fund

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164
Q

IBR

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

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165
Q

ICAR

A

Inventory of Canadian Agri-Food Research

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166
Q

ICL

A

Important Control List

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167
Q

Ig

A

Immunoglobulin

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168
Q

IGF

A

Insulin- like Growth Factor

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169
Q

ILT

A

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

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170
Q

ILWG

A

Intensive Livestock Working Group

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171
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

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172
Q

INTEGRA

A

Integrated Agriculture

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173
Q

IP

A

Identity Preservation or Intraperitoneal

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174
Q

IQF

A

Individually Quick Frozen

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175
Q

ISRIP

A

Innovation and Science Research Investments Program

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176
Q

IV

A

Intravenous

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177
Q

IVF

A

In vitro Fertilization

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178
Q

JAPR

A

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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179
Q

JAS

A

Journal of Animal Science

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180
Q

JIT

A

Just in Time (production efficiency strategy)

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181
Q

LASA

A

Laboratory Animal Science Association

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182
Q

LCF

A

Least Cost Formula

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183
Q

LDA

A

Left Displacement Abomasum or Liquidated Damages Assessment Agreement

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184
Q

LDL

A

Low Density Lipoproteins

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185
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing Hormone

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186
Q

LWF

A

Large White Follicles

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187
Q

LYF

A

Large Yellow Follicles

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188
Q

MAK

A

Modified Atmosphere Killing

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189
Q

MCF

A

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

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190
Q

ME

A

Metabolizable Energy

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191
Q

ME_m

A

ME requirement for Maintenence

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192
Q

MPIP

A

Modern Poultry Inspection Program

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193
Q

MSQ

A

Market Share Quota

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194
Q

NAASA

A

National Association of Supervisory Agencies

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195
Q

NAD

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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196
Q

NADP

A

Nicotinamde Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

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197
Q

NAFTS

A

National Agriculture and Food Traceability System

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198
Q

NAPA

A

National Allocation and Pricing Agreement

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199
Q

NBIDF

A

National Beef Industry Development Fund

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200
Q

NDF

A

Neutral Detergent Fibre

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201
Q

NE

A

Net Energy

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202
Q

NE_m

A

Net Energy of Maintence

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203
Q

NE _p

A

Net Energy of Production

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204
Q

NFE

A

Nitrogen Free Extract

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205
Q

NLID

A

National Livestock Identification Program for Dairy Cattle

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206
Q

NLTS

A

National Livestock Traceability Systems

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207
Q

NPFC

A

National Farm Products Council

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208
Q

NRC

A

National Research Centre

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209
Q

NRCB

A

National Resources Conservation Board

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210
Q

NSP

A

Non- starch polysaccharide

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211
Q

NVL

A

No Visible Lesions

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212
Q

OAB

A

Original Alberta Beef

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213
Q

OFFSAP

A

On-Farm Food Safety Assurance Program

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214
Q

OIE

A

World Organization for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties)

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215
Q

OT

A

Oxytocin

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216
Q

OTM

A

Over Thirty Months

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217
Q

PETA

A

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

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218
Q

PG

A

Prostaglandin

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219
Q

PID

A

Premises Identification

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220
Q

PMSG

A

Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin

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221
Q

PMU

A

Pregnant Mare Urine

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222
Q

PNS

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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223
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin Hormone

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224
Q

PSA

A

Poultry Science Association

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225
Q

PSE

A

pale, soft, exudative (condition of meat)

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226
Q

PSS

A

Porcine Stress Syndrome

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227
Q

PST

A

Porcine Somatotropin

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228
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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229
Q

PUFA

A

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

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230
Q

QAP

A

Quality Assurance Program

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231
Q

RBC

A

Red Blood Cell

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232
Q

RFI

A

Residual Feed Intake

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233
Q

RH

A

Relative Humidity

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234
Q

RIA

A

Radioimmunoassay

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235
Q

RME_m

A

Residual ME_m (Maintenance Requirement)

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236
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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237
Q

RP

A

Rectal Prolapse or Retained Placenta or Retractor Penis Muscle

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238
Q

RTE

A

Ready to Eat

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239
Q

SDM

A

Specifically Defined Mixture

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240
Q

SDS

A

Sudden Death Syndrome (flip syndrome)

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241
Q

SG

A

Specific Gravity

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242
Q

SIP

A

Seed Industry Partnership

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243
Q

SM5 (What are the 5 supply managed commodities in Canada?)

A

Milk, Chicken, Eggs, Turkey, Broiler hatching eggs

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244
Q

SNS

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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245
Q

SNP

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

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246
Q

SPCA

A

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

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247
Q

SPCAR

A

Standing Policy on Agriculture and Rural Development

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248
Q

SQ (SubQ)

A

Subcutaneous

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249
Q

SRM

A

Specified Risk Materials

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250
Q

SRTC

A

Swine Research and Technology Centre

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251
Q

SST

A

Sperm Storage Tubules

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252
Q

STH

A

Somatotropin Hormone

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253
Q

SWF

A

Small White Follicles

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254
Q

SYF

A

Small Yellow Follicles

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255
Q

T (DNA)

A

Thymine

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256
Q

T_3

A

Triiodothyronine

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257
Q

T_4

A

Thyroxine

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258
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

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259
Q

TCA

A

Tricarboxylic Acid

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260
Q

TDN

A

Totally Digestible Nutrients

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261
Q

TGE

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis

262
Q

TH

A

Thyroid Hormone

263
Q

TME

A

True Metabolizable Energy

264
Q

TMR

A

Total Mixed Ration

265
Q

TP

A

True Protein

266
Q

TRQ

A

Tariff Rate Quotas

267
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

268
Q

TSMO

A

Traceability Systems Management Office

269
Q

TTT

A

Traceability Task Team

270
Q

U (RNA)

A

Uracil

271
Q

UA

A

University of Alberta

272
Q

UCVM

A

University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

273
Q

UFA

A

United Farmers of Alberta

274
Q

UGG

A

United Grain Growers

275
Q

USDA

A

United States Department of Agriculture

276
Q

UTM

A

Under Thirty Months

277
Q

UVJ

A

Utero- Vaginal Junction

278
Q

VFA

A

Volatile Fatty Acids

279
Q

VIDO

A

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization

280
Q

VLDL

A

Very Low Density Lipoproteins

281
Q

WBC

A

White Blood Cell

282
Q

WCVM

A

Western Collage of Veterinary Medicine

283
Q

WTO

A

World Trade Organization

284
Q

Abomasum

A

Fourth of four compartments of the
ruminant stomach; ‘true’ stomach; equivalent to the
stomach of monogastrics

285
Q

Acid Detergent Fibre

A

Components of feedstuff not
solubilized by an acid detergent (i.e. – cellulose,
lignin)

286
Q

Acidosis

A

Digestive upset caused by a drop in rumen

pH

287
Q

Active Immunity

A

Direct exposure to, or vaccination

with, infectious agents to elicit an immune response

288
Q

Acute

A

A disease in which symptoms arise quickly and
to a severe degree; often not prolonged and ends in
death or recovery

289
Q

Additive

A

Substance added to the feed; usually for

nutritional or medicinal purposes

290
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior pituitary; releases LH

and FSH

291
Q

Adipose Tissue

A 
Fat cells (containing lipids), which
are arranged into lobules
292
Q

Ad Libitum

A

Feeding regime which provides as much
feed as the animals consume; there is no restriction
of feed intake

293
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

Released from
anterior hypophysis; stimulates the adrenal cortex to
secrete glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoid

294
Q

Alektorophobia

A

fear of chickens

295
Q

All- in All- out

A

Management practice is which all
animals are moved in and moved out of the a
certain facility at the same time in order to allow for
complete cleaning in between cycles, and therefore
reduce the chance of a disease being spread
between groups or generations

296
Q

Ampullae/ Ampulary Glands

A

Male reproductive

accessory gland; enlargement of the vas deferens

297
Q

Anestrus

A

Period in the female reproductive cycle of

no sexual activity

298
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

Assigning of human attributes,

such as emotions to animals

299
Q

Antibiotic

A

Medicant used in combating a bacterial

infection

300
Q

Antibody

A

Protein produced by the body as part of
the specific defence mechanism against/in response
to invasion by foreign agents

301
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Secreted by the posterior
pituitary; prevents excess water loss from the body
by re-absorbing water from the kidneys

302
Q

Antigen

A

A substance foreign to the body of
organism, which elicits an immune reaction upon
entering the body

303
Q

Antiseptic

A

Chemical used with the intent of reducing

bacterial populations

304
Q

Antitoxin

A

Used in combating the toxins produced by

bacteria

305
Q

Anus

A

Exiting point of undigested feed materials, in
the form of feces, from the digestive tract of an
animal

306
Q

Apparent Digestability

A

Proportion of nutrient in a
feed that is digested and absorbed in the digestive
tract, calculated as the amount of nutrient in feed
minus the amount of nutrient in feces; apparent
digestibility is not corrected for endogenous
materials

307
Q

Apparent Metabolizable Energy

A

Proportion of energy in a feed that is digested and absorbed in the digestive tract, calculated as the amount of energy in feed minus the amount of energy in feces; apparent metabolizable energy is not corrected for endogenous energy loss

308
Q

Appetite

A

Desire to feed or consume water

309
Q

Artificial Insemination

A

Creation of a pregnancy without direct contact between the dam and sire; semen collected from the sire is deposited into the uterus of the dam with the use of semen straws

310
Q

As- fed

A

When considering the values of a feed when

the inherent water has not been removed

311
Q

Atresia

A

Degeneration of a follicle during development

312
Q

Avian

A

Pertaining to birds (in agriculture, particularly

the domesticated species of poultry)

313
Q

Aviary

A

Facility in which birds are housed

314
Q

Backgrounding

A

Putting calves on pasture before

market

315
Q

Basal metabolism

A

Energy expended by an animal
which is resting in environmentally comfortable
conditions approximately 12 hr after eating (postabsorptive
state)

316
Q

Barrow

A

Castrated male pig

317
Q

Bioassay

A

A test performed to determine the
difference of the effect of a drug or substance on a
test organism compared to the standard preparation

318
Q

Biosecurity

A

Plan to the entry or spread of a disease

in a flock/herd or between flocks/herds

319
Q

Bloat

A

Inability for gas produced in the rumen to be

diffused, resulting in an accumulation

320
Q

Boar

A

Intact male pig

321
Q

Bolus

A

1) Feed regurgitated to be re-chewed in
ruminants (i.e. – cud);
2) Orally administered capsule

322
Q

Bovine

A

Pertaining to cattle

323
Q

Breech

A

Birth in which the offspring is not in position

to exit the birth canal properly

324
Q

Breed

A

Group of organisms within a species with
common ancestors, common and distinguishable
features; distinguishable characteristics often arise
from selective breeding

325
Q

Broiler

A

Domestic fowl that is raised for it’s increased
yield of muscle; chickens usually marketed at
approximately 2 kg liveweight

326
Q

Brother

A

Male chick from the female line; not used in

breeding; arises from errors in sexing

327
Q

Buck

A

Male goat or deer

328
Q

Bulbourethral Glands/ Cowpers glands

A

Male reproductive accessory glands; secrete fluid that is added to the sperm before ejaculation

329
Q

Bull

A

Intact male bovine; male elk

330
Q

Bull- calf

A

immature intact male calf

331
Q

Burrdizzo

A

Instrument used for bloodless castrating

332
Q

Burro

A

Donkey

333
Q

Butterfat

A

Proportion of fat in milk produced by a

dam

334
Q

Caesarian Section

A

Surgical delivery of a calf (rather

than vaginally)

335
Q

Calcitonin

A

Released by the thyroid; decreases blood

plasma levels of calcium

336
Q

Calf

A

Young bovine and some cervids (less than one

year of age)

337
Q

Capon

A

Castrated male chicken

338
Q

Caprine

A

Pertaining to goats

339
Q

Carcass

A

Body of a slaughtered animal which has had

viscera and offal removed

340
Q

Castration

A

Removal of the reproductive organs;

rendering an organism unable to reproduce

341
Q

Caudal

A

Anatomical descriptor; meaning towards the

tail or rear of an organism

342
Q

Cecum

A

First section of the large intestine; blind sac;
contains anaerobic bacteria beneficial in the
fermentation of feedstuffs, especially in such hindgut
fermentors as horses and rabbits; equivalent to
the appendix in humans

343
Q

Cell- Meditated Immunuty

A

Reaction of white blood
cells and phagocytic cells to the invasion of foreign
materials

344
Q

Cervix

A

Tight seal between the uterus and vagina

345
Q

Chevon

A

Goat meat

346
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA molecule

347
Q

Chronic

A

A disease with a long duration which arises
slowly; may be somewhat resistant to treatment,
and can result in impaired function

348
Q

Citric Acid Cycle (also TCA cycle or Krebs cycle)

A

Metabolic pathway in animal cells through which

carbohydrates are oxidized to energy

349
Q

Claw

A

1) Chick toenail;
2) Part of a milking machine which attaches
directly to the teat of the cow in order to obtain milk

350
Q

Cleiodoic

A

Embryo development in a closed

environment (e.g. – an egg)

351
Q

Cloaca

A

Area immediately preceding the vent in avian
species; access to the reproductive, urinary, and
digestive systems

352
Q

Cockerel

A

Male chicken prior to sexual maturity

353
Q

Coenzyme

A

Molecule which in necessary in the

activation of an apoenzyme to an enzyme

354
Q

Colostrum

A

Initial secretion of the mammary glands
immediately following parturition; high in fat,
nutrients, and immunoglobulins for the benefit of
the offspring

355
Q

Colt

A

Young male horse

356
Q

Colon

A

Major portion of the large intestine; contains

anaerobic bacteria for degradation of feedstuffs

357
Q

Comb

A

Flesh running from the top of the beak

towards the back of the skull in chickens

358
Q

Concentrate

A

Feedstuff high in energy; also low in

fibre; e.g. – grains

359
Q

Condition

A

Level of fatness on a carcass

360
Q

Conditioned Reflex

A

Developed reflex where
something unrelated becomes mentally associated
with another thing

361
Q

Conformation

A

Structure of the body of an animal

362
Q

Congenital

A

a defect acquired before birth/hatching

363
Q

Contagious(Communicable/Transmissible) –

A

Spread amongst organisms by direct or indirect

contact

364
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Yellow body formed at the site of
ovulation on an ovary; important in hormone
regulation of pregnancy and reproduction

365
Q

Cortical Bone

A

Hard outer layer of bone

366
Q

Cow

A

Mature female bovine

367
Q

Cranial

A

Anatomical descriptor; indicates towards the

head or front of an organism

368
Q

Creep- feed

A

Providing feed to nursing offspring in

order to promote ease in weaning

369
Q

Crop

A

Site of feed storage in the avian digestive
system; a sac attached to the esophagus, anterior to
the proventriculus and gizzard

370
Q

Crossbreeding

A

Production of offspring by parents

that are not related and are of different breeds

371
Q

Crude Fibre

A

Insoluble carbohydrates (upon boiling in
acid and alkali during proximate analysis) of a
feedstuff; poorly digested by animals

372
Q

Crude Protein

A

Protein content of a feed stuff as
estimated by multiplying the nitrogen content by a
factor (often 6.25) during proximate analysis; the
non-protein and true protein components taken
together

373
Q

Cryptorchid

A

1) Failure of one or both of the testicles
to drop into the scrotum, cause partial or full sterility
Animal Science 200 Handbook – January 2014 10
2) A male animal castrated by pushing the testicles
back up into the body cavity and maintaining this
position using an elastrator; this effectively sterilizes
the male (arrests sperm production), while
production of male hormones is continued

374
Q

Cull

A

Removing a low-producing, injured, sick or
otherwise inferior animal from the group; also, a
term for that animal

375
Q

cwt

A

hundred weight (cent in Latin, meaning 100);
the unit of weight on which cattle are sold ($/cwt).
For example, an 860 pound carcass at a rail price of
$150/cwt would be worth 8.6 cwt x
$150/cwt=$1,290

376
Q

Dairy Character

A

Characteristics unique to dairy
breeds which make them suitable for use in the
dairy industry

377
Q

Dam

A

Maternal Parent Unit

378
Q

Diet

A

Combination of feedstuffs provided on a
determined schedule; should provide the necessary
nutrients in sufficient quantities for health, growth,
and production

379
Q

Disease

A

Abnormal change within the body

380
Q

Displacement Behaviour

A

Usual behaviour of an animal which is used at the wrong time or place

381
Q

Distal

A

Anatomical descriptor; indicates the location of

something relatively distant

382
Q

DNA

A

Molecule encoding the genetic make-up of an
organism. Comprised of repeating nucleotides,
which are units of a nitrogen base (one of: adenine,
cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), a pentose sugar,
and a phosphate group

383
Q

Dock

A

remove a section of the tail

384
Q

Doe

A

Female goat

385
Q

Dorsal

A

Aspect of the area of the spine; ‘back’ of a

bipedal organism, upper half of a quadruped

386
Q

Draft

A

Animals (usually horses, cattle, oxen) used in

pulling heavy loads or working agricultural land

387
Q

Drench

A

Administration of a liquid medication orally

388
Q

Drake

A

male duck

389
Q

Dry cow

A

A cow which is not producing milk

390
Q

Dry matter

A

Proportion of a feed that remains upon

removal of water

391
Q

Duodenum

A

First section of the small intestine;

contains ducts from the gall bladder and pancreas

392
Q

Duck

A

Female duck

393
Q

Duckling

A

Young duck

394
Q

Dystocia

A

Difficulty or complications during calving

395
Q

Elastrator

A

Tool used to apply the rubber band in

castration or tail docking by elastration

396
Q

ELISA

A

Immunoadsorbent assay which determines the
presence or degree of action of an antigen or
antibody through reaction with an enzyme-linked
antibody or antigen to elicit a colour change of the
solution

397
Q

Embryo

A

Developing organism:
1) between the stages of cellular division and
birth/hatching
2) first 45 days of pregnancy in cattle

398
Q

Endemic

A

A human disease particular to a certain
geographical area or population; often, it involves
low morbidity and persists over a long period of time

399
Q

Endocrine

A

Pertains to the system of glands which
release hormones directly into the blood in order to
effect metabolic changes

400
Q

Endogenous

A

Produced or caused within an organism

401
Q

Energy Hierarchy

A

Schematic of the energy
consumed, produced, and utilized by an animal:
Gross energy (GE): Total energy present in a feed as
determined by bomb calorimetry
Digestible energy (DE): Gross energy minus the energy
of feces
Metabolizable energy (ME): Digestible energy minus the
energy of urine and gas
Net energy (NE): Metabolizable energy minus the heat
increment of feeding
Net energy of maintenance: Energy required to
maintain normal body function (homeostasis)
Net energy of production: Net energy remaining after
maintenance has been completed which can go
towards production of further substances, such as
muscles, milk, eggs, wool, or offspring

402
Q

Enzootic

A

An animal disease commonly affecting a

certain geographic area or population

403
Q

Enzyme

A

Reaction-specific organic protein catalyst;

initiates or increases speed of said reactions

404
Q

Epidemic

A

Sudden and unusual rise in the incidence

of an illness or disease within a certain population

405
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled tube in the male reproductive
system, used in transporting sperm from the testis
to the vas deferens and storage of mature sperm

406
Q

Epiornitic

A

Avian Epidemic

407
Q

Epizootic

A

Animal epidemic

408
Q

Equine

A

Pertaining to horses

409
Q

Eructation

A

Belching of the gaseous products of

rumination (i.e. – CO2 and CH4)

410
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

411
Q

Esophageal groove

A

Muscular tube which closes to
allow milk to bypass the reticulorumen when a
young ruminant is suckling

412
Q

Estrogen

A

Female sex steroid; produced in the ovary;
involved in estrus and development/maintenance of
secondary sex characteristics

413
Q

Estrus

A

Period during a female reproductive cycle

when the female is in heat and is willing to mate

414
Q

Etiology

A

Study of factors that contribute to the

occurrence of a disease

415
Q

Ewe

A

Mature female sheep

416
Q

Ewe lamb

A

young female sheep

417
Q

Exogenous

A

Produced or caused outside of the body

418
Q

Extensive Management

A

Production system which
is based upon low input; mainly involves pasture
and grazing

419
Q

Farrow

A

To give birth to a litter of piglets

420
Q

Fatty Acid

A

Organic acid which combines with

glycerol to form fat

421
Q

Fawn

A

Juvenile deer or either gender

422
Q

Fecal

A

Pertaining to feces

423
Q

Feces

A

Undigested material and endogenous materials
which are expelled from the digestive tract via the
anus

424
Q

Feed Efficiency

A

The units of feed required per unit
of agricultural product; a lower amount of input per
unit of product indicates that the animal can utilize
feed more efficiently, and is an economic benefit
when compared to an animal which utilizes feed less
efficiently

425
Q

Feed Restriction

A

Limiting the amount of feed the
animal have access to; this can be accomplished
through low amounts of diet or through low
amounts of nutrients in a ration

426
Q

Feedstuff

A

A substance deemed appropriate for use

as an animal food

427
Q

Fertility/Fecundity

A

Ability of an animal to

reproduce; to produce viable gametes and offspring

428
Q

Fertilization

A

Production of a zygote through

syngamy of maternal and paternal gametes

429
Q

Fetus

A

1) Developing offspring once it has become
recognizable (differentiated such that limbs are
distinct)
2) Developing calf after the 45 day of pregnancy

430
Q

Filly

A

Young female horse

431
Q

Finish

A

The prepare an animal for market by feeding

to accumulate the desired amount of fat

432
Q

Finisher

A

Ration for animals ready for market

433
Q

First-calf Heifer

A

Young female bovine that is

pregnant with or nursing her first calf

434
Q

Five Freedoms

A

Guidelines established in an effort to
define the optimal living conditions of animals in
captivity
 Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
 Freedom from starvation and malnutrition
 Freedom from fear and distress
 Freedom from thermal and physical discomfort
 Freedom to express normal behaviours

435
Q

Flight zone

A

Distance of an object to an animal

before the animal will move away

436
Q

Flushing

A

Increasing level or quantity of feed 2 to 3

weeks prior to breeding in order to increase fertility

437
Q

Foal

A

Young offspring of a horse (either gender)

438
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

Hormone secreted
by the anterior pituitary; encourages development of
oocytes or sperm

439
Q

Foodstuff

A

A substance deemed appropriate for use

as a human food

440
Q

Forage

A

Feedstuffs of mainly vegetative matter, such

as hay, silage, or pasture

441
Q

Forced Molting (forced rest)

A

Forcing a flock of
laying chickens to lost their feathers in order to
stimulate another (somewhat shorter) production
cycle

442
Q

Founder

A

Overeating of grain or rich grass causing

severe hoof inflammation

443
Q

Fowl

A

1) Domesticated avian species

2) Female chicken at the end of 1 year of production

444
Q

Free Range

A

Agricultural commodities produced to
meet certain standards such that they are deemed
‘free range’; for example, free range eggs are
produced when laying hens are allowed access to
the outdoors

445
Q

Free Run

A

Agricultural commodities produced to meet
certain standards such that they are deemed ‘free
run’; for example, free run eggs are produced when
laying hens are not housed in cages, but are freeroaming
on a floor

446
Q

Fresh

A

Give birth

447
Q

Functional food

A

A functional food is similar in
appearance to, or may be, a conventional food that
is consumed as part of a usual diet, and is
demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or
reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic
nutritional functions, i.e. they contain bioactive
compound.
Source: http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-affich
er.do?id=1171305207040&lang=eng

448
Q

Gamete

A

Mature sex cell which is capable of fusing

with another of the other sex to form a zygote

449
Q

Gander

A

Male goose

450
Q

Gelding

A

Castrated male horse

451
Q

Gene

A

Unit of heredity, occupying a specific location

on a chromosome

452
Q

Gestation

A

Pregnancy

453
Q

Gizzard

A

Digestive organ in avian species, distal to
the proventriculus, which acts to reduce feed
particle size by a grinding action of two large
muscles

454
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone secreted by the pancreas;
stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels by
converting glycogen to glucose for use by the body

455
Q

Glycolysis

A

Metabolic conversion of glucose to lactic

acid, for use in further energy yielding metabolism

456
Q

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

A

Hormone
released from the hypothalamus; regulates the
release of LH and FSH

457
Q

Goose

A

Female Goose

458
Q

Gosling

A

Immature goose

459
Q

Grower

A

Ration for young and growing animals

460
Q

Growth factors

A

Substances which effect the growth

and differentiation of cells/tissues/organs

461
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Released by the anterior

pituitary; stimulates growth

462
Q

Guinea Hen

A

Female guinea fowl

463
Q

Guinea Rooster

A

Male guinea fowl

464
Q

Habituation

A

Animal’s progressively decreased

reaction in response to a stimulus

465
Q

Hatchability

A

Proportion of eggs that hatch out of

the number that were set in the incubator

466
Q

Hatcher

A

Machine which artificially incubates eggs
during the last three days of the incubation period,
until the eggs hatch

467
Q

Health

A

Well-being, emotionally, physically, and

mentally

468
Q

Heifer

A

Female bovine prior to first calving

469
Q

Heifer calf

A

female calf

470
Q

Henny

A

Infertile offspring of a female donkey and

male horse

471
Q

Heritability

A

Proportion of variance amongst
individuals that is attributable to differences in
genetics

472
Q

Hen

A

Mature female chicken, female turkey (also

female duck, goose)

473
Q

Hind

A

Adult female elk

474
Q

Homeotstasis

A

Effect of mechanisms within the body
which maintain internal environmental conditions
between acceptable standards

475
Q

Homeorhesis

A

Mechanisms which regulate the
internal environment of the body during times of
physiological change/stress, such as pregnancy or
illness

476
Q

Homeothermic

A

Animals which are warm-blooded;
can maintain their own body temperature, despite
fluctuations in the external environmental
temperature

477
Q

Hormone

A

Internal body secretion, carried via the
blood to a specific destination in which it elicits a
specific response

478
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

Production of highly specific

antibodies in response to the presence of antigens

479
Q

Hunger

A

Sensation of requirement of food

480
Q

Hybrid

A

Describing the offspring of two different
strains or breeds of animals, in which there are
genetic traits present from both of the parents

481
Q

Hybrid Vigor

A

Degree to which an offspring with a
combination of breed genetics is superior to its noncrossbred
parents

482
Q

Ileum

A

Third and final section of the small intestine;

nutrient absorption occurs here

483
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

Globular protein in the blood

serum which has antibody properties

484
Q

Impaction

A

When a tubular structure of the body is

blocked and passage of materials can not occur

485
Q

Incubator

A

Machine which artificially incubates eggs

for 18 days, prior to transfer to the hatcher

486
Q

Inbreeding

A

Production of offspring by related

parents

487
Q

Infectious

A

Capable of causing an infection in the

body

488
Q

Infundibulum

A

First section of the oviduct in avian
species, responsible for catching the yolk upon
ovulation; site of fertilization and a degree of sperm
storage

489
Q

Invasiveness

A

Ability of a foreign agent to spread
from the original site of infiltration of the body of the
organism to the circulatory system

490
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone secreted by the pancreas;
decreases blood sugar levels by converting glucose
to glycogen for storage

491
Q

Intensive Management

A

Production system
involving high production input costs; characterized
by many animals being housed in close proximity

492
Q

Ionophore

A

Molecule which increases the
permeability of a cell membrane to an ion; often
used as a growth promoting agent

493
Q

Isomer

A

Molecular compound having the same
constituents of composition as another, but the
constituents are found in another formation

494
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms of which there are more than one
variety, in that the atoms have the same number of
proton but a varying number of neutrons

495
Q

Isthmus

A

Third section of the oviduct in which shell

membranes are added to an egg

496
Q

Jejunum

A

Second and middle section of the small
intestine; has an important role in nutrient
absorption

497
Q

Jenny

A

Female Donkey

498
Q

Jack

A

Male donkey

499
Q

Keet

A

young guinea fowl

500
Q

Kid

A

Young goat

501
Q

Lactating

A

When a cow is producing milk

502
Q

Lactational Anestrous

A

A period of anestrous (either
complete anestrous, or depressed reproductive
ability) resulting from lactating to provide for the
current offspring

503
Q

Lamb

A

Young sheep (under 1 year of age)

504
Q

Large Intestine

A

Section of the digestive tract
responsible for absorption of electrolytes and water;
comprised of the cecum, colon, and rectum

505
Q

Lipid

A

Substances soluble in fat solvents; include fats,
oils, phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins, fatty
acids, and alcohols

506
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

A

Hormone produced by the
anterior pituitary; responsible for ovulation and
development of the corpus luteum in females and
testosterone production in males

507
Q

Mastitis

A

Infection of the udder/teats

508
Q

Marbling

A

Fat in muscle tissue

509
Q

Magnum

A

Second section of the oviduct, in which the

albumen portion of the egg is added

510
Q

Mare

A

female horse

511
Q

Medullary Bone

A

Bone type unique to avian species;
found in the cortical bone; acts as a calcium source
for eggshell development

512
Q

Metabolism

A

All biochemical reactions occurring in an
organism which result in a capacity for normal life,
function, and production

513
Q

Metabolite

A

Substance produced as a result of

metabolism

514
Q

Metritis

A

Inflammation of the uterus

515
Q

Molt

A

Shedding and regrowth of feathers

516
Q

Monogastric

A

Pertaining to animals with a simple

stomach; that is, not ruminants

517
Q

Morbidity

A

Number or proportion of sick animals

518
Q

Mortality

A

Number or proportion of animal deaths

519
Q

Mule

A

Non-fertile offspring of a female horse and a

male donkey

520
Q

Mulesing

A

Practice of cutting strips of skin in the
proximity of the anus of a sheep, which will deter
the growth of wool, preventing manure build-up and
the resulting fly attraction

521
Q

Mutton

A

Meat from a sheep that is more than 1 year

in age

522
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior pituitary; releases

oxytocin

523
Q

Neutral Detergent Fibre

A

Components of a
feedstuff not solubilized by neutral detergent (i.e. –
hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin – mainly constituents
of plant cell walls)

524
Q

Nitrogen-free extract

A

Result of proximate analysis
which indicates the proportion in a feed that is
digestible carbohydrates

525
Q

Nutrient

A

Substance which provides nourishment in a
feed; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins,
minerals

526
Q

Nutraceutical

A

A nutraceutical is a product isolated or
purified from foods that is generally sold in
medicinal forms not usually associated with foods. A
nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological
benefit or provide protection against chronic disease.
Source: http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/displayafficher.do?id=1171305207040&lang=eng

527
Q

Offal

A

Trimmings of an animal carcass; often
considered without value as they are not consumed
by humans

528
Q

Omasum

A

Third compartment in the ruminent
stomach, immediately prior to the abomasums;
reduces particle size and absorbs nutrients

529
Q

Oocyte

A

Immature egg, not fertilized; made up of
maternal chromosomes and the species-specific
amount of yolk

530
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Learning to complete an

action in order to obtain a reward

531
Q

Ovary

A

Female gamete-producing organ; responsible

for follicle production and secretion of sex hormones

532
Q

Oogenesis

A

Formation, development, and maturation

of ova

533
Q

Outbreeding

A

Production of offspring by parents that

are not related

534
Q

Outcrossing

A

Production of offspring by parents that

are not related but are of the same breed

535
Q

Oviduct

A

In avian species, the transport canal from
the ovary to the cloaca, in which the components of
the egg are added onto the yolk (follicle); in nonavian
species, the transport canal from the ovary to
the uterus

536
Q

Ovine

A

Pertaining to sheep

537
Q

Oviposition

A

Laying of a complete egg

538
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of a follicle from its position on

the ovary into the oviduct

539
Q

Ovum

A

Mature gamete of the female

540
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone secreted by the posterior
pituitary that is responsible for milk letdown and
smooth muscle contractions during parturition

541
Q

Pandemic

A

Disease which affects a large number of
people within a population or across a large
geographical area

542
Q

Passive Immunity

A

‘Donation’ of temporary
immunity from a resistant animal to a susceptible
one by the administration of developed antibodies

543
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Hormone secreted from the
parathyroid gland; allows calcium extraction from
bone when blood calcium levels are low

544
Q

Parity

A

Litter of pigs; number denotes the number

and order of litters had by a sow

545
Q

Parturition

A

Birth

546
Q

Pathogenic Agent

A

Factor that has the ability to

cause disease under certain conditions

547
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of a pathogenic agent to
infiltrate, infect, and multiply to such a degree so as
to cause disease in an animal

548
Q

Pea chick

A

Young peacock

549
Q

Pea cock

A

Male peacock

550
Q

Pea hen

A

Female peacock

551
Q

Penis

A

Male reproductive organ; comprised of urethra
and vascularized erectile tissue which are both
responsible for transmitting sperm into the female
vagina

552
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary contractions of the smooth
muscles lining tube-like structures in an animal’s
body; for example, in the digestive and reproductive
tracts, serving to move fluids, digesta, etc., through
the tube

553
Q

Persistency

A

Degree to which an animal can maintain
a production curve in the decreasing portion
(especially egg and milk production)

554
Q

Pheromones

A

Chemicals released by an animal which

send signals to other animals of that species

555
Q

Photoperiod

A

The timing in a one day period that

animals have hours of light and hours of dark

556
Q

Photophase

A

The hours in a photoperiod that are

light

557
Q

Photostimulation

A

The use of increased exposure to
light (day length) in order to stimulate puberty and
production

558
Q

Pigeon Cock

A

Male Pigeon

559
Q

Pigeon Hen

A

Female pigeon

560
Q

Piglet

A

Young pig

561
Q

Pipping

A

The process by which a chick penetrates the

air cell and shell at the commencement of hatching

562
Q

Poikilothermic

A

Pertaining to animals whose body
temperature fluctuates, following the pattern of the
environmental air temperature

563
Q

Polled

A

Types of cattle that genetically have no horns

564
Q

Porcine

A

Pertaining to pigs

565
Q

Poulard

A

Castrated female chicken

566
Q

Poult

A

Newly-hatched turkey

567
Q

Poultry

A

A domestic avian species

568
Q

Pre-mix

A

Prepared mixture of micro-nutrients which
are added to the feed in order to ensure all nutrient
requirements are met in a diet

569
Q

Prion

A

Infectious agents made of protein, often
occuring in the nervous system causing
Transmissible Spongioform Encephalopathies (TSE)
such as scrapies (sheep) and BSE (cattle).

570
Q

Progesterone

A

Steroid hormone produced by the
corpus luteum (ovary); maintains pregnancy in
mammals and stimulates ovulation in avian species

571
Q

Prolactin

A

Released by the anterior pituitary;

stimulates milk production after parturition

572
Q

Prolapse

A

When an organ or body part has fallen
from its normal position; for example, vaginal
Prolapse

573
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Hormone-like substances which
have an important role in physiological reactions
such as blood pressure, reaction to inflammation,
and smooth muscle contraction

574
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Male reproductive accessory gland;
secretes alkaline fluid which is added to the semen
to aid in transport and survival in the vaginal
environment

575
Q

Proventriculus

A

Avian equivalent of the true stomach
– that is, it secretes enzymes and acid for feed
breakdown; found between the crop and gizzard

576
Q

Proximal

A

Anatomical descriptor; indicates the

location of something relatively close

577
Q

Proximate Analysis

A

Procedures used to determine
the proportions of protein, lipid, dry matter, ash, and
nitrogen-free extract, from a substance

578
Q

Pullet

A

Young female chicken under 1 year of age

579
Q

Purine

A

Double-ringed nucleic acids; adenine and

guanine

580
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Single-ringed nucleic acids; cytosine,

thymine, and uracil

581
Q

Quota

A

Minimum or maximum amount of an

agricultural product that is required from a producer

582
Q

Quiviet (Qiviut)

A

Woolly undercoat of a muskox

583
Q

Radioimmunoassay

A

Method of quantifying very
small amounts of hormones or drugs by measuring
the binding (or inhibition of binding) of an antibody
attached to a radiolabelled substance

584
Q

Ram

A

Intact male sheep

585
Q

Ram Lamb

A

Immature male sheep

586
Q

Ration

A

Amount of diet to be provided per unit of

time

587
Q

Rectum

A

Last section of the large intestine prior to

the anus; serves as a storage for feces

588
Q

Replacement Heifer

A

Young female bovine, from the
time she is selected to be bred to the time of first
calving and addition to the regular breeding herd

589
Q

Resistance

A

Ability of an organism to resist infection

590
Q

Roaster

A

Large broiler chicken which is meant to be

cooked whole

591
Q

Reticulum

A

First section of the ruminant stomach;

involved in the movement of feed between the rumen, omasum, and esophagus, and in regurgitation of the bolus

592
Q

Rooster/cock

A

Intact, mature male chicken

593
Q

Roughage

A

Coarse feed, high in fibre

594
Q

Rumen

A

Second and largest portion of the ruminant
stomach; the rumen houses populations of
anaerobic micro-organisms which are capable of
degrading complex carbohydrates in order to
synthsize nutrients for use by the animal

595
Q

Ruminant

A

Animal with a stomach made up of four

compartments

596
Q

Rumination

A

Refers to the processes whereby feed is

regurgitated from the rumen, chewed, and reswallowed

597
Q

Satiety

A

Sensation of not requiring food; being

satisfied of food

598
Q

Scours

A

Diarrhea in young animals, cause by bacterial
infection, changes to or an inappropriate diet, or
environmental factors

599
Q

Selection Differential

A

Difference between animals
selected to be parents when pursuing the
improvement of a certain trait and the rest of the
flock/herd

600
Q

Serum

A

Portion of any body fluid which remains after

the solid components have been removed

601
Q

Sexing

A

Determining if an offspring is male or female

602
Q

Shell Gland

A

Section of the oviduct prior to the
vagina; where the shell and shell pigments (if
present) are deposited

603
Q

Silage

A

Feed preserved by fermentation

604
Q

Single Desk Selling System

A

Producers sell product
to a single organization, rather than having a choose
a buyer from a market

605
Q

Sire

A

Paternal parenting unit

606
Q

Snood

A

Flesh which hangs over the beak on a turkey

607
Q

Somatotropin

A

Secreted by the anterior pituitary;

stimulates growth

608
Q

Sow

A

Female pig who has farrowed at least once

609
Q

Spent Fowl

A

Reproductive chicken stock after the end

of one laying cycle

610
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Formation, development, and

maturation of sperm in the testis

611
Q

Squab

A

Young Pigeon

612
Q

Stag

A

Cockerel immediately prior to sexual maturity or an intact male deer

613
Q

Stallion/Stud

A

An intact male horse

614
Q

Starter

A

Ration for very young animals

615
Q

Steer

A

Castrated male bovine

616
Q

Stereotypy

A

Abnormal behaviour originating from a

frustrated natural behaviour

617
Q

Stigma

A

Line of ovulation in the outer covering of a

follicle that is devoid of vascularization

618
Q

Stomach

A

Section of the digestive tract between the
esophagus and small intestine; portion in which
chemical degradation occurs on ingested feeds;
animals with a single stomach compartment are
monogastric, animals with four compartments are
ruminants

619
Q

Stress

A

Any factors which reduce an animal’s
resistance to disease, growth, or production
 Eustress – Positive strees
 Distress – Negative stress
 Cumulative stress – Prolonged effects of stresses

620
Q

Supply Management

A

Marketing system used to
regulate the supply of agricultural product to the
public, thereby maintaining a degree of stability in
price for the consumer and demand for the
producer. This system is administered through
quotas, either maximal or minimal, and applies
especially to milk and all poultry products.

621
Q

Teaser

A

Ram used for stimulating ewes to enter heat,
or to detect ewes that are in heat; ram is usually
incapable of breeding to prevent accidental mating

622
Q

Terminal Cross

A

Production of offspring which are all
intended for the commercial market, and not for
replacement/breeding

623
Q

Testis (pl. testes)

A

Male gamete-producing organ;
responsible for the production of sperm and male
sex hormones. The majority of the testis is
comprised of seminiferous tubules, the site of sperm
production

624
Q

Testosterone

A

Steroid hormone secreted by the
testis (one of a group of androgens – male sex
steroids); encourages sperm production, controls
accessory sex organs and secondary sex
characteristics

625
Q

Three ‘R’s

A

Goals established with the intent of
improving the use of animals in research:
 Reduction – of the number of animals used
 Refinement – of research techniques
 Replacement – of test animals with other methods
of research

626
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

Released from the
anterior pituitary; regulates production of hormones
by the thyroid gland

627
Q

Thyroxin (T4)

A

Hormone produced by the thyroid
gland; contains iodine; aids in regulating cell
metabolism

628
Q

Tom

A

Male turkey

629
Q

Trabecular Bone

A

Internal matrix of bone; primarily

for structural support

630
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Hormone produced by the
thyroid gland; contains iodine; effect is similar to
that of thyroxin, but is produced in smaller amounts
and has a briefer effect

631
Q

True Digestibility

A

Digestibility of a feed when

accounting for endogenous materials in the feces

632
Q

True Protein

A

Crude Protein minus non-protein nitrogen (amino acids, DNA, etc.)

633
Q

Total Digestible Nutrients

A

Proportion of a ration that is utilizable by the animal

634
Q

Utero-vaginal Junction

A

In avian species, the section where the shell gland joins the vagina; the site of the sperm storage tubules

635
Q

Ungulate

A

Herbivorous, four-legged, hoofed animals

636
Q

Vaccine

A

Injection of modified or live pathogens;
encourages antibody production or immunity when
the same pathogen is encountered by the animal
again

637
Q

Vagina

A

In avian species, the section of the oviduct

immediately prior to the cloaca

638
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Muscular tube of the male reproductive system which transports sperm from the vas deferens to the urethra at the time of ejaculation

639
Q

Vector

A

Carrier of disease from an infected organism

to a non-infected organism

640
Q

Vent

A

Opening of the cloaca, allowing reproductive
and digestive products to reach the outside of the
body

641
Q

Ventral

A

Aspect away from the spine; ‘front’ of a

bipedal animal, the lower half of a quadruped

642
Q

Vesicular Glands/Seminal Vesicles

A

Male reproductive accessory gland; adds an alkali

secretion which includes fructose to the sperm

643
Q

Virulence

A

Degree to which an infectious organism is

able to cause disease

644
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs of an animal

645
Q

Wattles

A

Flaps of flesh hanging from the bottom of

the beak in chickens and turkeys

646
Q

Weaning

A

Decreasing the offspring’s dependence on
the dam for milk, until the offspring is capable of
consuming a diet entirely void of maternal mil

647
Q

Wether

A

Castrated male sheep

648
Q

Yearling

A

Calf or lamb between 1 and 2 years old

649
Q

Zoonotic Disease

A

Disease capable of being transmitted from animals to humans

650
Q

Zygote

A

Diploid cell formed upon syngamy of male and female gametes

Animal Science 200 (1 decks)

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