important

Question 1

fetal problems of infant of diabetic mother

Answer 1

1. Malformations especially cardiac malformations and sacral agenesis.
2. Macrosomia in 60% of infants of diabetic mothers > birth injuries
   (Birth weight more than 90” percentile for gestational age)
   a. Maternal hyperglycemia causes fetal hyperglycemia (as glucose crosses the
   placenta).
   b. Fetal hyperglycemia > fetal hyperinsulinism which promotes growth
   c. It predisposes to cephalopelvic disproportion especially if born vaginally>
   birth trauma e.g. cephalhematoma, brachial plexus injury and phrenic nerve
   paralysis.
3. Intrauterine growth retardation in less than < 5 % of infants of diabetic mothers.
   Due to advanced diabetic vascular disease > poor blood supply to the fetus.
4. Higher Risk for spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations