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AGR*2350 > Importance of livestock production > Flashcards

Importance of livestock production Flashcards

1
Q

What is livestock?

A

Animals raised for production of meat, milk, eggs, fibre, leather, and draft/work.

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2
Q

What odd(ish) animal do they milk in Dubai

A

Camels

“Camelicious Dairy”

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3
Q

What is domestication?

A

Adaption of the behavior of animals to suit the needs of humans.
Livestock species: 6,000 to 12,000 years ago

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4
Q

Chronological timeline of domestication of livestock

years ago

A
  1. dog - 15,000
  2. sheep, goat - 11,000
  3. pig - 10,500
  4. cow, cat - 10,000
  5. chicken - 8,000
  6. llama, alpaca - 6,000
  7. horse - 5,500
  8. dormedary (camel), water buffalo - 5,000
  9. donkey - 4,900
    10 Bactrian Camel - 4,600
  10. yak - 4,500
  11. turkey - 2,900
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5
Q

What animal(s) mentioned in class were domesticated in Asia?

A

Dogs, Sheep, Goats, Pigs, Cows, Cats, Chickens, Horses, Dormedary (camels), Water buffalo, Bactrian camels, Yaks

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6
Q

What animal(s) mentioned in class were domesticated in Africa?

A

Donkeys

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7
Q

What animal(s) mentioned in class were domesticated in North America?

A

Turkeys

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8
Q

What animal(s) mentioned in class were domesticated in South America?

A

Llamas and Alpacas

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9
Q

Key facts about the domestication of sheep?

A
  • evidence of people wearing wool 10,000 BC
  • one of the first domesticated species
  • small in size
  • provided meat, milk, and clothing
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10
Q

Key facts about the domestication of Cattle?

A
  • 2 groups: Taurine (bos taurus) 10,500 years ago, Indcine (bos indicus) zebu humped 8,500 years ago
  • aurochs
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11
Q

Key facts about the domestication of Pigs?

A
  • domesticated from wild boars
  • approximately 10,000 years ago
  • believed to be from Turkey and Middle East
  • forest dwelling, tuber eaters - deforestation
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12
Q

Key facts about the domestication of Chickens?

A
  • much less is known
  • about 6,000 years ago
  • south Asia - bamboo forest
  • much less is known
  • about 6,000 years ago
  • Southeast Asia - bamboo forests
  • Gallus gallus - red junglefowl
  • reproduction nutrition
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13
Q

Key facts about the domestication of Horses?

A
  • Eurasia about 3000 BC
  • First hunted for meat, then herded
  • used as draft animals, then riding to keep track of flocks/herds
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14
Q

How do humans pick what animals to domesticate?

A
  • must have a trait of interest/value
  • depend on humans for survival
  • behaviors are changed with domestication
  • humans have control over breeding/ reproduction - selective breeding
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15
Q

What is selective breeding?

A
  • identify traits of interest, and breed animals to emphasize that trait
  • often domesticated animals have traits rarely seen in the wild, Eg. white colouring.
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16
Q

What are the 6 reasons for domestication of animals?

A
  1. food production
  2. clothing
  3. non-food products
  4. power
  5. land management
17
Q

Reason for domestication of animals: food production

Why animal products?

A
  • palatability - Generally prefer taste
  • protein - amino acids more closely match human requirement
  • other micro nutrients: vitamin B12, iron, etc
18
Q

Reason for domestication of animals: Clothing

A
  • wool
  • leather
  • fibre = bristle/brushes
  • feathers
19
Q

Reason for domestication of animals: non-food products

A
  • insulin, heparin, thrombin, etc
  • rennet
  • industrial products - lanolin, gelatin, collagen
  • meat and blood meals
  • research - human medicine
20
Q

Reason for domestication of animals: power

A

Draft
- important to developing countries
- a variety of species
Transportation - historically important

21
Q

Reason for domestication of animals: land management

A 
Use of low productive lands
- pasture and rage 
-hilly terrain
Globally 2/3 of total arable land is in pasture/range
- however 60% is not suitable for cultivated crops
Manure
- low cost nutrient source
- provides nutrients and organic matter
-developed vs developing countries
- can also be used as a fuel
Conservation 
- environmental good and services
- lots of growth in this are
22
Q

Reason for domestication of animals: recreation/sport

A
  • religious/non-secular
  • racing
  • rodeos
  • breeding shows
  • companionship

AGR*2350 (4 decks)

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