Implementation

Question 1

Your organization is implementing a secure backup strategy. What is a best practice for ensuring the security of backup data?

A) store backup data in an unencrypted, publicly accessible cloud storage
B) implement regular, automated backups with versioning
C) share backup data with external partners
D) keep backup data on the same server as the original data

Answer 1

Implement regular, automated backups with versioning

Regular, automated backups with versioning ensure data recovery and security. Versioning allows the restoration of data to a specific point in time, which can be critical in case of data loss or breaches.

Question 2

You are tasked with securing a web server. Which of the following is a recommended practice for protecting against web server vulnerabilities?

A) disable all security updates to maintain stability
B) regularly update the web server software and plugins
C) allow unrestricted access to sensitive configuration files
D) set weak, easily guess guessable passwords for server access

Answer 2

Regularly update the web server software and plugins

Regularly updating the web server software and plugins is essential to patch known vulnerabilities and maintain the security of the server.

Question 3

You are configuring a firewall to enhance network security. What is a key consideration when implementing firewall rules?

A) allow all incoming and outgoing traffic for simplicity
B) block all network traffic from external sources
C) create specific rules to allow necessary traffic and deny all else
D) disable the firewall to avoid network complexity

Answer 3

Create specific rules to allow necessary traffic and deny all else

When configuring firewall rules, it’s important to follow the principle of least privilege and create specific rules to allow only necessary traffic while denying all other traffic, which enhances security.

Question 4

Your organization is implementing a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy. What is a recommended security measure to ensure the security of employee-owned devices?

A) allow employees to install any applications they choose
B) implement mobile device management (MDM) software
C) share sensitive company data openly with all devices
D) disable all security features to improve device performance

Answer 4

Implement mobile device management (MDM) software

Implementing MDM software helps organizations manage and secure employee-owned devices, enforce security policies, and protect company data on those devices.

Question 5

A network administrator is responsible for securing a web server. What is a key consideration when implementing secure communication with HTTPS?

A) use a self-signed certificate for simplicity
B) enable plain HTTP for public-facing content
C) purchase a valid SSL/TLS certificate from a trusted certificate authority
D) store sensitive data in clear text on the web server

Answer 5

Purchase a valid SSL/ TLS certificate from a trusted certificate authority

Using a valid SSL/TLS certificate from a trusted certificate authority ensures secure communication and data integrity, which is crucial for web server security.

Question 6

A Database Administrator (DBA) is tasked with securing a database server. What is a recommended practice for database security?

A) use easily guessable database passwords for user accounts
B) implement role-based access control (RBAC) to restrict user privileges
C) share the entire database with external partners
D) store sensitive data without encryption

Answer 6

Implement role-based access control (RBAC) to restrict user privileges

Implementing RBAC helps restrict user privileges within the database, ensuring that users can only access data and perform actions necessary for their roles.

Question 7

You’re managing identity and account controls for a corporate network. What’s a primary consideration when implementing a robust password policy for user accounts?

A) enforcing the reuse of passwords to simplify password management
B) allow employees to choose easily memorable passwords
C) requiring frequent password changes without any complexity requirements
D) implementing complex, unique, and regularly updated passwords

Answer 7

Implementing complex, unique, and regularly updated passwords

Implementing complex, unique, and regularly updated passwords is crucial for a robust password policy. This strategy helps enhance security by making passwords more difficult to crack and reduces the likelihood of password reuse.

Question 8

You are enhancing access control measures for a corporate network. What technology is specifically designed for centralized access control in network environments, providing a separate authentication system?

A) OAuth
B) kerberos
C) discretionary access control (DAC)
D) MAC

Answer 8

Kerberos

Kerberos is a network authentication protocol specifically designed for centralized access control, offering a separate authentication system. It uses tickets and a Key Distribution Center (KDC) to authenticate users and provide secure access to network resources.

Question 9

Which technology standardizes authentication without exposing user credentials to the service provider?

A) root
B) TACACS+
C) openID
D) domain validation

Answer 9

OpenID

OpenID is a technology that standardizes authentication, allowing users to access multiple services with a single set of credentials without disclosing their credentials to service providers. It’s commonly used for single sign-on solutions.

Question 10

Which protocol provides a method for a client to request services from a network server without exposing user credentials?

A) OAuth
B) TACACS+ (terminal access controller access-control system plus)
C) root
D) openID

Answer 10

TACACS+

TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) provides a method for a client to request services from a network server without exposing user credentials. It’s a protocol for centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services.

Question 11

What entity is responsible for verifying the identity of certificate holders and issuing digital certificates?

A) certificate revocation list (CRL)
B) intermediate CA
C) certificate authority (CA)
D) registration authority (RA)

Answer 11

Certificate authority (CA)

A Certificate Authority (CA) is responsible for verifying the identity of certificate holders and issuing digital certificates. It validates the identity of entities and binds their public keys to their identity through a digital signature.

Question 12

You’re setting up a public key infrastructure. What element performs the critical task of confirming the validity of a digital certificate, facilitating real-time status checks?

A) certificate signing request (CSR)
B) online certificate status protocol (OCSP)
C) key management
D) CN (common name)

Answer 12

Online certificate status protocol (OCSP)

The Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) performs the critical task of confirming the validity of a digital certificate by providing real-time status checks. It enables systems to verify if a certificate is valid or revoked.

Question 13

What specific data field in a certificate identifies the entity associated with the public key contained in the certificate?

A) certificate signing request (CSR)
B) intermediate CA
C) CN (common name)
D) certificate revocation list (CRL)

Answer 13

CN (common name)

The Common Name (CN) field in a certificate identifies the entity associated with the public key contained in the certificate. It’s a naming attribute associated with the subject of the certificate.

Question 14

Which intrusion detection system primarily identifies attacks by comparing traffic patterns against a pre-established set of rules or signatures?

A) anomaly-based IDS
B) signature-based IDS
C) IPSec
D) SSL/TLS

Answer 14

Signature-based IDS

A Signature-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) identifies attacks by comparing traffic patterns against a pre-established set of rules or signatures. It works by matching known attack patterns against network traffic to detect threats.

Question 15

A network admin is establishing secure communication channels over the internet. What cryptographic protocol suite provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality for VPN connections, including site-to-site connections?

A) SSL/TLS
B) IPSec
C) network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS)
D) remote access

Answer 15

IPSec

IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a cryptographic protocol suite that provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality for VPN connections, including site-to-site connections, securing communication over the internet.

Question 16

What intrusion detection method primarily detects attacks by identifying deviations from established baselines?

A) heuristic/behavior-based IDS
B) network-based intrusion prevention system (NIPS)
C) signature-based IDS
D) SSL/TLS

Answer 16

Heuristic/ behavior-based IDS

Heuristic/Behavior-based IDS primarily detects attacks by identifying deviations from established baselines or normal behavior within network traffic, flagging anomalies that could indicate potential threats.

Question 17

What system provides a secure, encrypted method for remote access users to connect to the corporate network?

A) anomaly-based IDS
B) IPSec
C) signature-based IDS
D) heuristic/ behavior-based IDS

Answer 17

IPSec

IPSec provides a secure, encrypted method for remote access users to connect to the corporate network. It establishes a VPN to securely transmit data over the internet and connect remote users to the corporate network.

Question 18

What protocol ensures secure transmission of data between a web server and a browser?

A) IPSec
B) remote access
C) SSL/TLS
D) CN (common name)

Answer 18

SSL/TLS

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS), ensure secure transmission of data between a web server and a browser, providing encryption and security for web browsing.

Question 19

An organization is assessing the security of a system and need to identify what should be controlled to minimize potential attack vectors. What common cybersecurity measure involves closing unnecessary communication entry points into a system?

A) patch management
B) open ports and services
C) disk encryption
D) OS

Answer 19

Open ports and services

Open ports and services involve controlling unnecessary communication entry points into a system. Closing or securing these ports helps minimize potential attack vectors by limiting entry points for unauthorized access.

Question 20

What component is primarily responsible for storing configurations, settings, and options for the operating system and other software?

A) OS
B) registry
C) anti-malware
D) endpoint detection

Answer 20

Registry

The Registry is primarily responsible for storing configurations, settings, and options for the operating system and other software, managing system integrity and various configurations.

Question 21

What practice involves regularly updating and fixing security vulnerabilities in software to prevent exploitation?

A) endpoint detection
B) anti-malware
C) OS
D) patch management

Answer 21

Patch management

Patch management involves regularly updating and fixing security vulnerabilities in software, serving to prevent exploitation and enhance system security by addressing identified vulnerabilities.

Question 22

To ensure seamless internet usage within the organization. What system converts domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites through recognizable domain names?

A) file transfer
B) directory services
C) remote access
D) domain name resolution (DNS)

Answer 22

Domain name resolution (DNS)

Domain name resolution involves converting domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites through recognizable domain names.

Question 23

What service or protocol primarily enables this automatic assignment of IP addresses?

A) directory services
B) DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol)
C) network address allocation
D) routing and switching

Answer 23

DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol)

DHCP is the service or protocol that primarily enables the automatic assignment of IP addresses to devices connected to the network, allowing for dynamic allocation of IP addresses.

Question 24

When implementing encryption for data protection, what is the primary goal of a symmetric key algorithm?

A) to accelerate data transfer rates
B) to enhance network aesthetics
C) to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data
D) to centralize data storage

Answer 24

To ensure confidentiality and integrity of data

The primary goal of a symmetric key algorithm in encryption is to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data by using a single key for both encryption and decryption.

Question 25

When implementing encryption for data protection, what is the primary goal of a public-key infrastructure (PKI)?

A) to accelerate data transfer rates
B) to enhance network aesthetics
C) to ensure confidentiality and data integrity
D) to centralize data storage

Answer 25

To ensure confidentiality and data integrity

The primary goal of a public-key infrastructure (PKI) in encryption is to ensure the confidentiality and data integrity of information through the use of public and private keys for encryption and digital signatures.

Question 26

In the implementation of secure coding practices, which principle focuses on validating and sanitizing user input to prevent common vulnerabilities?

A) to optimize network performance
B) to ensure proper data entry in forms
C) to enhance network aesthetics
D) to protect against injection attacks and invalid data

Answer 26

To protect against injection attacks and invalid data

The principle of validating and sanitizing user input primarily focuses on protecting against injection attacks and ensuring that data entered by users is free from vulnerabilities.

Question 27

When implementing secure network designs, which security solution is typically used to separate a network into multiple broadcast domains, enhancing security and network management?

A) intrusion detection system (IDS)
B) network access control (NAC)
C) virtual LAN (VLAN)
D) firewall

Answer 27

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Virtual LAN (VLAN) is typically used to separate a network into multiple broadcast domains, enhancing security and network management by isolating groups of devices from one another.

Question 28

Which protocol is commonly used to secure email communications by providing message encryption and authentication?

A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SMTP
D) TLS

Answer 28

TLS

TLS (Transport Layer Security) is commonly used to secure email communications by providing message encryption and authentication, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of email content.

Question 29

When implementing host or application security solutions, what is the primary purpose of antivirus software?

A) to encrypt network traffic
B) to protect against unauthorized access to servers
C) to detect and remove malware and viruses from the host system
D) to optimize network performance

Answer 29

To detect and remove malware and viruses from the host system

The primary purpose of antivirus software is to detect and remove malware and viruses from the host system, enhancing security by preventing malicious software from executing.

Question 30

In secure network designs, what is the primary goal of implementing network segmentation and access controls?

A) to accelerate data transfer rates
B) to centralize user authentication and authorization
C) to enhance network aesthetics
D) to reduce the attack surface and limit lateral movement of threats

Answer 30

To reduce the attack surface and limit lateral movement of threats

The primary goal of implementing network segmentation and access controls is to reduce the attack surface, limiting lateral movement of threats within a network, and enhancing overall security.

Question 31

In the context of implementing secure network designs, what is the primary goal of a demilitarized zone (DMZ)?

A) to centralize user authentication and authorization
B) to enhance network aesthetics
C) to protect internal network resources by isolating public-facing servers
D) to optimize network performance

Answer 31

To protect internal network resources by isolating public-facing servers

The primary goal of a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is to protect internal network resources by isolating public-facing servers from the internal network, enhancing security.

Question 32

A financial institution is implementing host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) on its critical servers. Why is this practice crucial for the institution’s security?

A) to optimize network performance for efficient transactions
B) to ensure that security threats and unauthorization access to sensitive financial data are detected and mitigated on individual servers
C) to centralize user authentication and authorization
D) to enhance the aesthetics of the server room

Answer 32

To ensure that security threats and unauthorization access to sensitive financial data are detected and mitigated on individual servers

In this scenario, the primary purpose of HIDS is to detect and respond to security threats and unauthorized access on individual servers, providing an essential layer of security for sensitive financial data.

Question 33

you work for an e-commerce company, and you’re responsible for implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) for your online store. In this scenario, why is a WAF essential to protect your business?

A) to encrypt all incoming and outgoing traffic
B) to enhance the aesthetics of your website
C) to protect your online store from cyberattacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting
D) to centralize data storage for efficient access

Answer 33

To protect your online store from cyberattacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting

the primary purpose of a WAF is to protect the online store from cyberattacks, ensuring the security of customer data and transactions.

Question 34

A government agency is implementing data loss prevention (DLP) software. What is the primary purpose of DLP in this context?

A) to centralize user authentication and authorization for government employees
B) to protect sensitive government data by preventing unauthorized data leaks and ensuring compliance and regulations
C) to optimize network performance for efficient data transmission
D) to accelerate data transfer rates for government communication

Answer 34

To protect sensitive government data by preventing unauthorized data leaks and ensuring compliance and regulations

In this scenario, the primary purpose of DLP implementation is to protect sensitive government data by preventing unauthorized data leaks and ensuring compliance with regulations and data security policies.

Question 35

You’re setting up a secure Wi-Fi network for your office. What is a key consideration when implementing a strong wireless security protocol?

A) use WEP (wired equivalent privacy) for backward compatibility
B) implement WPA3 (Wi-Fi protected access 3) with strong encryption
C) disable SSID broadcast for network obscurity
D) utilize MAC address filtering to allow specific devices

Answer 35

Implement WPA3 (Wi-Fi protected access 3) with strong encryption

In an office setting, implementing WPA3 with strong encryption is crucial for ensuring the security of your Wi-Fi network and the data transmitted over it. WEP is outdated and insecure.

Question 36

You’ve been tasked with encrypting a company laptop to protect sensitive data. What is essential to protect the decryption key?

A) store the decryption key in plain text on the device
B) use a strong passphrase to protect the decryption key
C) share the decryption key with trusted colleagues
D) publish the decryption key on a public website

Answer 36

Use a strong passphrase to protect the decryption key

Question 37

Your organization aims to enhance network security. What is the primary objective of implementing an intrusion detection system (IDS)?

A) to prevent all network attacks and unauthorization access
B) to detect and alert on suspicious or malicious activity
C) to block all network traffic from external sources
D) to encrypt all network communications

Answer 37

To detect and alert on suspicious or malicious activity

An IDS’s primary role is to identify and alert on unusual or potentially harmful network activity, helping organizations respond to security threats. It doesn’t prevent all attacks.

Question 38

You’re responsible for setting up access controls in your organization’s IT systems. What does the principle of least privilege (POLP) aim to achieve?

A) grant the maximum access to all users
B) grant access based on job titles
C) grant users the minimum access necessary to perform their tasks
D) grant unrestricted access to all administrative accounts

Answer 38

Grant users the minimum access necessary to perform their tasks

POLP ensures that users are granted the least amount of access required to perform their job functions, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and security breaches.

Question 39

When implementing a secure password policy, which of the following is a recommended practice to enhance security?

A) allow users to reuse their previous passwords
B) require complex passwords that include a combination of letters, numbers and special characters
C) set a default password for all new user accounts
D) implement password rotation every six months

Answer 39

Require complex passwords that include a combination of letters, numbers and special characters

Requiring complex passwords with a mix of letters, numbers, and special characters increases the difficulty for attackers to guess or crack passwords, enhancing security.

Question 40

Which technology should be implemented to provide a secure and encrypted connection for remote users to access internal resources?

A) virtual private network (VPN)
B) telnet
C) remote desktop protocol (RDP)
D) FTP ( file transfer protocol)

Answer 40

Virtual private network (VPN)

A VPN provides a secure and encrypted connection for remote users to access internal resources, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity.