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Embryology > Implantation And Second Week Of Development > Flashcards

Implantation And Second Week Of Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the endometrium

A

Endometrium- mucosa lining the inside wall
Myometrium- thick layer of smooth muscle
Perimeteium- peritoneal covering lining the outside wall

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2
Q

The endometrium undergoes 3 phases
What are they

A

Follicular/Proliferative phase
Secretory/Progestational phase
Menstrual phase

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3
Q

The proliferative phase coincides with

A

The growth of ovarian follicles

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4
Q

The proliferative phase occurs under the influence of

A

Estrogen

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5
Q

The secretory phase begins how many days after ovulation

A

2-3 days

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6
Q

The secretory phase occurs in response to which hormone

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

The progesterone is produced by

A

The corpus luteum

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8
Q

If fertilization occurs endometrium assists in the formation of

A

Placenta

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9
Q

What takes over the role of hormone production after fertilization

A

Placenta

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the endometrium

A

Superficial compact layer
Intermediate spongy layer
Thin basal layer

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11
Q

Implantation occurs how many days after ovulation

A

6-10

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12
Q

What prevents the blastocyst from sticking to the wall of uterus

A

Zona pellucida

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13
Q

The trophoblast undergo mitosis and form new cells that lose their membrane and form a mass of cells called

A

Syncytiotrophpblast

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14
Q

Normal site of implantation of the blastocyst

A

Upper part of the posterior wall of the uterine cavity

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15
Q

Abnormal site of implantation within the uterus

A

Lower uterine segment near the internal os

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16
Q

Abnormal site of implantation outside the uterus

A

In the uterine tube
In the abdominal cavity
In the ovary

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17
Q

The trophoblast is differentiated into 2 layers called

A

Cytotrophpblast
Syncytiotrophoblast

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18
Q

Cells of the embryo differentiate into 2 layers called

A

-A layer of cuboidal cells adjacent to blastocyst cavity called hypoblast
- A layer of high columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity called epiblast layer

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19
Q

A small cavity appears within the epiblast and enlarges to become

A

The amniotic cavity

20
Q

Epiblast cells adjacent to cytotrophoblast are called

A

Amnioblasts

21
Q

The large tortuous glands secrete abundant

A

Glycogen and mucus

22
Q

The penetration defect in the surface epithelium of the endometrium is closed by

A

Fibrin Coagulum

23
Q

At the embryonic pole the flattened cells originating from the hypoblast forms thin membrane called

A

The exocoelomic /Henser membrane that lines the inner surface of the cytotrophoblast

24
Q

The exocoelomic membrane together with the hypoblast forms the

A

exocoelomic cavity/ primitive yolk sac

25
Q

The network formed by the lacunar spaces in the syncytium is particularly evident where

A

The embryonic pole

26
Q

At the abembryomic pole the trophoblast still consists of _________ cells

A

Cytotrophoblastic

27
Q

The maternal capillaries which are contested and dilated are known as

A

Sinusoids

28
Q

Some large cavities develop in the extra embryonic mesoderm and when these spaces become confluent they form

A

The extra embryonic/ chorionic cavity

29
Q

The amniotic cavity surrounds the primitive yolk sac and amniotic cavity except

A

Where the trophoblast is connected to the germinal disc by connective stalk

30
Q

The extraembryonic mesoderm lining the cytotrophoblast and amnion is called the

A

Extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm

31
Q

The extraembryonic mesoderm covering the yolk sac is called

A

Extraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm

32
Q

What could cause a woman to see her period after she is already pregnant

A

Occasionally, there is bleeding near the site of implantation as a result of increased blood flow into the lacunar spaces. Because this blood flow coincides with the 28th day of the menstrual cycle, it may be confused for menstrual bleeding

33
Q

Cellular columns from the cytotrophoblast with surrounding syncytial covering are known as

A

Primary villi

34
Q

At day 13, The hypoblast produces additional cells that proliferate and form a new cavity within the exocoelomic cavity called

A

The secondary yolk sac or definitive yolk sac

35
Q

Large portions of exocoelomic cavity are pinched off and are found in the extraembryonic cavity as

A

Exocoelomic cysts

36
Q

At day 13, the extraembryonic mesoderm lining the inside of the cytotrophoblast is known as

A

The chorionic plate

37
Q

With development of blood vessels, the chorionic stalk becomes the umbilical cord

A
38
Q

Implantation outside the uterus results in an

A

Ectopic/Extrauterine pregnancy

39
Q

95% of ectopic pregnancies occur

A

In the uterine tube

40
Q

In the abdominal cavity, the blastocyst may also attach itself to the

A

Peritoneal covering of the rectouterine cavity or pouch of douglas

41
Q

Sometimes the blastocyst develops in the ovary proper resulting in

A

A primary ovarian pregnancy

42
Q

It is likely that most abnormal blastocysts would not have produced any sign of pregnancy because

A

Their trophoblast was so inferior that the corpus luteum could not have persisted

43
Q

What is an hydatidiform mole

A

It is a condition in which the trophoblast of an abnormal blastocyst develops and forms placental membranes with little to no embryonic tissue present

44
Q

Hydatidiform moles secrete high levels of hcG and may produce

A

Benign or Malignant tumors

45
Q

Hydatidiform moles arise from

A

Fertilization of an oocyte lacking a nucleus followed by duplication of the male chromosomes to restore the diploid number

46
Q

What is genomic imprinting

A

It is the phenomenon in which there is differential modification and/or expression of homologous alleles or chromosome regions depending on the parent from which the genetic material is derived

Embryology (3 decks)

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