Imperialism and WW1

Question 1

What are colonies?

Answer 1

A big country will steal from and invade a smaller country and in the process claim ownership

The smaller country doesn’t have same rights

Question 2

What is a sphere of influence?

Answer 2

Only for economic purposes

Exclusive trading area

Question 3

What are protectorates?

Answer 3

The smaller country has its own government but its policies are influenced by imperial countries

Question 4

What are five motives of imperialism?

Answer 4

Nationalism
Political rivalries/military strategy 
Economics
Humanitarian and religious concerns
Philosophy of Social Darwinism

Question 5

What was the Scramble for Africa?

Answer 5

Brought European powers to the brink of war

Held a conference in Berlin in 1884-1885

Drew boundary lines on a map of Africa and established control over the regions

Question 6

What is direct rule?

Answer 6

The European nation controlled government at all levels in its colony

Believed Africans could not rule themselves and tried to enforce European beliefs

Question 7

What is indirect rule?

Answer 7

A British governor and council of advisors made laws for each colony

Local rulers loyal to the governed retained some of their traditional authority

Local rulers had limited power and couldn’t influence government decisions

Question 8

What is militarism?

Answer 8

The glorification of the military and readiness for war

Question 9

Why did the leader of Germany want war with France?

Answer 9

He played on the fear of being controlled by France. He convinced the southern states of Germany to form an alliance with Prussia for protection against France. He hoped the alliance would lead to political unity and believed a war with France would guarantee that result.

Question 10

Why did the leader of France want war with Prussia?

Answer 10

France had suffered disastrous foreign adventures and was facing facing growing domestic problems. He was alarmed at the growing power of Prussia and hoped a successful war would save his failing regime

Question 11

Why did Britain and France want to preserve the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 11

They considered the Ottoman Empire a block against the expansion of Russia or Austria-Hungary into the Balkan region

Question 12

What were the seven causes of WW1?

Answer 12

Nationalism 
Imperialism
Breakdown in Balance of Power
Alliance System
Arms Race
Stupid Diplomacy (Bluffing)
Balkan Powder Keg

Question 13

How did nationalism cause WW1?

Answer 13

Social Darwinism
Competition/tension
Fear

Question 14

How did imperialism cause WW1?

Answer 14

Competition
Scramble for colonies
Germany’s expansion to try to catch up with other nations

Question 15

How did the breakdown in the balance of powers cause WW1?

Answer 15

Unification of Italy and Germany through off balance of power

Question 16

How did the alliance system cause WW1?

Answer 16

Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
Triple Andante (Britain, France, Russia)

Pulled nations into the war because if a country in your alliance joined the war you did too

Question 17

How did the arms race cause WW1?

Answer 17

Industrialization
You needed to build something better then your competition
British vs Germany (war ships)
Militarization of society

Question 18

How did stupid diplomacy or bluffing cause WW1?

Answer 18

Carried out international affairs in a shallow narcissistic way

Threat of war was used as a political tool

Question 19

How did the Balkan Powder Keg cause WW1?

Answer 19

Region of Europe (Serbia)
Referred to as Powder Keg because it was unstable
Pent up nationalism of oppressed people
Being bullied by Austria-Hungary
Lead to Russia saying leave Serbia alone
Some Serbians joined terrorist group called the Black Hand and assassinated Franz Ferdinand

Question 20

Why were none of the nations ready for war?

Answer 20

None of the military or political leaders took war seriously because they regarded it as an instrument of foreign policy

Industrial Revolution changed war because they had new technology but no knowledge of how to use it

Big weapons: Mustard gas, machine guns, artillery shells

Question 21

What happened in the Spring of 1918?

Answer 21

Germany realized they were running out of supplies. Their last big assault didn’t go good and the reactionary attack pushed Germany out of France

Question 22

What does Attrition mean?

Answer 22

Whoever runs out of stuff loses

Success was not tactics but not running out

Although Britain didn’t do good in warfare, they had colonies to send them stuff

Question 23

How did WW1 start the Russian Revolution?

Answer 23

The soldiers were running out of things and didn’t agree with the politics surrounding it so they marched home.

Vladimir Lennon leads the revolution promising three things: peace, land and bread

Question 24

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litousk?

Answer 24

In order to drop out of the war Russia gave Germany 1/3 of farmland in Russia

Question 25

What happened on November 11, 1918?

Answer 25

There was a ceasefire

The Germans thought they were signing a ceasefire in that spot, the Allies thought they won

Question 26

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 26

At the 1919 Peace Conference, Britain said Germany lost and blamed them for the war. They also set up an unfair treaty.

Caused Germany to give up territory, lose all their colonies, army and navy are limited in size, no airforce, no defences on the border of France, and Germany and Austria were forbidden from joining together

Biggest thing: Article 231, War Guilt Clause. Germany and her allies are responsible for starting the war and thereby responsible for damages and will be billed

It’s the cause of many of the problems post war and would have repercussions

Question 27

What did President Wilson from America stand for at the 1919 peace conference?

Answer 27

He thought nations should sit down and figure out a way to not have a war

Came with 14 points and came up with the League of Nations

Question 28

What did Clemenceau from France stand for at the 1919 peace conference?

Answer 28

Life in France sucks and he wants revenge

He wants to make sure Germany is never strong enough to start another war

Question 29

What did Lloyd George from Britain stand for at the 1919 peace conference?

Answer 29

Although personal he sided more with Wilson, the people of Britain are Anti-German and it’s an election year so he sided with France

Question 30

What was the League of Nations?

Answer 30

All nations could come and solve problems by taking not fighting

Question 31

Why did the League of Nations fail?

Answer 31

Human nature
Nationalism
Britain and France used it to only benefit themselves
America never joined because Congress didn’t want to
Germany wasn’t invited