imperialism and industrial revolution Flashcards
Industrial Revolution 1
Originated in England because of it’s natural resources and steam engine.
Spread to Europe and the United states
Role of cotton, textile, iron, and steel industries.
Industrial revolution 2
Relationship to British enclosure movement.
Rise of factory system-demise of cottage industries.
Control raw materials markets throughout the world.
Technological advances that produced the industrial revolution.
Spinning Jenny: James Hargreaves
Steam engine: James Watt
Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney
Advancements in science and medicine
Smallpox vaccine- Edward Jenner
Bacteria discovery- Louis Pasteur
Impact of the industrial revolution on industrialized countries
Population increase Most increased their standards of living
Improved transportation
urbanization
Impact of the industrial revolution on industrialized countries 2
Environmental pollution
increased education
dissatisfied working class with working conditions
growth of middle class
capitalism
Adam Smith- The wealth of nations
Market competition and Entrepreneurial abilities
impact on standard of living
growth of middle class
poor working conditions and unequal distribution of wealth
socialism and communism
Communist manifesto (Frederick Engels) and Das Kapital
Response to the injustice of capitalism
Importance to communist of redistribution of wealth
The nature of work in the factory system
cottage industries displaced by factory system
Men competing with women and children for wages
child labor kept production costs low and prophet high
The owners of mines and factories had control over the lives of their laborers
impact of the industrial revolution on slavery
Cotton Gin increased demand for slave labor on American plantation
Us and Britain outlawed slave trade and then slavery
Industrial competition for rescourcesand colonies
Nationalism- European nations competing for colonial possession
European Economic, military, and political power forced colonized countries to trade on European terms.
industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced traditional industries
Forms of imperialism
sphere of influence
colonies
protectorate
Economic-industrialized nations sought
Raw materials
natural resources
cheap labor supply
New markets
exploration and ideological motives
steam engine= better transportation= increase exploration=better communication
Berlin conference
David Livingstone- Mapping the dark continent
desire to “civilize” no-europeans sparked development of imperialism
Social Darwinism “White man’s burden”
European imperialism
European countries sought to create empire by gathering smaller nations- E.M.P.I.R.E
People in Asia, Africa, and Americas subdued
Uk with Egypt, South Africa, and other nations
France an UK finance the Suez canal
Shares in canal lead by UK, France, and Egypt
Egypt has a financial crisis so Brittain buys out their interest
financial crisis=1882-uprising threatens the canal
British invade and occupy Egypt
The Dutch arrive on the Cape of Good Hope in the late 17th century
Europeans settled, took land, drove out natives
Dutch and British fought for control (boer war 1899-1902)
British prevailed
West Africa occupied-1870
Australia colonized-1775
Malaysia occupied-1824
British Quana founded- 1814
Burma invaded by UK-1824
British East India company and the UK
BEIC sets up monopoly of trade with India
French convince to throw the UK out
Uk invade india and win the battle of plassey
controls India for the next 200 years
France loses trade rights in India
Infrastructure built in India and elsewhere
Like Africa and asia, Britain improves countries infrastructure by building roads, railways, damn, canals, telegraphs,, and telephone lines
Sepoy rebellion in India against the UK
The Sepoys were Indian soldiers who served under british commanders
1857: refused to use ammunition with pork and beef fat
rebellion
After ending, British took control of India
UK and China Opium wars
UK and China the opium trade
China restored trade with most of Europe and taxed incoming goods
Uk needed chinese tea and needed a product China would demand
The product grew from a poppy plant
Turned into a drug known as Opium
5.6 million pounds 1883
UK declared war on china twice and was defeated both times
France and its territories
French and Indochina encompassed a number of self gathering region in S E Asia including modern day vietnam, laos and cambodia
France controlled most of lands for 100 years, ended after WWII (multiple wars for independence from France
France had most territories in Africa in the 60’s and 70’s
Opening of Japan
US arrived at previously forbidden Japanese country
Japan allows it and are forced to create a trade deal with the US
Us gives Japan lots of gifts
Meiji restoration in Japan
Tokugawa Shogunate overthrown by imperial forces
Emperor=figurehead
shogun= warlord that ruled for emperor
ended when US arrived
New emperor Mutsuhito ruled from 1867-1912
