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Modern History - Year 11 > Imperialism > Flashcards

Imperialism Flashcards

1
Q

What century has been described as “The Age of Imperialism?”

A

The 19th Century

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2
Q

What is Imperialism?

A

The practice of extending the power of a nation, especially by acquiring the territory of another nation

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3
Q

What is colonisation?

A

The practice of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous peoples of an area

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4
Q

When did the foundation of European imperialism begin?

A

European Imperialism began in 1400, with advances in ship-building and navigation

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5
Q

Who were the earliest European imperial powers?

A

Spain and Portugal

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6
Q

What is an outpost?

A

A place that represents the authority of a far-away imperial country

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7
Q

What was the date/outcome of the Seven Year’s War?

A

The Seven Year’s War was fought by Imperialists between 1754-1763

It resulted in Britain emerging as a maritime power as well as gaining several nations and territories from France & Spain

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8
Q

How large was the Britsh Empire at its peak?

A

It covered 1/4 of the world’s surface and controlled 1/4 of its population

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9
Q

When was the American Revolution fought?

A

Between 1765-1783

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10
Q

What was the catlyst for the Age of Imperialism?

A

The Industrial Revolution

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11
Q

By 1914, what percentage of the world did Europe control?

A

84%

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12
Q

What was the Scrable for Africa and when did it occur?

A

The Scramble for Africa was when European powers raced to carve up Africa and divide it among themselves

It occurred between 1881-1914

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13
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

Mercantilism is an economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy. It promotes imperialism, tariffs and subsidies on traded goods to achieve that goal.

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14
Q

Which nation did King Leopold and the Belgians brutally exploit?

A

The Belgian Congo

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15
Q

What percentage of Global Economic Output was Europe responsible for in 1800 and 1861?

A

1800 = 28%

1880 = 61%

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16
Q

What were the three main justifications given for Imperialism?

A

Nationalism, Social Darwinism & Christianity

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17
Q

What is nationalism?

A

identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

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18
Q

How was international standing measured during the Age of Imperialism?

A

By viewing the size of each nation’s armed forces and empire

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19
Q

What was Social Darwinism?

A

A perversion of the theory of natural selection presented by Charles Darwin in his 1859 work ‘On the Origin of Species’

Social Darwinists argued that the process of evolution had created ‘superior’ races (Europeans) and ‘inferior’ races (almost everyone else)

They argued European superiority justified the exploitation of ‘less civilised’ races

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20
Q

What was ‘The White Man’s Burden’?

A

‘The White Man’s Burden’ was a term coined by Rudyard Kipling in one of his poems, and later used by many imperialists

It argued that the Europeans had a duty to civilised the ‘savage races’ of the world

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21
Q

What were ‘missions’?

A

Missions were a group of people sent by a religious organisation to teach their religion to conquered peoples

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22
Q

What was the effect of the spread of Christianity?

A

This drive to destroy native cultures & beliefs and replace them with Christianity had a destructive effect on many indigenous populations

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23
Q

What have Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada been classified as?

A

Settler Colonies

24
Q

What were ‘settler colonies’?

A

Settler colonies provided places to resettle the growing European population and people who had been forced off their agricultural land by urbanisation and industrialisation

25
Q

When did the Zulu Wars take place?

A

1879-1896

26
Q

During which battle of the Zulu Wars were the British temporarily defeated?

A

The Battle of Isandlwana (1879)

A Zulu army of 20,000 warriors wiped out a British army of 2000 men equipped with modern weapons

27
Q

When did the Maori Wars take place?

A

1845-1875

28
Q

What is the legacy of Imperialism?

A

It led directly to the first phase of globalisation

It made English the universal language of trade & communication

It brought the rapid spread of both Christianity and Capitalism

29
Q

How can Imperialism be considered a cause of the First World War?

A

Imperialism led to militarism, as European powers needed armies and navies to protect and maintain their colonies

30
Q

Why has the concept of modernity been described as ‘twenty-first century cultural imperialism’?

A

Modernity assumes the superiority off the Western, modern way of living, thinking and knowing

31
Q

Why were Vietnam’s villages so close-knit?

A

Vietnam’s population was largely static, meaning that communities became very close and established

The community also depended on each other when facing the challenge of growing enough rice to pay government taxes

32
Q

What were most Vietnamese people in 1750?

A

Rural Peasants

33
Q

What is the Vietnamese word for village?

A

Xa

34
Q

What is a Dinh?

A

A dinh was located in the centre of a village and housed the village’s deity, a guardian spirit that protected the village and its people

35
Q

What is a ‘dynasitc emperor’?

A

A dynastic emperor is the supreme ruler of a nation.

They come from a hereditary line of emperors, and many subjects believe that they have been divinely appointed

36
Q

What was the structure of pre-colonial Vietnamese government?

A

Dynastic Emperor

Royal Council

Senior Mandarins

Lower Ranked Mandarins

Chiefs & Councils

37
Q

Before French invasion, what was Vietnam’s economy based on?

A

Vietnam’s economy was based on agriculture, and especially the cultivation of rice

38
Q

What is a ‘cottage industry’?

A

A business or manufacturing activity carried on in people’s homes

39
Q

Why was rice important to Vietnam’s economy?

A

Rice farming is incredibly labour intensive

Rice contains enough nutrients to sustain life

Rice can be stored for months or even years - this meant that it could be used as the basis of a tax

40
Q

What were the three main religious beliefs in pre-colonial Vietnam?

A

Buddhism

Taoism

Confucianism

41
Q

How did Confucianism influence Vietnamese society?

A

Respect and politeness, especially to elders, was highly valued

Schools were operated in the provinces and a National School was run in Hue to educate future government officials

The Vietnamese government selected its officials through an exam that was open to men and women, rich and poor alike

42
Q

What was the capital of pre-colonial Vietnam?

A

Hue

43
Q

Wich European nation first made contact with Vietnam?

A

Portugese first made contact with Vietnam in 1535

44
Q

When did Catholic missionaries first arrive in Vietnam?

A

1615

45
Q

Which Vietnamese Emperor banned Christianity in Vietnam, and when?

A

Emperor Minh Mang banned Christianity in Vietnam in 1825

46
Q

When did the French invade Vietnam?

A

1858

47
Q

What are the three reasons for the French colonisation of Vietnam?

A

Religious - to protect the Catholic missionaries

Strategic - to compete with Britain and other European nations in the region

Economc - to increase France’s economic wealth

48
Q

What reason did the French give to the public for their invasion of Vietnam?

A

The idea of a ‘mission civilsatrice’ or civilising mission

49
Q

What was the Treaty of Saigon?

A

Signed in 1862, the Treaty of Saigon gave the French control of the Cochinchina region of south Vietnam

50
Q

By what year did France control all of Vietnam?

A

1884

51
Q

What three areas did France divide Vietnam into?

A

Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina

52
Q

How did France govern Vietnam?

A

The French imported over 5000 bureaucrats to run Vietnam

53
Q

What percentage of Vietnamese rubber plantations did the French own?

A

90%

54
Q

Who owned the land during colonisation?

A

French Settlers and a minority of wealthy Vietnamese

55
Q

What happened to education in Vietnam under French rule?

A

The French neglected education - only 10% of school-age children in Vietnam attended school

Literacy actually declined under French rule

56
Q

What happened to taxes under French rule?

A

Taxes in Vietnam increased sharply, with the French government controlling prices and keeping a majority of the profits

57
Q

What was the casualty rate of Indochinese soldiers in the First World War?

A

Over 50%

Modern History - Year 11 (3 decks)

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