Imperialism

Question 1

What is imperialism?

Answer 1

The takeover of a country by a stronger one with the intent of dominating its social, political, and economic life

Question 2

Why did European countries want to own colonies?

Answer 2

• Natural Resources
• Markets to sell goods to
• Nationalism
• Social Darwinism (to civilize the natives)
• To control trade routes
• Spread Christianity
• Worldwide naval bases

Question 3

What empire ruled India before imperialism?

Answer 3

Mughals

Question 4

Who took over in India after the fall of the Mughals?

Answer 4

British East India Company

Question 5

Who did the English hire to conquer India?

Answer 5

British officers and Indian soldiers

Question 6

What is a sepoy?

Answer 6

An Indian soldier that is fighting for the East India Company

Question 7

What rumor caused the sepoy rebellion?

Answer 7

The new bullet casings were greased with pork and beef fat

Question 8

Why did that rumor upset the sepoys?

Answer 8

Muslims don’t eat pork, and Hindus don’t eat any meat, especially beef

Question 9

Who defeated the sepoys after the East India Co. left?

Answer 9

The British Government

Question 10

What is the Raj?

Answer 10

The time period that India was ruled by the British GOVERNMENT

Question 11

What were the problems that Europeans had in trying to conquer Africa before industrializing?

Answer 11

• Terrain was impassable (mountains, deserts, etc)
• Rivers were dangerous
• Both sides had the same weapons
• Malaria and other diseases

Question 12

What inventions were created to that allowed the Europeans to take over Africa?

Answer 12

• Railroads
• Steamboats
• Maxim Gun
• Quinine

Question 13

Describe how Africans were living before Europeans invaded?

Answer 13

There were hundreds of smaller tribes and ethnic groups, and they were used very little modern technology/were not industrialized.

Question 14

How did David Livingstone create the urge to conquer Africa?

Answer 14

• His reports of a slave massacre prompted the Europeans to invade to stop it, and they never left again.
• He also mapped out much of the water routes that were used for the invasion

Question 15

What kind of countries were invited to take part in the Berlin Conference? Who was not invited?

Answer 15

Powerful European countries were invited, African countries were not

Question 16

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

Answer 16

To split up Africa without going to war with each other

Question 17

What determined how much of Africa each country got at the Berlin Conference?

Answer 17

The amount of military and economic power the country had

Question 18

What two African countries didn’t get taken over by the Europeans?

Answer 18

Liberia, Ethiopia

Question 19

What did Europeans consider when deciding which areas to claim?

Answer 19

Natural Resources

Question 20

What did they ignore when carving up Africa?

Answer 20

Tribal boundaries and ethnic groupings

Question 21

Why did the plan to sell goods to Africans not work out for the Europeans?

Answer 21

The didn’t use currency

Question 22

What is a cash crop?

Answer 22

A crop grown to sell for profit

Question 23

What are four examples of cash crops?

Answer 23

coffee, cacao, peanuts, rubber, cotton, opium, indigo, etc.

Question 24

What was different about Menelik II’s method of fighting the Europeans?

Answer 24

He was able to fight the Europeans with their own kind of weapons

Question 25

How did African tribes react to colonization overall?

Answer 25

Sustained violent resistance

Question 26

What were four positives of imperialism in Africa?

Answer 26

- Less local warfare - Better health, sanitation, and medicine - Better life expectancy and literacy rates - Better technology

Question 27

What were five negatives of imperialism in Africa?

Answer 27

- Lost independence and were used for forced labor - Many people died from new diseases, resistance movements, and famine - Africans never got the economic benefit of its resources - Totally destroyed African leadership, and put nothing in place when Europeans left - Dividing lines between tribes torn apart some ethnic groups, forced enemies to become allies, and set up

Question 28

What empire owned most of the Middle East from 500-1800 b.c.e.?

Answer 28

The Ottoman Empire

Question 29

Describe the Ottoman Empire at its peak.

Answer 29

It was the center of power, culture, and science for hundreds of years during the Dark Ages.

Question 30

Why did the Ottomans begin to fall behind the Europeans?

Answer 30

Lack of progress due to infighting and corruption

Question 31

Why did the Europeans want control of the Middle East?

Answer 31

Control of trade routes that connect the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well as oil eventually

Question 32

Define Geopolitics?

Answer 32

An area is seen as important because its location has strategic value to another country

Question 33

Who joined the Ottomans, and why would they do that?

Answer 33

France and Britain, so they could be the ones to take over the Crimean Peninsula instead of Russia

Question 34

What was the major difference in the European armies compared to the Russian army?

Answer 34

England and France had a smaller but industrialized and modern army, while Russia’s was old and huge

Question 35

What happened after the war to the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 35

They lost land to the Europeans and independence movements

Question 36

What did the Crimean War prove to the rest of the world?

Answer 36

That countries need to industrialize or be taken over by the Europeans

Question 37

How did the Egyptians try to modernize their country?

Answer 37

Built the Suez Canal Started to plant cash crops and irrigation systems Updated communication and transportation networks

Question 38

How much did that cost? Where did they get that money?

Answer 38

500 billion dollars, European banks

Question 39

How did the British use the debt to take over?

Answer 39

Britain used Egypt’s inability to pay its debt to force their way into the Egyptian government

Question 40

Persia is known as which country today?

Answer 40

Iran

Question 41

How did the Persians try to raise money to modernize?

Answer 41

By selling oil and tobacco rich land to European countries

Question 42

Why did that plan not work?

Answer 42

The rulers took all the money, and didn’t use it to modernize

Question 43

Which two countries invaded Persia and split it into “Spheres of Influence?”

Answer 43

Russia and Britain

Question 44

What is a “Sphere of Influence?”

Answer 44

A sphere of influence is any area in which one nation wields dominant power over a part of a different country

Question 45

Explain how the movie Hotel Rwanda showed the issues that imperialism left behind.

Answer 45

The two ethnic groups were treated differently by the Europeans during imperialism. When the Europeans left, they left the mistreated group in charge (Hutus) which led to a genocide targeting the other group (Tutsis). This is an example of the problems of drawing national boundaries without any regard to the tribal differences of the area.

Question 46

What do the elephant, coolie, and narrator represent in the reading “Shooting an Elephant?”

Answer 46

Elephant – Imperialism Coolie – All native peoples Narrator – All European countries

Question 47

Know at least three additional parts of the story, and what they represent.

Answer 47

There's a ton of these, so look over your homework if you need help

Question 48

David Livingstone

Answer 48

Scottish Minister who was the first European to explore the interior of Africa. His reports caused the Scramble for Africa

Question 49

Menelik II

Answer 49

Ruler of Ethiopia who beat the Italians when they tried to invade