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Modern World History > Imperialism > Flashcards

Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is imperialism?

A

The takeover of a country by a stronger one with the intent of dominating its social, political, and economic life

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2
Q

Why did European countries want to own colonies?

A
  • Natural Resources
  • Markets to sell goods to
  • Nationalism
  • Social Darwinism (to civilize the natives)
  • To control trade routes
  • Spread Christianity
  • Worldwide naval bases
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3
Q

What empire ruled India before imperialism?

A

Mughals

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4
Q

Who took over in India after the fall of the Mughals?

A

British East India Company

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5
Q

Who did the English hire to conquer India?

A

British officers and Indian soldiers

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6
Q

What is a sepoy?

A

An Indian soldier that is fighting for the East India Company

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7
Q

What rumor caused the sepoy rebellion?

A

The new bullet casings were greased with pork and beef fat

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8
Q

Why did that rumor upset the sepoys?

A

Muslims don’t eat pork, and Hindus don’t eat any meat, especially beef

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9
Q

Who defeated the sepoys after the East India Co. left?

A

The British Government

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10
Q

What is the Raj?

A

The time period that India was ruled by the British GOVERNMENT

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11
Q

What were the problems that Europeans had in trying to conquer Africa before industrializing?

A
  • Terrain was impassable (mountains, deserts, etc)
  • Rivers were dangerous
  • Both sides had the same weapons
  • Malaria and other diseases
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12
Q

What inventions were created to that allowed the Europeans to take over Africa?

A
  • Railroads
  • Steamboats
  • Maxim Gun
  • Quinine
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13
Q

Describe how Africans were living before Europeans invaded?

A

There were hundreds of smaller tribes and ethnic groups, and they were used very little modern technology/were not industrialized.

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14
Q

How did David Livingstone create the urge to conquer Africa?

A
  • His reports of a slave massacre prompted the Europeans to invade to stop it, and they never left again.
  • He also mapped out much of the water routes that were used for the invasion
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15
Q

What kind of countries were invited to take part in the Berlin Conference? Who was not invited?

A

Powerful European countries were invited, African countries were not

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16
Q

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

A

To split up Africa without going to war with each other

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17
Q

What determined how much of Africa each country got at the Berlin Conference?

A

The amount of military and economic power the country had

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18
Q

What two African countries didn’t get taken over by the Europeans?

A

Liberia, Ethiopia

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19
Q

What did Europeans consider when deciding which areas to claim?

A

Natural Resources

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20
Q

What did they ignore when carving up Africa?

A

Tribal boundaries and ethnic groupings

21
Q

Why did the plan to sell goods to Africans not work out for the Europeans?

A

The didn’t use currency

22
Q

What is a cash crop?

A

A crop grown to sell for profit

23
Q

What are four examples of cash crops?

A

coffee, cacao, peanuts, rubber, cotton, opium, indigo, etc.

24
Q

What was different about Menelik II’s method of fighting the Europeans?

A

He was able to fight the Europeans with their own kind of weapons

25
Q

How did African tribes react to colonization overall?

A

Sustained violent resistance

26
Q

What were four positives of imperialism in Africa?

A
  • Less local warfare
  • Better health, sanitation, and medicine
  • Better life expectancy and literacy rates
  • Better technology
27
Q

What were five negatives of imperialism in Africa?

A
  • Lost independence and were used for forced labor
  • Many people died from new diseases, resistance movements, and famine
  • Africans never got the economic benefit of its resources
  • Totally destroyed African leadership, and put nothing in place when Europeans left
  • Dividing lines between tribes torn apart some ethnic groups, forced enemies to become allies, and set up
28
Q

What empire owned most of the Middle East from 500-1800 b.c.e.?

A

The Ottoman Empire

29
Q

Describe the Ottoman Empire at its peak.

A

It was the center of power, culture, and science for hundreds of years during the Dark Ages.

30
Q

Why did the Ottomans begin to fall behind the Europeans?

A

Lack of progress due to infighting and corruption

31
Q

Why did the Europeans want control of the Middle East?

A

Control of trade routes that connect the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well as oil eventually

32
Q

Define Geopolitics?

A

An area is seen as important because its location has strategic value to another country

33
Q

Who joined the Ottomans, and why would they do that?

A

France and Britain, so they could be the ones to take over the Crimean Peninsula instead of Russia

34
Q

What was the major difference in the European armies compared to the Russian army?

A

England and France had a smaller but industrialized and modern army, while Russia’s was old and huge

35
Q

What happened after the war to the Ottoman Empire?

A

They lost land to the Europeans and independence movements

36
Q

What did the Crimean War prove to the rest of the world?

A

That countries need to industrialize or be taken over by the Europeans

37
Q

How did the Egyptians try to modernize their country?

A

Built the Suez Canal
Started to plant cash crops and irrigation systems
Updated communication and transportation networks

38
Q

How much did that cost? Where did they get that money?

A

500 billion dollars, European banks

39
Q

How did the British use the debt to take over?

A

Britain used Egypt’s inability to pay its debt to force their way into the Egyptian government

40
Q

Persia is known as which country today?

A

Iran

41
Q

How did the Persians try to raise money to modernize?

A

By selling oil and tobacco rich land to European countries

42
Q

Why did that plan not work?

A

The rulers took all the money, and didn’t use it to modernize

43
Q

Which two countries invaded Persia and split it into “Spheres of Influence?”

A

Russia and Britain

44
Q

What is a “Sphere of Influence?”

A

A sphere of influence is any area in which one nation wields dominant power over a part of a different country

45
Q

Explain how the movie Hotel Rwanda showed the issues that imperialism left behind.

A

The two ethnic groups were treated differently by the Europeans during imperialism. When the Europeans left, they left the mistreated group in charge (Hutus) which led to a genocide targeting the other group (Tutsis). This is an example of the problems of drawing national boundaries without any regard to the tribal differences of the area.

46
Q

What do the elephant, coolie, and narrator represent in the reading “Shooting an Elephant?”

A

Elephant – Imperialism
Coolie – All native peoples
Narrator – All European countries

47
Q

Know at least three additional parts of the story, and what they represent.

A

There’s a ton of these, so look over your homework if you need help

48
Q

David Livingstone

A

Scottish Minister who was the first European to explore the interior of Africa. His reports caused the Scramble for Africa

49
Q

Menelik II

A

Ruler of Ethiopia who beat the Italians when they tried to invade

Modern World History (8 decks)

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