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Imperialism Flashcards

1
Q

What is imperialism?

A

The takeover of a country by a stronger one with the intent of dominating its social, political, and economic life

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2
Q

Why did European countries want to own colonies?( 7 reasons)

A
  • Natural Resources
  • Markets to sell goods to
  • Nationalism
  • Social Darwinism (to civilize the natives)
  • To control trade routes
  • Spread Christianity
  • Worldwide naval bases
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3
Q

What empire ruled India before imperialism?

A

Mughals

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4
Q

Who took over in India after the fall of the Mughals?

A

British East India Company

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5
Q

Who did the English hire to conquer India?

A

British officers and Indian soldiers

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6
Q

What is a sepoy?

A

An Indian soldier that is fighting for the East India Company

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7
Q

What rumor caused the sepoy rebellion?

A

The new bullet casings were greased with pork and beef fat

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8
Q

Who defeated the sepoys after the East India Co. left?

A

The British Government

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9
Q

What is the Raj?

A

The time period that India was ruled by the British GOVERNMENT

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10
Q

What were the problems that Europeans had in trying to conquer Africa before industrializing?

A
  • Terrain was impassable (mountains, deserts, etc)
  • Rivers were dangerous
  • Both sides had the same weapons
  • Malaria and other diseases
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11
Q

What inventions were created to that allowed the Europeans to take over Africa?

A

Railroads
Steamboats
Maxim Gun
Quinine

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12
Q

Describe how Africans were living before Europeans invaded?

A

There were hundreds of smaller tribes and ethnic groups, and they were used very little modern technology/were not industrialized.

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13
Q

How did David Livingstone create the urge to conquer Africa?

A
  • His reports of a slave massacre prompted the Europeans to invade to stop it, and they never left again.
  • He also mapped out much of the water routes that were used for the invasion
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14
Q

What kind of countries were invited to take part in the Berlin Conference? Who was not invited?

A

Powerful European countries were invited, African countries were not

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15
Q

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

A

To split up Africa without going to war with each other

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16
Q

What determined how much of Africa each country got at the Berlin Conference?

A

The amount of military and economic power the country had

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17
Q

What two African countries didn’t get taken over by the Europeans?

A

Liberia, Ethiopia

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18
Q

What did Europeans consider when deciding which areas to claim?

A

natural resources

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19
Q

What did they ignore when carving up Africa?

A

Tribal boundaries and ethnic groupings

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20
Q

Why did the plan to sell goods to Africans not work out for the Europeans?

A

The didn’t use currency

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21
Q

What is a cash crop?

A

A crop grown to sell for profit

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22
Q

What are four examples of cash crops?

A

coffee, cacao, peanuts, rubber, cotton, opium, indigo, etc.

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23
Q

What was different about Menelik II’s method of fighting the Europeans?

A

He was able to fight the Europeans with their own kind of weapons

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24
Q

How did African tribes react to colonization overall?

A

Sustained violent resistance

25
What were four positives of imperialism in Africa?
less local warfare Better health, sanitation, and medicine Better life expectancy and literacy rates Better technology
26
What were five negatives of imperialism in Africa?
Lost independence and were used for forced labor Many people died from new diseases, resistance movements, and famine Africans never got the economic benefit of its resources Totally destroyed African leadership, and put nothing in place when Europeans left Dividing lines between tribes torn apart some ethnic groups, forced enemies to become allies, and set up the modern problems in africa
27
What empire owned most of the Middle East from 500-1800 b.c.e.?
The Ottoman Empire
28
Describe the Ottoman Empire at its peak.
It was the center of power, culture, and science for hundreds of years during the Dark Ages.
29
Why did the Ottomans begin to fall behind the Europeans?
Lack of progress due to infighting and corruption
30
Why did the Europeans want control of the Middle East?
Control of trade routes that connect the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well as oil eventually
31
Define Geopolitics?
An area is seen as important because its location has strategic value to another country
32
Who joined the Ottomans, and why would they do that?
France and Britain, so they could be the ones to take over the Crimean Peninsula instead of Russia
33
What was the major difference in the European armies compared to the Russian army?
England and France had a smaller but industrialized and modern army, while Russia’s was old and huge
34
What happened after the war to the Ottoman Empire?
They lost land to the Europeans and independence movements
35
What did the Crimean War prove to the rest of the world?
That countries need to industrialize or be taken over by the Europeans
36
How did the Egyptians try to modernize their country?
Built the Suez Canal Started to plant cash crops and irrigation systems Updated communication and transportation networks
37
How much did that cost? Where did they get that money?
500 million dollars, European banks
38
How did the British use the debt to take over?
Britain used Egypt’s inability to pay its debt to force their way into the Egyptian government
39
Persia is known as which country today?
Iran
40
How did the Persians try to raise money to modernize?
By selling oil and tobacco rich land to European countries
41
Why did that plan not work?
The rulers took all the money, and didn’t use it to modernize
42
Which two countries invaded Persia and split it into “Spheres of Influence?”
Russia and Britain
43
What is a “Sphere of Influence?”
A sphere of influence is any area in which one nation wields dominant power over a part of a different country
44
Why did the US want colonies?
To use as markets, for cash crops, and as a trading post
45
What crop was the Hawaiian economy based on?
sugar
46
What was the Bayonet Constitution?
A constitution that the Hawaiian king was forced to sign that gave his power to the American planters
47
Who helped the American planters take over Hawaii?
The United States Marine
48
How did the US get involved in the Philippines?
We were fighting Spain in the Spanish American War, and the Philippines were a Spanish colony
49
What did the US promise to the Filipino people?
Independence from Spain
50
Why did the Filipinos turn on the US?
Because we didn’t give them independence like we had promised them
51
Who won the Philippine War, and how many lives did it cost?
America, 600,000 Filipino lives, and 4,000 Americans
52
During what years did the US control the Philippines?
1902-1946
53
What positive effects did the American occupation have on the Philippines?
Improved sanitation, education, and economy
54
What do the elephant, coolie, and narrator represent in the reading “Shooting an Elephant?”
Elephant – Imperialism Coolie – All native peoples Narrator – All European countries
55
David Livingstone -
Scottish Minister who was the first European to explore the interior of Africa. His reports caused the Scramble for Africa
56
Menelik II
Ruler of Ethiopia who beat the Italians when they tried to invade
57
Queen Liliuokalani -
- Last queen of Hawaii
58
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino army

modern World History (1 decks)

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