Imperialism Flashcards
What is Imperialism?
The domination by a powerful nation over the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region.
Where could Europeans nations go and easily conquer people and bring those people under European control?
Asia, the Americas, and Africa
What were the three types of motives for imperialism?
Cultural, Political, Economic
What are the two types of economic motives? Explain
- The need for new markets
- a surplus of goods was created
- supply > demand, prices decrease and profits decrease - The need for self-sufficiency
- European nations did not trust each other; didn’t want to rely on the other nations, tariffs were created
- mechanization required mass quantities of: iron, coal, copper, rubber, and wool
- consumer goods were also needed: silk, tea, cotton, spices, coffee < NOT FROM EUROPE
Colonialism and imperialism are the same thing, what sets them apart?
Colonialism, 1450 - 1750, was the term used before the Industrial Revolution and imperialism, 1750 - present day, was the one after.
What is the cultural motive? Explain
The White Mans Burden
“Take up the white man’s burden
send forth the best ye bread
go bind your sons to exile
to serve your captives needs”
- White Mans = Europeans, Burden = duty/responsibility
- the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the inhabitants of their colonies
- basically the Europeans brought and forced their ‘western ideals’ on other countries
What is natural selection?
Europeans were able to dominate, so Europeans were better - ethnocentrism
What is cultural diffusion?
Europeans felt superior - imposed western culture on foreign countries
- culture meaning: religion, clothing, language, recreation, food, and customs
What is animism?
the belief that spirits or gods inhabited objects in nature
- Europeans thought they were silly and said, ‘if these wear real Gods, then why were they so easily to be dominated
What was the political motive?
Nationalism
What is nationalism?
Pride in ones nation, unity and independence, and a feeling superiority
What is a colony?
A nation or region totally controlled by a more powerful nation and populated by people from the dominant country
- DIRECT RULE
What is a protectorate?
A local ruler maintained the title, but the officials of the dominant nation control the region
- INDIRECT RULE
What is a sphere of influence?
A region in which one powerful and technologically superior nation had special economic and political privileges recognized by other nations
What is extraterritoriality?
- Diplomatic immunity
- Foreigners were not subject to the dominated nations laws; political privilege
What is exclusivity?
The dominated nation gave the dominant nation the SOLE/ONLY right to trade in one area of the dominated nation; economic privilege
What were the four major problems that contributed to the decline of the Qing Dynasty?
- Rapid population growth & domestic industry systems
- Corrupt political systems & failure to maintain civil service
- accepted bribes for political positions - No investment in infrastructure
- few taxes put into schools, roads, the military, hospitals - No development of advanced technology
- many of their designs never developed because of ETHNOCENTRISM
What did the Chinese call foreigners?
Guizi - demons/devils
What items did Europeans want from China?
Spices, jade, porcelain, precious metals, TEA, and SILK
What could foreigners ONLY purchase goods with?
Gold, silver, cotton
China was the largest market for what type of goods?
Finished goods
During the Opium Wars, what could foreigners ONLY trade for?
Tea
Where could foreigners ONLY exchange goods at, during the Opium Wars?
Guangzhou/Canton
During the Opium Wars, Britain requested WHAT from the Chinese?
Additional ports OR additional items
