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US History > Imperialism > Flashcards

Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

imperialism

A

military, economic, and political domination of a strong country over a weaker one; can either take over or colonize based on location

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2
Q

what happens during the civil war

A

european restarts imperialism

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3
Q

result of US being late to imperialism

A

nothing is really left/all good plans taken

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4
Q

domestic policy

A

focus on reconstruction; settling the west (newly freed men)

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5
Q

economic policy

A

industrialization (late on this too) (expand to compete w European countries)

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6
Q

foreign policy

A

isolaitonism and internationalism

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7
Q

isolationism

A

keeping to ourselves; not interacting with other countries

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8
Q

internationalism

A

interacting with other countries

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9
Q

what were the reasons for america’s desire to expand

A

economic concerns (raw materials/new materials) and anglo saxonism

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10
Q

anglo saxonism

A

the racist belief that cultural superiority lies in english-speaking nations

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11
Q

what was the US sharing/spreading (anglo saxonism)

A

language, ideas, value, government, religion; christianity and civilization

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12
Q

how to expand

A

military strength and modernize navy

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13
Q

Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan

A

professor and president of naval college; wrote “The Influence of Sea Power on History” conclusion was that a strong navy= strong country

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14
Q

US 4 part p;an (to become a naval power)

A
  1. military/naval bases in pacific
  2. military/navy bases in the Caribbean sea
  3. modern navy (newest technology
  4. connect pacific and Atlantic oceans
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15
Q

how did the US have a modernized navy

A

$ from congress
18 new battleships
makes US 3rd largest navy

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16
Q

alaska purchase

A

US purchased in 1867 from Russia for $7.2 million by William Seward (secretary of state) “Seward’s Folly” (mistake)

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17
Q

why did William Seward purchase Alaska

A

protection/buffer between US and Russia; eventually becomes a good purchase because of natural resources

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18
Q

why was the US interested in Hawaii

A

economy: raw materials (sugar) and new markets
anglo saxonism: monarchy, language, polytheistic

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19
Q

what did Americans invest in

A

sugar plantations and cheap labor(china, japan)

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19
Q

what did Americans invest in

A

sugar plantations and cheap labor(china, japan)

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20
Q

what did sugar from Hawaii require

A

tariffs

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21
Q

what did the Treaty of 1875 say

A

Hawaiian sugar could go into the US “duty free” (no tariffs)

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22
Q

King Kamehameha I

A

had to agree to make economic agreements with other countries

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23
Q

what did the Treaty of 1875 help

A

starts helping US gain control of Hawaii

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24
Q

when was the Treaty of 1875 renewed

A

1887

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25
Q

renew Treaty of 1887

A
  • sugar continues to go to US without tariffs
  • continue no economic agreements with other countries
  • add US gets exclusive use of Pearl Harbor (in Pacific)
  • Hawaiian constitution had to give voting rights to land owners (gave Americans more political power than Native Hawaiians)
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26
Q

Mckinley (Us Rep) Tariff of 1890

A

increase tariffs and add a tariff to Hawaiian sugar

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27
Q

affect on Hawaiian sugar (Mckinley Tariff of 1890)

A

cause a decline in the Hawaiian sugar industry (raised prices to get same profit)

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28
Q

when and who acquired Hawaii

A

1891 by Queen Liliuokalani

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29
Q

what did Queen Liliuokalani do

A

“Hawaii for Hawaiians”
rewrote the Hawaiian constitution removing landowner requirements

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30
Q

what did american planters do

A

150 marines were sent to Hawaii to “protect american interest”
it took them 3 days to get her to surrender her throne

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31
Q

what did President Cleveland declare Hawaii

A

a republic (gov for the people)

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32
Q

President sandford Dole

A

first president of the republic Hawaii (1893-1898)

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33
Q

when did president McKinnley annex Hawaii

A

1899 and it becomes a US territory

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34
Q

when did Hawaii become a state

A

1959

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35
Q

where is cuba

A

90 miles south of flordia in caribbean sea

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36
Q

prior to 1890’s, who controlled Cuba

A

Spain

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37
Q

sugar industry in Cuba

A

its important to them
1/3 of the world’s sugar

38
Q

causes of the spanish-american war

A

american investments in cuba
jose marti
general weyler
yellow journalism
de lome letter
USS Maine

39
Q

american investments in cuba

A

infrastructure (railroads, harbors)
plantations
trying to invest to help them grow and move sugar faster

40
Q

Jose Marti

A

Cuban nationalist +rebel (wanted Cuban control over Cuba)
he was exiled out of Cuba + he went to NYC + gets support for Cuban independence there

41
Q

General weyer

A

Spanish general in Cuba
“The Butcher” (given by Cuban rebels)
concentration camps (for the Cuban rebels to have them all in the same place)

42
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

exaggeration/sensationalizing news stories to gain interest

43
Q

two people in yellow journalsim

A

William Randolph Hearst- NY journal
Joseph Pulitzer- NY World
they competed against each other to sell newspaper so made everything look worse

44
Q

De Lone Letter

A
  • Feb 9, 1898 (dated letter)
  • letter to Spanish politicians in Cuba and tells them President McKinley is weak and isn’t gonna start a war with Spain bc he’s weak
  • Cuban rebels interpreted this letter, sent it to the US, and it got posted in newspapers for everyone to see
45
Q

De Lome

A
  • he was the Spanish ambassador to US
  • from Spain and lived in US
  • job: know everything about US to tell Spain
46
Q

USS Maine

A
  • Feb 15, 1898 (it exploded and sunk in the harbor)
  • docked in Havana Harbor (in Cuba) in case Americans need it
  • when it sank it killed 266 Americans
  • Spanish was blamed for this explosion
  • 1970 (divers went into the harbor and discovered it was an accident)
47
Q

march 1898

A

president mckinely asked congress to increase our defense budget by $50 million

48
Q

what does the US ask Spain to do in the peace offering they give them

A
  1. stop fighting rebels (yes)
  2. close reconcentration camps (let rebels go) (maybe)
  3. move to cuban independence (no)
49
Q

Spain’s response to the peace offering

A
  1. suspend fighting
  2. consider removing camps
  3. leave generals there
50
Q

congressional joint resolution

A
  • April 20, 1898
  • recognizes Cuba as independent
  • teller amendment -> says US has no intention of taking Cuba
51
Q

When does congress declare war on Spain

A

April 25, 1898
15 weeks

52
Q

What name did John Hay (sec of state) give the Spanish-American war

A

splendid little war

53
Q

military strategy in philippines

A

Admiral Dewey- in charge of the American fleet stationed in China
- he was told if congress declared war on Spain to take his fleet to the Philippines and attack the Spanish
Emilio Aguinaldo- Philipine rebel against Spanish control in Philippines

54
Q

military strategy in Cuba

A

Theodore Roosevelt (assistant sec of navy)
- here resigned from this position to fight in the war
- rough riders: cavalry (on horses) (his group of fighters)
- he had his uniform designed and had media follow him (trying to make a name/image of himself)

55
Q

deaths in spanish american war

A

385 americans killed by fighting
over 2,000 Americans killed by illness

56
Q

Treaty of Paris- 1898

A

written in December
1. Spain acknowledged Cuban independence
2. US acquired Spanish territory of Puerto Rico
3. US acquired Spanish territory of Guam
4. US purchased Philippines for $20 million

57
Q

Debate of the Treaty of Paris

A

2 main groups debating: anti-imperialist vs imperialist

58
Q

anti-imperialists

A
  1. self-determination
  2. cost to defend
  3. Asian politics
  4. assimilation (become similar)
  5. job competition
  6. we have enough problems
59
Q

imperialists

A
  1. extra military bases
  2. improve trade with Asia
  3. “white man’s burden” (we have to bring our culture, ideas, gov, language, etc to all these places + its our burden to bear)
60
Q

when was the treaty of paris of 1898 ratified

A

feb 6, 1899

61
Q

puerto rico and guam (america and its empire)

A
  • provide military bases/alliances
  • they dont really put up a fight about US acquiring them
62
Q

cuba (america and its empire)

A
  • US occupies Cuba for 5 years after Spanish-American war
  • direct + guide them in writing their new constitution
    -platt amendment
63
Q

platt amendment

A
  1. foreign governments (cant enter into agreement with a foreign country that could jeopardize Cuba’s independence)
  2. US has exclusive use of Guantanamo Bay (28,000 acres)
  3. US presence in Cuba
64
Q

US presence in Cuba

A
  • we guide them toward stable gov
  • rebuild/build buildings, roads, railroads (anything that improves Cuba + trade)
  • stable economy
65
Q

Dr. Walter Reid

A

responsible for eliminating the threat of yellow fever

66
Q

Philippines issues with the US

A
  1. expectation of post-spanish-american war
    - they expected independence especially after they helped US fight Cuba and we gave Cuba independence
  2. involvement with treaty/terms
    - they weren’t in Paris/congress when it came to treaty. they had no involvement about US purchasing them
67
Q

Philippine-American war 1899

A
  • Filipino rebels led by Aguinaldo
  • lasted 3 years
  • US sent 130,000 soldiers
  • about 100,000 Filipinos died in concentration camps (disease, lack of water/food, torture, trying to escape)
  • William Howard Taft
68
Q

William Howard Taft

A
  • 1st governor of the Philippines in 1901
  • referred to Filipinos as “his little brown people”
  • billions: we spend billions building to turn the Philippines into somewhere useful for trading
69
Q

US and China

A

1800s
wars that weakened China (internal and external)

70
Q

Spheres of Influence

A

when a stronger country gets control of an area of industry of a weaker country
- England, France, Russia, Germany, Japan

71
Q

US wanted more trade with China

A
  • John Hay (sec of state)
  • he wrote open door notes -> letter -. 5 countries spheres of influence
  • it said trade with china should be an open door
72
Q

boxer rebellion 1900

A
  • chinese nationalists (china’s greatest men)
  • rebelled by killing missionaries + destruction
  • spheres + US sent soldiers ended rebellion
  • US concerened
73
Q

Open Door Policy

A
  1. equal trade opportunities in China
  2. respect China’s independence
  3. Respect China’s territorial integrity
74
Q

America’s views on trade

A
  1. need to export goods -> need open markets
  2. right to intervene to keep markets open
  3. threatening American markets is a threat to American survival
75
Q

Theodore Roosevelt (career)

A
  • military (fought sp-am)
  • assistant of sec of navy
  • led rough riders in war
  • NY police commission man
  • VP- for Mckinley 2nd term
  • President
76
Q

Teddy as President

A
  1. Domestic Policy- is not going to be ignored
  2. Foreign Policy
  3. Great White Fleet
  4. Panama Canal
  5. US soldiers dominance in Latin America
77
Q
  1. Foreign Policy
A

“speak softly + carry a big stick”
big stick= military (show you how great I am, don’t speak it) (uses military to get what you want)

78
Q
  1. Great White Fleet
A

painted our naval ships white and sent them on a tour around the world

79
Q
  1. Panama Canal (why build)
A
  • connect atl and pac oceans
  • Spanish American war emphasizes need bc it tool the USS Oregon 71 days from cali to carribean
  • help with trade (easier, faster, less expensive to ship)
80
Q

who should build the panama canal

A
  • 1850: US + GB signed Clayton Bulwer Treaty
  • 1901: US + GB signed Hay Pauncefote Treaty
81
Q

Clayton Bulwer Treaty

A

promise between US that theyd build a canal across central America together

82
Q

Hay Pauncefote Treaty

A

GB backing out bc they werent ready to build canal

83
Q

pros/cons of canal in Nicaragua

A
  • 200 mile long canal- con
  • easier digging(land in middle is dry)
  • sovereign nation (own nation)
84
Q

pros/cons of canal in Panama

A

pros
- 50 mile long canal
- getting started wouldn’t be that difficult bc years before the French had kinda started a canal until bankrupt
cons
- bc panama is narrow and water on both sides, land is swampy so infrastructure walls to build canal
- atm panama was controlled by columbia

85
Q

hat-herran treaty

A
  • between US and Columbia
  • US lease land from Columbia (50 miles long, 6 miles wide)
    -wed pay 10 million (deposit) then 250,000 a year for 99 years
86
Q

Why did Columbia refuse the Hay-Herran Treaty at first

A
  1. not enough money
  2. they were afraid we’d eventually take over Panama if they gave US 50 by 6
87
Q

Panamanian revolution

A
  1. US sent 12 battleships to hangout in water around columbia
  2. Panamanians rebel against Columbia
  3. lasted 5 days
  4. US recognized Panama as independent
88
Q

Hay-Bunav-Varilla Treaty

A
  • we offer same terms to Panama after their independence
  • they say yes
89
Q

US purchased the Virgin Islands

A
  • 1917
  • from Denmark for $25 million (bc we heard Germany was interested)
90
Q

How does purchasing Virgin Islands solve problems

A

Venezuela and Dominican Republic both borrowed $ from Europe and couldn’t pay it back (we pay it off for them)

91
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A
  • 1823
  • written by James Monroe + said western hemisphere was closed to European colonization
92
Q

What is added to the Monroe Doctrine in 1901

A

Roosevelt Corollary

93
Q

what does the Roosevelt Corollary state

A

that the US could intervene if there was a financial crisis in Latin America (rather a country be in dept to the US than other countries)

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