Imperial Expansion Flashcards
When was the first navigation act passed & what did it say? Why was it introduced?
Passed in 1651 by the rump parliament — goods imported to England and its territories had to be on English ships
This was passed to remove the Dutch monopoly on freight trade across Northern Europe and North America
What else did the first navigation act require?
All crews of English ships had to be at least half English by nationality
How did the navigation act help trade?
Established national trading interests so it boosted English activity as their trade routes to the Middle East had been saturated by merchants from Spain, Holland & France resulting in a decline in their share of trade
When was the 2nd navigation act passed and what did it establish?
1660 — confirmed earlier legislation and rules and also banned exports, as well as imports from foreign ships, it also included a long list of goods, including tobacco and sugar which could only be shipped to England and her colones
What did the staple act require?
1663 — all goods shipped from the continent to the colonies had to pass through England
What impact did the stable act & navigation act have upon trade?
Became cornerstone of commercial expansion, imports and exports were protected and raw materials imported from the colonies could be re exported to the continents, resulting in more profit
What is the plantation duty act?
1673
Ensured that captains of English ships delivered specified goods to England only or face a financial penalty, meant that goods only came through England, no probate or personal gains
When was the east India company established? What was its makeup?
Established in 1600, made up on 242 merchants, their fleet sailed to India in 1601, with funds of 68,000 pounds and established a trading post at Batam, on the island on Java
In what year did the profits of the company exceed what? & what were annual profits
1688 - profits made by the east India company exceeded tobacco and sugar
1680s - annual profits were over 600,000
When did the east India company make loans to the crown?
10,000 pounds in 1660 and 50,000 in 1667
What trading post was established at Madras?
Trading post at Madras in India established in 1633, became centre of trade for calico textiles made from woven cotton
When did Charles II reinstate the charter for the east India company?
1660, granting its same privileges and returning capital assets worth 740,000 back to the company
How was the importance of the east India company highlighted?
It was highlighted in 1672, when it was given permission to mint coins in India, and in 1675, the mint began the production of the Indian rupee, all English subjects in Indian were subject to authority of the company, and a private army was created to protect English citizens and trading interests
When was the Jamestown colony established? What did it mark the beginning of?
Established in 1607, named after James I, this marked the beginning of a lucrative tobacco trade with England
Tobacco was not as valuable as gold, but became first cash crop (a crop that is considered to be easily profitable) and was exploited by the English gentry
How was tobacco an important part of life in the colony?
In 1669, crimes of adultery and fornication were punished in Virgina with a fine of up to 1,000lbs of tobacco
What were the maximum proposed imports of tobacco to England in 1620 & 1638
1620 — 55,000lbs
1638 — 1,600,000lbs
How many lbs of tobacco where being exported from North American colonies by what year?
By 1700, 22million lbs of tobacco were being exported from North American colonies
