impairments

Question 1

in a patient with poor proprioception we would expect to see:

Answer 1

ankle plantarflexion and knee hyperextension with a wide base of support and excessive variability

Question 2

in a patient with vestibular issues we would expect to see:

Answer 2

wide base of support and limited time in single limb stance, poor reactive balance, limiting head motion, limited time in single leg stance

Question 3

if a patient aligns the ground reaction forces so they can fall on passive structures then you would expect and issue with:

Answer 3

muscle strength

Question 4

if a patient has insufficient or excessive amplitude of muscle activity through the entire ROM then:

Answer 4

you suspect an issue with muscle activation

Question 5

if a patient has insufficient amplitude of motion during swing limb advancement or difficulty stabilizing a joint during stance phase then:

Answer 5

you suspect an issue with timing of muscle activity

Question 6

if patients gait pattern appears to be stiff or arrhythmic then:

Answer 6

you suspect an issue with sequencing of the muscle activity

Question 7

if a gait deviation is present in all phase of motion then you should consider the __________ of the muscle

Answer 7

flexibility

Question 8

if a gait deviation is found in most phases along with excessive stiffness, jerky motion, or a wobble, take a look at

Answer 8

hypertonicity

Question 9

if the individual aligns the ground reaction forces such that they rely on passive structures you should take a gander at:

Answer 9

hypotonicity

Question 10

shortened gastroc-soleus lacking ~15 degrees DF

Answer 10

knee hyperextension at WA and Mst, foot flat contact, excessive plantarflexion at LR, MSt, and TSt. Compensatory strategy to clear swing limb

Question 11

shortened gastroc-soleus lacking ~30 degrees DF

Answer 11

heel off in all phases, forefoot contact, compensatory strategy to clear swing limb

Question 12

shortened hamstring with popliteal angle of at least 45 degrees

Answer 12

excessive hip and knee flexion during all stance phases except for PSw, TSw will be an issue due to missing extension

Question 13

shortened iliopsoas with thomas test of at least 10 degrees

Answer 13

excessive hip flexion, knee flexion and dorsiflexion in all phases of gait, TSt will be difficult due to lack of hip extension

Question 14

hypertonicity of gastroc-soleus

Answer 14

excessive plantarflexion in all phases, compensatory strategy to clear swing limb, KNEE WOBBLE (this is what separates it from shortened gastroc-soleus)

Question 15

hypertonicity of hamstrings

Answer 15

excessive knee flexion during stance phases and at TSw, excessive hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during stance phases

Question 16

hypertonicity of quadriceps

Answer 16

limited knee flexion at LR, PSw, and ISw, may also have knee wobble at LR and PSw

Question 17

hypertonicity of iliopsoas

Answer 17

will have difficult at TSt, as limb is unloaded for SLA you may observe a jerky motion

Question 18

weak tibialis anterior

Answer 18

will struggle most with SLA, will have forefoot contact or foot slap, compensatory strategy is used to clear the swing limb

Question 19

weak gastroc-soleus

Answer 19

difficulty stabilizing the limb in single limb stance, excessive dorsiflexion, knee flexion, and hip flexion during MSt and TSt, reduced push off during PSw

Question 20

weak quads

Answer 20

greatest difficulty with LR, will change GRF with knee hyperextension and forward trunk lean

Question 21

weak hamstrings

Answer 21

may see past retract as hamstrings cannot decelerate tibia

Question 22

weak iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Answer 22

hip will externally rotate to allow adductor longus to function as a hip flexor, compensatory strategy to clear swing limb

Question 23

weak iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and adductor longus

Answer 23

the andreas walk, enough said

Question 24

weak glut max

Answer 24

can head bob, if you have bilateral weakness will use compensated strategy of leaning back

Question 25

weak glut med

Answer 25

with small impairment there will be a contralateral pelvic drop, large impairment will involve a lateral trunk lean