Impacts on Ocean Transport Routes Flashcards
What is the impact of climate change on Arctic sea ice?
Arctic sea ice has declined by an average of 70,000 square km a year since 1979, reaching a minimum ice cover close to 40% in July 2020.
What economic opportunity arises from the reduction in Arctic sea ice?
Ocean transport across the Arctic becomes a viable economic opportunity for shipping companies.
What is the significance of the North West Passage in shipping?
The North West Passage is becoming a viable route for shipping, potentially allowing for year-round navigation within 10-15 years.
What are the predicted developments for Arctic shipping routes by 2030?
New ocean routes over the North Pole could open for ice-breaking cargo ships capable of operating in ice up to four feet thick.
What percentage of global trade is accounted for by ocean transport routes?
Ocean transport routes account for 90% of global trade.
What is the expected change in average crossing time for Arctic routes between 2015 and 2060?
The average crossing time is expected to decrease from just over 22 days (2015-2030) to 21 days (2045-2060).
What challenges does the Northwest Passage present for shipping?
The Northwest Passage is challenging due to sea ice shield from summer breakup and melting effects of wind and currents.
What is the first cargo ship to traverse the Northwest Passage unescorted?
The Nunavik became the first cargo ship to traverse the Northwest Passage unescorted in 2014.
Why have shipping companies been hesitant to invest in Arctic routes?
High costs due to specialized ice breakers, crew, and uncertainty of annual ice cover.
Which country is leading in Arctic shipping opportunities?
Russia is leading in exploiting Arctic shipping opportunities with the most icebreakers and Arctic ports.
How many icebreakers does Russia have?
Russia has a total of 40 icebreakers.
What is one of the new Arctic shipping facilities being developed by Russia?
A liquid natural gas port at Sabetta on the Yamal Peninsula.
What environmental challenges are associated with Arctic shipping?
Risks of accidents, lack of navigation charts, insufficient ports, and challenges in oil spill cleanup.
True or False: An Arctic shipping boom could lead to environmental consequences similar to the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
True.
What are the concerns of indigenous communities regarding Arctic shipping?
Noise from ships could harm marine mammals and disrupt traditional hunting grounds.
Fill in the blank: The Arctic is one of the world’s most extreme and ________ locations.
[remote]
What long-term threat does climate change pose to ocean ports?
Longer-term sea level rise poses a threat to ocean ports.
What additional risks may tropical ocean routes face due to climate change?
Increased risk from tropical storms disrupting shipping routes.
