Impacts of superpowers Flashcards
Define IGO’s
Intergovernmental organisations- aim to promote free trade/capitalism in countries around the world
UN, IMF, World Bank, WTO involving many countries
What does the World Bank do
Provides financial/technical assistance to developing countries, aiming to end extreme poverty, promote prosperity
What does the WTO do
Manages global rules of international trade, including patents. Predominantly controlled by western states may exert its influence
Case study: West Africa (impact of IGO’s)
IMF didn’t allow W Africa to receive aid until 2013 until government agreed to set up commercial courts.
After economic reforms $4.4 billion debt cancelled
Potential $10 billion cancellation depended on reform electricity sector
UN bans diamond exports, used to fund civil war.
CS shows how IGO’s can influence western reforms
What are the impacts of IGO’s
Encourage countries to go through modernisation theory
Reduces poverty
Can erode sovereignty promote austerity programmes
Superpowers are maintained through IGO’s
Define patent
Exclusive right given to inventor to use/sell invention. Protects the property rights encouraging entrepreneurship
Evaluation of patent system
Encourages TNC to invest in companies to gain patent rights (pharmaceutical) to maintain competitive edge
WTO gives international protection from fake goods 2.5% of world’s imports
WTO permit developing countries to import cheaper essential medicine
Not every industry is invested as can’t guarantee invention and patent
State companies can become corrupt (Gazpron)
How is western culture maintained
Latest communications/technology/TNC’s
allows spread of goods/values/ethnics
English being the dominant language
By 1990 a westernised global culture beginning to emerge dominated by consumerism, capitalism, wealth creation.
Case study: Cultural impact of Apple
IPhone ect. transformed communication with instant messaging
Apple largest company in USA 2015 worth $724 billion.
Apple also heavily impacted music industry creating industry worth $6.85 billion
Culture change most felt in China due to change in societies (communist and capitalist)
Define UN security council
IGO to ensure international peace and security
Define Vetopower
Legal power to unilaterally to stop an official action
What is UN security council main global actions x3
Crisis response- focusing on quality of life in source countries prevents migrants being trafficked. UK $1.5 billion aid to Syria 2015
Conflict prevention- prevention of conflict in fragile states to help stability in Mid East/Africa. Military action/coalition action against ISIS.
Climate change mitigation- for successful mitigation requires largest global polluters to take action against emissions (USA,China) COP 27 aims for EU countries to reduce emissions
Define/explain NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation- committed to defending against military incursion into any member state. Use of allies
Russia invasion into Ukraine 2014 make NATO take appropriate action
Operating in Afghanistan to combat terrorist groups
Define/explain ANZUS
Similar military alliance (UN) but in Asia pacific regions AUZ, USA, NZ, Japan
Formed in 1951 due to increased military threat from China (Chinese missiles aimed at Taiwan) .
China using military power to strengthen claim on uninhabited territories
Define/explain ASEAN
Association of South East Asian network- is a trade bloc/single market introduced in 2016. To allow goods/services to flow freely between member nations.
Members experienced economic growth
Interdependence another way for superpowers to increase global influence
