Impact Upon Britain Flashcards
What happened to George III in 1795
His carriage was attacked by rioting republicans because of increased food prices
Who created the Army of Reserve and why
Henry Addington, PM 1801-1804. Created as a response to the perceived threat from France
Spithead mutiny of 1797
February
-increasing desertions, complaints ignored by those higher up
-mainly protested against low pay and quantity and quality of their food
-had not received an increase in pay since Charles II
-would only get paid once their ship was paid off and a complicated cash in process
-they had petitioned with an articulate and well reasoned report with signatures, appealing for better treatment. It was ignored
-21st of April their demands would be met
-9th of May PM William Pitt the younger passed the bill
Why was there much need for reform in Britain at this time
The success of the French Revolution could inspire the poorly paid and poorly treated to mimic this approach
Nore Mutiny
Led by Richard Parker
felt that the bill needed to go further
-more equal distribution of prize money
-changes to the Article of War (governed life aboard ships)
-was court martialed and hanged
Irish Revolt of 1798
Inspired by the American War of Independence and the French Revolution
-greater autonomy from the British Empire
-United Irishmen raised an army and fought against the British
-Act of Union in 1800 after the defeat of the rebels, bringing Ireland into the UK
Henry Addington
created the Army of Reserve
Treaty of Amiens in March 1802
Treaty of Amiens
27 March 1802, formed by Henry Addington
‘phoney peace’
wholly favourable to Napoleon
-returned Egypt to the Ottomans, South Africa to the Dutch and forced the British out of Malta
-massively unpopular
Reasons for the Treaty of Amiens
-Britain couldn’t afford to single-handedly fight France
-Would realistically lose continental land warfare
-Britain’s trade was in deficit
-Bad harvests in 1799-1800, leading to inflation
-The public blamed the war for the economic crisis
Aftermath of the Treaty of Amiens
-Abolition of the widely hated income tax
-Fall in corn prices
-Napoleon closed ports in the Low Countries, Holland, Italy and the West Indies to foreign traders (Continental System)
-Strengthened French naval forces (increased SOL from 43 to 66 by 1804
-Clear preparations for war from France
Martello towers
Defensive towers built on the coast of England to prepare for a French invasion
-140 built worldwide
Lord Grenville
the Orders in Council made law on the 11th November 1807 as a direct response to Napoleon’s Continental System
-ordered ships without the British flag to be searched at docks, being seized or sunk if they refused
-Naval blockade, angering neutral nations
Napoleon responded with his Milan Decree 17 Dec 1807
-all neutral shipping using British ports or paying British tariffs were to be seized or sunk, as they were regarded at the enemy
When was the Anglo-American War
1812-1814
Luddism and Luddites
Opposing new technology (employment, safety)
People who would destroy cost-saving machinery, namely textiles.
