Impact of War and revolution Flashcards
Abdication
When and where did he hear the news?
Where was his wife?
What did he say to the German ambassador?
When was it clear to Ludendorff that peace was the only option?
What offered a peace option but what was in the way?
What did Ludendorff advocate?
October Reforms
Who was appointed as Chancellor?
Who was the Chancellor responsible to?
What happened to the armed forces?
What kind of revolution was it?
The Peace Note
When did Max send a letter and how long did Wilson take to reply?
What did Wilson demand in his return letter (3 things)?
What did Ludendorff do on hearing these demands?
When was there a strike against the Kaiser at Friedrischshafen?
When did the Germany Navy’s high command experience a mutiny from two cruisers?
November Revolution of 1918
When did Sailor’s take control of the Kiel base?
What were set up the day after Kiel?
By when were the councils everywhere?
When was the Bavarian Monarchy deposed?
Who described Bavaria as a “decisive moment in the revolution”
When did the SPD set up a Workers’ strike to get the Kaiser to abdicate and what did they threaten?
What did Max do after announcing the Kaiser’s resignation?
The struggle for power ad pressure from the left
What sort of change did Ebert believe in?
What was Ebert’s priority after the armistice?
When did Ebert make an agreement with Worker’s and Soldier’s councils that he only exercised authority in their name?
Why did the USPD view the councils as temporary?
Pressure from the army and Ebert-Groener pact
Why did the army work with Ebery despite not liking the republic?
When did Groener assure Ebert on the phone?
What was the condition of Groener’s assurance?
When was a spartacist demonstration in Berlin fired on by soldiers and how many died?
When was there a sailor’s revolt against the governmnet in Berlin that was put down by the army and what happened after?
When did the January revolution start?
Elections to the constituent assembly
When was the election? What did the SPD achieve from it? Who was Scheidemann in coalition with? What did the Council's do? What did they want the new constitution to have a difference from? How did the new constitution start?
Strengths of the Constitution
There was a wider right to vote and represent than where?
How many electoral districts were there?
Why would Prussia not be able to dominate?
Give two examples of rights set out in the constitution
Referendums could be called by the president, Reichsrat or by people’s request if what happened?
Weaknesses of the constitution
Proliferation of smaller parties did not work at a time where there was no what?
How many times did Ebert use his presidential decree?
Who was appointed commander in chief of the army in 1920?
What did Seeckt believe about army intervention and loyalty?
Senior civil servants like the ones where were still rectruited from aristocracy and had been granted the right to have an opinion as long as it did not conflict with loyalty?
Why did civil servants hold more power at this time?
What was meant to happen to anyone trying to overthrow the constitution by force?
