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history- Conflict & Tension 1918-1939 (part 1) > Impact of the treaty and wider settlement > Flashcards

Impact of the treaty and wider settlement Flashcards

3,1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5

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1
Q

what were the people of Britain’s attitudes towards the Germans?

A
  • little sympathy
  • barely a single family in Britain that had not lost a son, brother or husband in the war
  • suffered food shortages- ready to see Germany pay
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2
Q

what was a popular newspaper headline towards the Germans in Britain?

A

“Hang the Kaiser”

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3
Q

what was Lloyd George happy about with the ToV?

A
  • the British Empire gained extra colonies- now covered 1/3 of the globe
  • German navy was restricted- Britain could rule the seas with little competition
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4
Q

what was Lloyd George concerned about with the ToV?

A
  • loss of German land
  • people in Poland ( kicked out of Germany) would want to return to Germany
  • reparations were too harsh
  • Britain would lose an important trade partner
  • German people would resent the Treaty so much it could result in another war
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5
Q

what were the reactions of the French towards Germany and its people?

A
  • most of the fighting took place in France- country was badly affected by the war
  • French were determined that Germany should be punished severely
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6
Q

what were the French people happy about with the ToV?

A
  • they were no longer threatened by the Germany army in the Rhineland
  • they were receiving reparations
  • they were given control of the Saar for 15 years- would help them economically
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7
Q

what were the French people angry about with the ToV?

A

they thought their suffering during the war had been far greater than the Germans’ suffering would be- thought the Treaty should be much harder

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8
Q

what was Clemenceau angry about?

A
  • Germany was allowed an army
  • Germany still had the Rhineland
  • Germany was not a small, powerless state
  • France was not given the Saar permanently
  • £6.6 billion was too little
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9
Q

what did the people of the USA think about the ToV for Germans?

A
  • many Americans thought the treaty was too harsh and unfair on Germany
  • Wilson was helping Britain and France become more powerful & rich at Germany’s expense
  • they favoured isolationism- felt the US should not get involved in affairs in Europe as it did more harm than good
  • they wanted a fair treaty that guaranteed peace in the future
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10
Q

why could Wilson and America not join the LoN?

A
  • Republicans argued that the Treaty was not based on the 14 Points
  • therefore it was not in America’s best interests
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11
Q

what were the German government known as?

A

the November Criminals

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12
Q

what happened in Germany in 1918?

A
  • October- revolts in Germany- people protest about the war & food shortages
  • 11th November- armistice is signed- Kaiser Willhelm II abdicates
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13
Q

what happened in 1919 in Germany?

A
  • 4-15 January- Communists attempt to overthrow the government- they fail
  • 28th June- ToV is signed
  • 11th August- German Revolution ends- Weimar Constitution ( a list of rules the new democratic government must follow) is accepted
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14
Q

what happened in 1920 in Germany?

A
  • March- Kapp Putsch
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15
Q

what happened in 1921 in Germany?

A
  • April- LoN agrees Germany should pay £6.6 billion in reparations
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16
Q

what happened in 1923 in Germany?

A
  • January- Germany misses a reparations payment- French invade the Ruhr- Germany print more money- the economy crumbles
  • November- hyperinflation- Munich Putsch led by Hitler
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17
Q

what happened in 1924 in Germany?

A
  • August- Dawes Plan- America lends Germany 800 million gold marks to help them rebuild their economy
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18
Q

who ran the country once the Kaiser abdicated?

A
  • the Weimar Republic was set up
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19
Q

what did people think about the Weimar Republic?

A
  • they wanted one, strong leader
  • they thought the government wasn’t helping people fast enough
  • many revolts broke out
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20
Q

what were the first 5 years after the War like for Germany?

A

unstable and violent

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21
Q

how many German civilians had died of starvation after the war?

A

763,000

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22
Q

how much coal did Germany lose?

A

16%

23
Q

how much steel did Germany lose?

A

48%

24
Q

how much land did Germany lose?

A

13%

25
Q

how many Germans found themselves living in different countries?

A
  • nearly 6 million
26
Q

why was German civilians now living in different countries dangerous?

A

they feared persecution- especially since Germany had been forced to accept the war guilt clause

27
Q

what was bad about Germany losing 13% of their land?

A

German families were forced off land they had owned for generations

28
Q

how was the ToV a diktat?

A

Germany was not allowed to send representatives to the conference or to negotiate- they had to accept whatever terms they were given

29
Q

what country did the Treaty of St Germain affect the most?

A

Austria

30
Q

what date was the Treaty of St Germain signed?

A

10th September 1919

31
Q

The Treaty of St Germain: land?

A
  • Austria lost land to Italy & Romania
  • land was taken to create the new states of Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia
  • Poland, which was a new country, was also given land too
32
Q

The Treaty of St Germain: military restrictions?

A
  • 30,000 men in the army
  • no conscription
  • no navy
33
Q

what country was mainly affected by the Treaty of Neuilly?

A

Bulgaria

34
Q

what date was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?

A

27th November 1919

35
Q

the Treaty of Neuilly: land?

A

Bulgaria lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece and Romania

36
Q

the Treaty of Neuilly: reparations?

A

£100 million

37
Q

the Treaty of Neuilly: military restrictions?

A
  • army limited to 20,000 men
  • no conscription
  • no air force- only allowed 4 battleships
38
Q

what country was mainly affected by the Treaty of Trianon?

A

Hungary

39
Q

what date was the Treaty of Trianon signed on?

A

4th June 1920

40
Q

the Treaty of Trianon: land?

A

Hungarian land was lost to Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Austria

41
Q

the Treaty of Trianon: military restrictions?

A
  • 30,000 men in the Hungarian army
  • no conscription
  • only allowed 3 patrol boats
42
Q

what was the main country affected by the Treaty of Sevres?

A

Turkey

43
Q

what date was the Treaty of Sevres signed on?

A

10th August 1920

44
Q

the Treaty of Sevres: land?

A
  • Turkey lost land to Greece
  • in Europe Turkey lost all its land, except a small area around the capital of Constantinople
  • the Turkish (Ottoman) Empire was split up
45
Q

the Treaty of Sevres: military restrictions?

A
  • Turkish army was restricted to 50,000 men
  • navy was restricted to 7 sail boats & 6 torpedo boats
46
Q

the Treaty of Sevres: other terms?

A
  • Turkish controlled the Dardanelles & the Bosphorus straits- important waterways that connected the Black Sea to the Mediterranean- the Treaty said they must keep these open to other countries
  • the allies were allowed to keep troops in Turkey
47
Q

what was the impact of the Treaty of Sevres?

A
  • Turkish people were so angry- they revolted and overthrew the government
  • new president threatened to fight the Allies over the treaty- British were not prepared to fight another war so they agreed to overwrite the treaty with the Treaty of Lausanne
48
Q

what was the Treaty of Sevres overthrown with?

A

the Treaty of Lausanne

49
Q

what date was the Treaty of Lausanne signed on?

A

July 1923

50
Q

what did Turkey gain from the Treaty of Lausanne?

A
  • some of the land Greece had taken
  • control of the Dardanelles & Bosphorus straits
  • the right to decide how big their armed forces were
  • reparations were cancelled and allied troops were withdrawn
50
Q

why were the changes to the Treaty of Sevres significant?

A
  • proved other treaties were unenforceable
  • people were scared of returning to war so they were forced to use force to deal with broken treaties
  • Britain agreed to make a new, fairer treaty- undermined all the treaties
  • Mussolini & Hitler realised they could get away with breaking international laws & no-one would stop them
51
Q

why did Czechoslovakia work well?

A
  • rich in natural resources
  • politically stable
  • well-respected in European politics
52
Q

what new country was formed in the buffer zone between Germany and the USSR?

A

Poland

history- Conflict & Tension 1918-1939 (part 1) (3 decks)

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