Impact of somatic dysfunction

Question 1

Impact of Somatic Dysfunction

Answer 1

Biomechanical Abnormalities
Reflex Changes
Arterial Compromise
Venous & Lymphatic Obstruction
Increased Energy Expenditure
Immune Compromise

Question 2

Biomechanical Influences

Answer 2

Visceral Dysfunction:
Impaired Respiratory Function due to Costal Dysfunction
Impaired Circulation to the Gut due to restricted diaphragmatic motion

Question 3

Reflex Influences

Answer 3

Spinal Cord Segmental Facilitation
The maintenance of a pool of neurons (e.g., premotor neurons, motor neurons, or preganglionic sympathetic neurons in one or more segments of the spinal cord) in a state of partial or subthreshold excitation.

Question 4

Segmental Facilitation

Answer 4

In this state, less afferent stimulation is required to trigger discharge of neural impulses.

Question 5

Reflex Influences

Answer 5

Somato – Somatic
Somato – Visceral
Viscero – Somatic
Viscero - Visceral

Question 6

Somato-Somatic

Answer 6

Dysfunction in one somatic structure provokes, through segmental facilitation, muscle hypertonicity in a related location.
Ex: L5 segmental dysfunction causing gastrocnemius muscle hypertonicity

Question 7

Somato-Visceral

Answer 7

Dysfunction in one somatic structure, through segmental facilitation, reflexly provokes a hypersympathecotonia / hyperparasympathecotonia in segmentally related viscera.

Question 8

Viscero-Somatic Reflexes

Answer 8

Ulcerative Colitis causing reflex hypertonicity of the paravertebral musculature, via sympathetic visceral afferents, at the T10 to L2 spinal levels. Most intense level will produce an extended Type II dysfunction.

Question 9

Viscero-Visceral Reflexes

Answer 9

Reflex effects that one viscus has on another via spinal cord modulation of autonomic nervous system reflexes.

Question 10

Sympathetic Nervous System

Spinal Level T1-T4

Answer 10

T1-4: Everything above the diaphragm; heart, lungs, head & neck, vasomotor control upper extremities.

Question 11

Sympathetic Nervous System

Spinal Level T5-T9

Answer 11

Gut and associated viscera, down to the level of mid-transverse colon. Spleen because it’s next to the stomach.

Question 12

Sympathetic Nervous System

T10-L2

Answer 12

Gut from mid-transverse colon to Exit. Urinary tract, Reproductive System, Vasomotor control of Lower Extremities

Question 13

Energy Expenditure

Answer 13

Somatic Dysfunction alters motion in the body, making it less efficient. This decreased efficiency increases overall energy demand from the body, leading to excessive strain on numerous organ systems.